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US20020028897A1 - Copolymers of ethylene and selected acrylate esters - Google Patents

Copolymers of ethylene and selected acrylate esters Download PDF

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US20020028897A1
US20020028897A1 US09/870,596 US87059601A US2002028897A1 US 20020028897 A1 US20020028897 A1 US 20020028897A1 US 87059601 A US87059601 A US 87059601A US 2002028897 A1 US2002028897 A1 US 2002028897A1
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copolymer
acrylate
ethylene
substituted
acrylate esters
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Lynda Johnson
Lin Wang
Elizabeth McCord
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EIDP Inc
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Assigned to E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY reassignment E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MCCORD, ELIZABETH FORRESTER, JOHNSON, LYNDA KAYE, WANG, LIN
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
    • B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/22—Organic complexes
    • B01J31/2282—Unsaturated compounds used as ligands
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
    • C07F15/006—Palladium compounds
    • C07F15/0066—Palladium compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F15/04—Nickel compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F15/04—Nickel compounds
    • C07F15/045—Nickel compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/46—Phosphinous acids [R2POH], [R2P(= O)H]: Thiophosphinous acids including[R2PSH]; [R2P(=S)H]; Aminophosphines [R2PNH2]; Derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/50—Organo-phosphines
    • C07F9/5004—Acyclic saturated phosphines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/50—Organo-phosphines
    • C07F9/5004—Acyclic saturated phosphines
    • C07F9/5009—Acyclic saturated phosphines substituted by B, Si, P or a metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2231/10—Polymerisation reactions involving at least dual use catalysts, e.g. for both oligomerisation and polymerisation
    • B01J2231/12—Olefin polymerisation or copolymerisation
    • B01J2231/122—Cationic (co)polymerisation, e.g. single-site or Ziegler-Natta type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
    • B01J2531/84—Metals of the iron group
    • B01J2531/847—Nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C08F110/02—Ethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C08F210/02—Ethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/619—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond

Definitions

  • Copolymers of ethylene and selected acrylate esters may be readily analyzed for the presence of acrylate ester homo-polymers, thereby rendering quality control during their manufacture cheaper and faster.
  • a process for copolymer manufacture is also disclosed.
  • the copolymers are useful for films and as molding resins.
  • R 1 is —CH 2 CH 2 X, an n-alkyl containing 6 or more carbon atoms, or —CH 2 R 2 ;
  • X is aryl, substituted aryl, hydrocarbyloxy, substituted hydrocarbyloxy, fluoro or fluoroalkyl
  • R 2 is an alkyl containing at least one quaternary carbon atom, or having a grouping within R 2 having an E s of about ⁇ 1.0 or less, or both.
  • R 1 is —(CH 2 CH 2 )X, n-alkyl containing 6 or more carbon atoms, or —CH 2 R 2 ;
  • X is aryl, substituted aryl, hydrocarbyloxy, substituted hydrocarbyloxy, fluoro, or fluoroalkyl;
  • R 2 is alkyl containing at least one quaternary carbon atom, or having a grouping within R 2 having an E s of about ⁇ 1.0 or less, or both.
  • FIG. 1 shows the 1 H-NMR spectrum of a mixture of an EGPEA homopolymer in a mixture with an EGPEA compolymer with ethylene, produced as described in Example 1 while making the copolymer with a nickel containing olefin polymerization catalyst. The assignments of some of the various peaks are shown.
  • FIG. 2 shows a typical 1 H-NMR of the polymer product from copolymerization of ethylene and methyl acrylate using a nickel containing polymerization catalyst. There is both copolymer and homopolymer present. The homopolymer peak partially lies under a copolymer peak, and the black shaded portion is an illustration (probably not accurate) showing the actual size of the homopolymer peak.
  • FIG. 3 shows a typical 1 H-NMR of the polymer product from copolymerization of ethylene and n-hexyl acrylate using a nickel containing polymerization catalyst. There is both copolymer and homopolymer present. The homopolymer peak partially lies under a copolymer peak, but it is easier to estimate the amount of homopolymer present than in the methyl acrylate case.
  • quaternary carbon atom a carbon atom which is bound to 4 other carbon atoms.
  • An example of a quaternary carbon atom is found in the neopentyl group, —CH 2 C (CH 3 ) 3 .
  • aryl is meant a monovalent group in which the free valence is to a carbon atom of an aromatic ring.
  • the aromatic ring may be a carbocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring.
  • the aryl group may have one or more aromatic rings, which may be fused, connected by single bonds or other groups.
  • hydrocarbyl group is a univalent group containing only carbon and hydrogen.
  • hydrocarbyls may be mentioned unsubstituted alkyls, cycloalkyls and aryls. If not otherwise stated, it is preferred that hydrocarbyl groups (and alkyl groups) herein contain 1 to about 30 carbon atoms.
  • fluoroalkyl an alkyl group substituted with one or more fluorine atoms (and may be perfluoroalkyl). Preferably there is at least one fluorine atom alpha or beta, more preferably alpha, to the free valence of the alkyl group.
  • substituted herein is meant a group which contains one or more substituent groups which are inert under the process conditions to which the compound containing these groups is subjected.
  • the substituent groups also do not substantially interfere with the process. Included in the meaning of “substituted” are heteroaromatic rings. In substituted groups all of the hydrogens (which may be present) may be substituted, as in trifluoromethyl.
  • (inert) functional group herein is meant a group which is inert under the process conditions to which the compound containing the group is subjected. That is, the functional groups do not substantially interfere with any process described herein that the compound in which they are present may take part in.
  • functional groups include halo (fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo), ether such as —OR 22 , thioether such as —SR 22 and amine such as —NR 2 22 wherein each R 22 is independently hydrocarbyl or substituted hydro-carbyl.
  • the functional group may be near a transition metal atom the functional group should not coordinate to the metal atom more strongly than the groups in those compounds are shown as coordinating to the metal atom, that is they should not displace the desired coordinating group.
  • under polymerization conditions is meant the conditions for a polymerization that are usually used for the particular polymerization catalyst system being used. These conditions include parameters such as pressure, temperature, catalyst and cocatalyst (if present) concentrations, the type of process such as batch, semibatch, continuous, gas phase, solution or liquid slurry etc. Conditions normally done or used with the particular polymerization catalyst system, such as the use of hydrogen for polymer molecular weight control, are also considered “under polymerization conditions”. Other polymerization conditions such as presence of hydrogen for molecular weight control, other polymerization catalysts, etc., are applicable with this polymerization process and may be found in the references cited herein.
  • copolymerizable olefin an olefin which, when using the particular polymerization catalyst system chosen, will copolymerize with ethylene and the acrylate ester(s) used, as well as any other comonomers present.
  • E s values are those for o-substituted benzoates described in these publications. If the value for E s for any particular group is not known, it can be determined by methods described in these publications.
  • the value of hydrogen is defined to be the same as for methyl.
  • R 2 having a certain E s By a group contained within R 2 having a certain E s is meant that any portion or all of R 2 may be arbitrarily chosen (this may be done multiple times), and if that portion has an E s . of about ⁇ 1.0 or less, it meets this limitation. For example, if R 2 was 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl (or in other words the ester was an ester of 3,5,5-trimethylhexan-1-ol), the group —CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 3 is found within 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl, and so it would meet the limitation on E s .
  • Preferred transition metals herein are in Groups 3 - 11 and the lanthanides (IUPAC notation), more preferably Groups 8 - 11 , and especially preferably Group 10 .
  • Specific preferred transition metals are Ni, Pd and Cu, and Ni is especially preferred.
  • R 1 is —CH 2 CH 2 X, wherein X is hydrocarbyloxy or substituted hydrocarbyloxy, preferably aryloxy and substituted aryloxy, and especially phenoxy; or
  • R 1 is —CH 2 CH 2 X, wherein X is aryl or substituted aryl, preferably X is phenyl; or
  • R 1 is n-alkyl containing 6-12 carbon atoms, more preferably R 1 is n-hexyl; or
  • R 1 is —CH 2 R 2 wherein R contains a quaternary carbon atom, more preferably R 2 is 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl; or
  • R 1 is —CH 2 R 2 wherein R contains a group having an E s of about ⁇ 1.0 or less, more preferably about ⁇ 1.5 or less, and especially preferably about ⁇ 1.7 or less.
  • copolymers described herein have the following features:
  • R 1 is —(CH 2 CH 2 )X or n-alkyl containing 6 or more carbon atoms
  • analysis of the polymer for acrylate ester homopolymer byproduct is relatively easy by 1 H-NMR, since certain peaks in the NMR spectrum for homopolymer and desired copolymer are separated, see FIG. 1 herein which is a 1 H-NMR of such a mixture.
  • a more “commonly used” acrylate ester, such as methyl acrylate is used, the peaks overlap greatly making accurate analysis impossible, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the polymers of the present invention are useful as molding resins and for films. They are also (depending on their molecular weight and physical properties) useful as:
  • Tackifiers for low strength adhesives (U, vol. A1, p. 235-236) are a use for these polymers. Elastomeric and/or relatively low molecular weight polymers are preferred.
  • the polymers are useful as base resins for hot melt adhesives (U, vol. A1, p. 233-234), pressure sensitive adhesives (U, vol. Al, p. 235-236) or solvent applied adhesives.
  • Thermoplastics are preferred for hot melt adhesives.
  • the polymers may also be used in a carpet installation adhesive.
  • Base polymer for caulking of various kinds is another use.
  • An elastomer is preferred.
  • Lower molecular weight polymers are often used.
  • the polymers may be used for modifying asphalt, to improve the physical properties of the asphalt and/or extend the life of asphalt paving, see U.S. Pat. No. 3,980,598.
  • Wire insulation and jacketing may be made from any of the polymers (see EPSE, vol. 17, p. 828-842). In the case of elastomers it may be preferable to crosslink the polymer after the insulation or jacketing is formed, for example by free radicals.
  • the polymers, especially the branched polymers, are useful as base resins for carpet backing, especially for automobile carpeting.
  • the polymers may be used for extrusion or coextrusion coatings onto plastics, metals, textiles or paper webs.
  • the polymers may be used as a laminating adhesive for glass.
  • the polymers are useful for blown or cast films or as sheet (see EPSE, vol. 7 p. 88-106; ECT4, vol. 11, p. 843-856; PM, p. 252 and p. 432ff).
  • the films may be single layer or multilayer, the multilayer films may include other polymers, adhesives, etc.
  • the films may be stretch-wrap, shrink-wrap or cling wrap.
  • the films are useful for many applications such as packaging foods, geomembranes and pond liners. It is preferred that these polymers have some crystallinity.
  • the polymers may be used to form flexible or rigid foamed objects, such as cores for various sports items such as surf boards and liners for protective headgear. Structural foams may also be made. It is preferred that the polymers have some crystallinity.
  • the polymer of the foams may be crosslinked.
  • the polymers may be used to coat objects by using plasma, flame spray or fluidized bed techniques.
  • Extruded films may be formed from these polymers, and these films may be treated, for example drawn. Such extruded films are useful for packaging of various sorts.
  • the polymers especially those that are elastomeric, may be used in various types of hoses, such as automotive heater hose.
  • the polymers may be used as reactive diluents in automotive finishes, and for this purpose it is preferred that they have a relatively low molecular weight and/or have some crystallinity.
  • the polymers can be converted to ionomers, which when they possess crystallinity can be used as molding resins.
  • ionomeric molding resins are golf ball covers, perfume caps, sporting goods, film packaging applications, as tougheners in other polymers, and (usually extruded) detonator cords.
  • the functional groups on the polymers can be used to initiate the polymerization of other types of monomers or to copolymerize with other types of monomers. If the polymers are elastomeric, they can act as toughening agents.
  • the polymers can act as compatibilizing agents between various other polymers.
  • the polymers can act as tougheners for various other polymers, such as thermoplastics and thermosets, particularly if the olefin/polar monomer polymers are elastomeric.
  • the polymers may act as internal plasticizers for other polymers in blends.
  • a polymer which may be plasticized is poly(vinyl chloride).
  • the polymers can serve as adhesives between other polymers.
  • the polymers may serve as curing agents for other polymers with complimentary functional groups (i.e., the functional groups of the two polymers react with each other).
  • the polymers are useful as pour point depressants for fuels and oils.
  • Lubricating oil additives as Viscosity Index Improvers for multigrade engine oil (ECT3, Vol 14, p. 495-496) are another use. Branched polymers are preferred. Ethylene copolymer with acrylates or other polar monomers will also function as Viscosity Index Improvers for multigrade engine oil with the additional advantage of providing some dispersancy.
  • the polymers may be used for roofing membranes.
  • the polymers may be used as additives to various molding resins such as the so-called thermoplastic olefins to improve paint adhesion, as in automotive uses.
  • a flexible pouch made from a single layer or multilayer film (as described above) which may be used for packaging various liquid products such as milk, or powder such as hot chocolate mix.
  • the pouch may be heat sealed. It may also have a barrier layer, such as a metal foil layer.
  • a wrap packaging film having differential cling is provided by a film laminate, comprising at least two layers; an outer reverse which is a polymer (or a blend thereof) described herein, which contains a tackifier in sufficient amount to impart cling properties; and an outer obverse which has a density of at least about 0.916 g/mL which has little or no cling, provided that a density of the outer reverse layer is at least 0.008 g/mL less than that of the density of the outer obverse layer. It is preferred that the outer obverse layer is linear low density polyethylene, and the polymer of the outer obverse layer have a density of less than 0.90 g/mL. All densities are measured at 25° C.
  • Fine denier fibers and/or multifilaments These may be melt spun. They may be in the form of a filament bundle, a non-woven web, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric or staple fiber.
  • a composition comprising a mixture of the polymers herein and an antifogging agent. This composition is especially useful in film or sheet form because of its antifogging properties.
  • polymers are functionalized with monomers such as fluoroalkyl acrylate esters or other fluorine-containing monomers, they are useful for selectively imparting surface activity to polyolefins. This would be of use reducing fluid penetration in flash-spun polyolefin films for medical and other applications.
  • the fluoro-functionalized polyolefins would also be useful for dispersing fluoropolymers in lubricant applications.
  • EG—end-group refers to the ester group of the acrylate being located in an unsaturated end group of the ethylene copolymer
  • Ets-Bu(%) percent of ethyl branches occurring in secbutyl-ended branches
  • IC—in-chain refers to the ester group of the acrylate being bound to the main-chain of the ethylene copolymer
  • M.W. molecular weight
  • PDI polydispersity
  • PE polyethylene
  • Total methyls per 1000 CH 2 are measured using different NMR resonances in 1 H and 13C NMR spectra. Because of accidental overlaps of peaks and different methods of correcting the calculations, the values measured by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy will not be exactly the same, but they will be close, normally within 10-20% at low levels of acrylate comonomer. In 13 C NMR spectra, the total methyls per 1000 CH 2 are the sums of the 1B 11 , 1B 2 , 1B 3 , and 1B 4 +, EOC resonances per 1000 CH 2 , where the CH 2 's do not include the CH 2 's in the alcohol portions of the ester group.
  • the total methyls measured by 13 C NMR spectroscopy do not include the minor amounts of methyls from the methyl vinyl ends nor the methyls in the alcohol portion of the ester group.
  • the total methyls are measured from the integration of the resonances from 0.6 to 1.08 ppm and the CH 2 's are determined from the integral of the region from 1.08 to 2.49 ppm. It is assumed that there is 1 methine for every methyl group, and 1 ⁇ 3of the methyl integral is subtracted from the methylene integral to remove the methine contribution.
  • the methyl and methylene integrals are also usually corrected to exclude the values of the methyls and methylenes in the alcohol portion of the ester group, if this is practical. Because of the low levels of incorporation, this is usually a minor correction. Corrections are also made to exclude any contributions from acrylate homopolymer to the methyl or methylene integrals in both the 13 C and 1 H spectra where this is warranted.
  • GPC molecular weights are reported versus polystyrene standards. Unless noted otherwise, GPC's were run with RI detection at a flow rate of 1 mL/min at 135° C. with a run time of 30 min. Two columns were used: AT-806MS and WA/P/N 34200. A Waters RI detector was used and the solvent was TCB with 5 grams of BHT per gallon. Dual UV/RI detection GPC was run in THF at rt using a Waters 2690 separation module with a Waters 2410 RI detector and a Waters 2487 dual absorbance detector. Two Shodex columns, KF-806M, were used along with one guard column, KF-G.
  • a 40 mL glass insert was loaded with the nickel compound and, optionally, a Lewis acid (e.g., BPh 3 or B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 ) and borate (e.g., NaBAF or LiBArF), and any other specified cocatalysts and other additives.
  • a Lewis acid e.g., BPh 3 or B(C 6 F 5 ) 3
  • borate e.g., NaBAF or LiBArF
  • Examples 1-5 are listed in Tables 1 and 2 below. Figures for compounds 1 through 4 are shown above.
  • the polymerizations were carried out according to General Procedure A. Varying amounts of acrylate homopolymer are present in the isolated polymers.
  • Table 1 the yield of the polymer is reported in grams and includes the yield of the dominant ethylene/acrylate copolymer as well as the yield of any acrylate homopolymer that was formed.
  • Molecular weights were determined by GPC, unless indicated otherwise.
  • Mole percent acrylate incorporation and total Me were determined by 1 H NMR spectroscopy, unless indicated otherwise.
  • Mole percent acrylate incorporation is typically predominantly IC, unless indicated otherwise.

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US09/870,597 Expired - Fee Related US6541585B2 (en) 2000-05-31 2001-05-31 Polymerization of olefins
US10/943,199 Expired - Fee Related US7439314B2 (en) 2000-05-31 2004-09-16 Catalysts for olefin polymerization
US12/184,467 Expired - Fee Related US7998895B2 (en) 2000-05-31 2008-08-01 Catalysts for olefin polymerization
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US10/943,199 Expired - Fee Related US7439314B2 (en) 2000-05-31 2004-09-16 Catalysts for olefin polymerization
US12/184,467 Expired - Fee Related US7998895B2 (en) 2000-05-31 2008-08-01 Catalysts for olefin polymerization
US12/779,182 Abandoned US20100222531A1 (en) 2000-05-31 2010-05-13 Catalysts for olefin polymerization

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US7098165B2 (en) 2003-02-03 2006-08-29 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Monometallic azo complexes of late transition metals for the polymerization of olefins
US20040181018A1 (en) * 2003-03-10 2004-09-16 Thomas Weiss Process for the production of an azo-catalyst for the polymerization of olefins
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CN100384892C (zh) 2008-04-30
US20020037982A1 (en) 2002-03-28
US20020032289A1 (en) 2002-03-14
MXPA02011836A (es) 2003-05-14
AU2001265260A1 (en) 2001-12-11
CN100369940C (zh) 2008-02-20
US6897275B2 (en) 2005-05-24
EP1292623A2 (fr) 2003-03-19
EP1292624A2 (fr) 2003-03-19
US20100222531A1 (en) 2010-09-02
AU7507001A (en) 2001-12-11
KR20030007830A (ko) 2003-01-23
WO2001092354A3 (fr) 2003-01-16
AU2001266635A1 (en) 2001-12-11
BR0111657A (pt) 2003-10-07
WO2001092342A3 (fr) 2003-01-16
US7439314B2 (en) 2008-10-21
CN1626558A (zh) 2005-06-15
CN1444606A (zh) 2003-09-24
US6541585B2 (en) 2003-04-01
WO2001092347A3 (fr) 2003-01-16
WO2001092347A2 (fr) 2001-12-06
WO2001092354A2 (fr) 2001-12-06
AU2001275070B2 (en) 2005-11-10
WO2001092342A2 (fr) 2001-12-06
US7998895B2 (en) 2011-08-16
US20100029469A1 (en) 2010-02-04
CA2408937A1 (fr) 2001-12-06
JP2004502652A (ja) 2004-01-29
US20050043496A1 (en) 2005-02-24
JP2003535190A (ja) 2003-11-25

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