US20010010797A1 - Connector tube for a turbine rotor cooling circuit - Google Patents
Connector tube for a turbine rotor cooling circuit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20010010797A1 US20010010797A1 US09/814,045 US81404501A US2001010797A1 US 20010010797 A1 US20010010797 A1 US 20010010797A1 US 81404501 A US81404501 A US 81404501A US 2001010797 A1 US2001010797 A1 US 2001010797A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tubular
- free end
- tubular connector
- tube
- internal diameter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
- F01D5/08—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
- F01D5/08—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means
- F01D5/081—Cooling fluid being directed on the side of the rotor disc or at the roots of the blades
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
- F01D25/12—Cooling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
- F01D5/08—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means
- F01D5/085—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means cooling fluid circulating inside the rotor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05D2260/205—Cooling fluid recirculation, i.e. after cooling one or more components is the cooling fluid recovered and used elsewhere for other purposes
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to land based gas turbine power plants, and specifically to a tubular connector used to radially connect axially extending cooling tubes in a gas turbine rotor cooling circuit.
- a steam cooling circuit for a gas turbine rotor is disclosed in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 5,593,274. Briefly, cooling steam is supplied via a tube concentric to the rotor and then via radial passages to axially extending tubes (parallel to but radially outwardly of the rotor axis) which supply cooling steam to the buckets of one or more of the turbine stages. A similar return path is employed to remove the steam. Because of the rotating environment of the turbine rotor assembly and the centrifugal forces generated thereby, and because of thermal expansion of the various components, any radially oriented coolant tubes must be designed to accommodate relative axial and radial shifting movements where the radial tubes interface at opposite ends with the axial tube fittings.
- This invention relates to a tube having coupling profiles at opposite ends which are particularly advantageous in the context of radial connecting tubes in a rotating environment.
- the tubes to be coupled are substantially parallel but radially offset relative to the rotor axis.
- the fittings which mate with the tube of this invention are in axial alignment with the radial tube.
- references to radial vs. axial or to radially “outer” or radially “inner take into account the orientation of the tube as installed in a turbine rotor assembly.
- References to the “upper” or “lower” ends of the tube correspond to radially outer and inner ends of the tube, respectively, relative to the rotor axis.
- Reference to a “radial flange” on the tube is made with respect to the longitudinal center axis of the tube itself.
- the radially outer or upper end of the tube has an enlarged radial flange (but with a constant tube ID) formed with a tapered edge, the taper extending inwardly toward the longitudinal center axis of the tube in an upward or radially outer direction.
- This taper is part spherical in shape so that engagement with a flat conical seat formed on an axially aligned end of an elbow component attached to the radially outer axial cooling tube is substantially tangential.
- the radially outer or upper tube end is able to “roll” in the seat in virtually any direction, thus accommodating relative shifting movement between the radially oriented tube and the axial tubes to which it is coupled while, at the same time resisting any radially outward movement which might otherwise occur due to centrifugal forces generated by rotation of the rotor.
- the radially inner or lower end of the tube is formed as a “half-spoolie,” i.e., the lower free end of the tube is expanded to form a part toroid, formed by a part spherical surface.
- an annular groove is formed about the tube end, while the thickness of the tube wall remains substantially constant.
- This end of the tube is slidably received in a radially extending cylindrical bushing formed in the radially inner, axially extending tube.
- This arrangement results in tangential line contact at the interface of the tube and a cylindrical ID of the bushing. There is no restraint on any radial movement of the tube at this end, however, (i.e.. other than friction) so that the tube can thermally expand in a radially inner direction relative to the rotor axis, even though the tube is constrained against thermal growth at the radially outer end thereof.
- the invention relates to a tubular connector adapted to extend between two tubular components comprising a tubular body having an internal diameter, a first free end including an annular radial flange having a tapered surface adapted to engage a complementary seating surface on a first of the two tubular components, the internal diameter remaining constant through the first free end; and a second free end having an annular bulbous shape adapted to seat within a cylindrical end of a second of the two tubular components.
- FIG. 1 is a partial side section of a gas turbine rotor assembly incorporating the connector tube of this invention.
- FIG. 2 is a side section of the connector tube in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- a turbine including a turbine rotor assembly, generally designated 10 , comprised of axially stacked components, for example, rotor wheels 12 , 14 , 16 and 18 which form portions of a four-stage exemplary turbine rotor with spacers 20 , 22 and 24 alternating between the wheels.
- the wheel and spacer elements are held together on the rotor by a plurality of elongated, circumferentially extending bolts, only one of which is illustrated at 26 .
- the wheels 12 , 14 , 16 and 18 mount a plurality of circumferentially spaced turbine buckets 12 a , 14 a , 16 a and 18 a , respectively.
- nozzles 30 , 32 , 34 and 36 and respective wheels 12 , 14 , 16 and 18 comprise the stages of the turbine.
- An aft shaft wheel 42 forms part of the rotor 10 and is bolted to the stacked wheels and spacers.
- the aft shaft 44 houses a bore tube assembly described and illustrated in detail in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/216363 (Attorney Docket No. 839-540).
- the bore tube assembly includes axially extending outer and inner tubes 48 and 50 , respectively, defining an annular steam-cooling supply passage 52 and a spent steam-cooling return passage 54 .
- the passages 52 and 54 communicate steam to and from the outer rim of the rotor through sets of radially extending conduits or tubes 56 and 58 , respectively, which in turn communicate with corresponding sets of axially extending tubes spaced circumferentially about the rim of the rotor.
- the steam supplied through the steam supply passage 52 and radial tubes 56 supply cooling steam to buckets 12 a and 14 a of the first and second stages, respectively, via axially extending tubes (not shown), while axial tubes (one shown at 57 ) and radial tubes 58 and return passage 54 receive the spent cooling steam from the buckets for return to a stationary or static pipe (not shown).
- axial tubes 48 and 50 as well as axial tubes 57 are part of and rotate with the rotor assembly 10 .
- Connector tube 58 includes a tubular body with a conventional “B-nut” 60 at its radially outer end, and a “half-spoolie” connector 62 at its opposite, radially inner end.
- the “B-nut” 60 at the radially outer end includes a radial flange 64 and a spherically-shaped or tapered surface 66 .
- the latter is designed to engage a flat, annular tapered surface 68 of, in this case, an axially aligned end of an elbow 70 which is connected at its opposite end to the radially outer axial tube 57 .
- This is a conventional seal connection between adjacent tubular members, but is especially useful here, where the connector is subjected to centrifugal forces, tending to move the connector tube 56 in a radial outward direction.
- the spherical end of the tube 58 will maintain sealing contact with the mating surface 68 of the elbow 70 , adjusting as necessary to any relative movement between the parts.
- the B-nut 60 itself may be welded to the end of the tubular member 56 opposite the spoolie, or formed integrally therewith.
- the tube 56 has an enlarged end due to a radiused enlargement, forming an annular, part spherical-shaped end 72 (also referred to as a part or half-spoolie) which fits inside a straight or cylindrical end or tubular bushing 74 extending radially from the radially inner axial tube 54 .
- annular, part spherical-shaped end 72 also referred to as a part or half-spoolie
- thermal growth of tube 58 is accommodated at the inner radial end of the tube, while any relative axial shifting motion between the inner and outer radial tubes is accommodated at the “B-nut” connection at the radially outer end of the tube.
- the spoolie surface is coated on its exterior with a wear resistant coating.
- a wear resistant coating e.g., a commercially available cobalt base coating alloy known as Tribaloy.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
A tubular connector adapted to extend between two tubular components comprising a tubular body having an internal diameter, a first free end including an annular radial flange having a tapered surface adapted to engage a complementary seating surface on a first of the two tubular components, the internal diameter remaining constant through the first free end; and a second free end having an annular bulbous shape adapted to seat within a cylindrical end of a second of the two tubular components.
Description
- This invention relates generally to land based gas turbine power plants, and specifically to a tubular connector used to radially connect axially extending cooling tubes in a gas turbine rotor cooling circuit.
- A steam cooling circuit for a gas turbine rotor is disclosed in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 5,593,274. Briefly, cooling steam is supplied via a tube concentric to the rotor and then via radial passages to axially extending tubes (parallel to but radially outwardly of the rotor axis) which supply cooling steam to the buckets of one or more of the turbine stages. A similar return path is employed to remove the steam. Because of the rotating environment of the turbine rotor assembly and the centrifugal forces generated thereby, and because of thermal expansion of the various components, any radially oriented coolant tubes must be designed to accommodate relative axial and radial shifting movements where the radial tubes interface at opposite ends with the axial tube fittings.
- This invention relates to a tube having coupling profiles at opposite ends which are particularly advantageous in the context of radial connecting tubes in a rotating environment. Specifically, the tubes to be coupled are substantially parallel but radially offset relative to the rotor axis. The fittings which mate with the tube of this invention, however, are in axial alignment with the radial tube. For purposes of this discussion, and unless otherwise explained, references to radial vs. axial or to radially “outer” or radially “inner,” take into account the orientation of the tube as installed in a turbine rotor assembly. References to the “upper” or “lower” ends of the tube correspond to radially outer and inner ends of the tube, respectively, relative to the rotor axis. Reference to a “radial flange” on the tube, however, is made with respect to the longitudinal center axis of the tube itself.
- In one exemplary embodiment, the radially outer or upper end of the tube has an enlarged radial flange (but with a constant tube ID) formed with a tapered edge, the taper extending inwardly toward the longitudinal center axis of the tube in an upward or radially outer direction. This taper is part spherical in shape so that engagement with a flat conical seat formed on an axially aligned end of an elbow component attached to the radially outer axial cooling tube is substantially tangential. As a result, the radially outer or upper tube end is able to “roll” in the seat in virtually any direction, thus accommodating relative shifting movement between the radially oriented tube and the axial tubes to which it is coupled while, at the same time resisting any radially outward movement which might otherwise occur due to centrifugal forces generated by rotation of the rotor.
- The radially inner or lower end of the tube is formed as a “half-spoolie,” i.e., the lower free end of the tube is expanded to form a part toroid, formed by a part spherical surface. In other words, an annular groove is formed about the tube end, while the thickness of the tube wall remains substantially constant. This end of the tube is slidably received in a radially extending cylindrical bushing formed in the radially inner, axially extending tube. This arrangement results in tangential line contact at the interface of the tube and a cylindrical ID of the bushing. There is no restraint on any radial movement of the tube at this end, however, (i.e.. other than friction) so that the tube can thermally expand in a radially inner direction relative to the rotor axis, even though the tube is constrained against thermal growth at the radially outer end thereof.
- Accordingly, in its broader aspects, the invention relates to a tubular connector adapted to extend between two tubular components comprising a tubular body having an internal diameter, a first free end including an annular radial flange having a tapered surface adapted to engage a complementary seating surface on a first of the two tubular components, the internal diameter remaining constant through the first free end; and a second free end having an annular bulbous shape adapted to seat within a cylindrical end of a second of the two tubular components.
- FIG. 1 is a partial side section of a gas turbine rotor assembly incorporating the connector tube of this invention; and
- FIG. 2 is a side section of the connector tube in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- Referring now to the drawings, there is illustrated a portion of a turbine, including a turbine rotor assembly, generally designated10, comprised of axially stacked components, for example,
rotor wheels spacers wheels turbine buckets nozzles respective wheels aft shaft wheel 42 forms part of the rotor 10 and is bolted to the stacked wheels and spacers. - In an advanced gas turbine designed by the assignee hereof, the
aft shaft 44 houses a bore tube assembly described and illustrated in detail in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/216363 (Attorney Docket No. 839-540). Briefly, the bore tube assembly includes axially extending outer andinner tubes cooling supply passage 52 and a spent steam-cooling return passage 54. Thepassages tubes 56 and 58, respectively, which in turn communicate with corresponding sets of axially extending tubes spaced circumferentially about the rim of the rotor. The steam supplied through thesteam supply passage 52 andradial tubes 56 supply cooling steam tobuckets 12 a and 14 a of the first and second stages, respectively, via axially extending tubes (not shown), while axial tubes (one shown at 57) and radial tubes 58 andreturn passage 54 receive the spent cooling steam from the buckets for return to a stationary or static pipe (not shown). It will be appreciated that thebore tubes - With reference also to FIG. 2, the
radial connector tubes 56, 58 accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention are identical and only tube 58 will be described in detail. Connector tube 58 includes a tubular body with a conventional “B-nut” 60 at its radially outer end, and a “half-spoolie”connector 62 at its opposite, radially inner end. The “B-nut” 60 at the radially outer end includes aradial flange 64 and a spherically-shaped ortapered surface 66. The latter is designed to engage a flat, annular tapered surface 68 of, in this case, an axially aligned end of anelbow 70 which is connected at its opposite end to the radially outer axial tube 57. This is a conventional seal connection between adjacent tubular members, but is especially useful here, where the connector is subjected to centrifugal forces, tending to move theconnector tube 56 in a radial outward direction. In other words, the spherical end of the tube 58 will maintain sealing contact with the mating surface 68 of theelbow 70, adjusting as necessary to any relative movement between the parts. The B-nut 60 itself may be welded to the end of thetubular member 56 opposite the spoolie, or formed integrally therewith. - At the radially inner end, i.e., the spoolie end, the
tube 56 has an enlarged end due to a radiused enlargement, forming an annular, part spherical-shaped end 72 (also referred to as a part or half-spoolie) which fits inside a straight or cylindrical end ortubular bushing 74 extending radially from the radially inneraxial tube 54. In this way, thermal growth of tube 58 is accommodated at the inner radial end of the tube, while any relative axial shifting motion between the inner and outer radial tubes is accommodated at the “B-nut” connection at the radially outer end of the tube. - In the exemplary embodiment, the spoolie surface is coated on its exterior with a wear resistant coating. e.g., a commercially available cobalt base coating alloy known as Tribaloy.
- While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A tubular connector adapted to extend between two tubular components comprising a tubular body having an internal diameter, a first free end including an annular radial flange having a tapered surface adapted to engage a complementary seating surface on a first of said two tubular components, said internal diameter remaining constant through said first free end; and a second free end having an annular bulbous shape adapted to seat within a cylindrical end of a second of said two tubular components.
2. The tubular connector of wherein said bulbous shape is provided in the form of a partial toroid.
claim 1
3. The tubular connector of wherein said second free end is coated on an exterior surface thereof with a wear-resistant material.
claim 1
4. The tubular connector of wherein said wear-resistant material comprises a cobalt-based alloy.
claim 3
5. The tubular connector of wherein said tapered surface is part spherical in shape.
claim 1
6. In a land base turbine having a rotor assembly and plurality of stages, each stage including a wheel supporting a plurality of buckets, a cooling circuit including at least first and second axially extending tubes radially offset relative to each other, and a radially oriented tube coupling said first and second axially extending tubes, said radially oriented tube having an internal diameter, a first free end including an annular radial flange having a tapered surface adapted to engage a complementary seating surface on a first of said two tubular components, said internal diameter remaining constant through said first free end; and a second free end having an annular bulbous shape adapted to seat within a cylindrical end of a second of said two tubular components.
7. The tubular connector of wherein said bulbous shape is provided in the form of a partial toroid.
claim 1
8. The tubular connector of wherein said second free end is coated on an exterior surface thereof with a wear-resistant material.
claim 1
9. The tubular connector of wherein said wear-resistant material comprises a cobalt-based alloy.
claim 8
10. The tubular connector of wherein said tapered surface is part spherical in shape.
claim 1
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/814,045 US6457934B2 (en) | 1999-08-27 | 2001-03-22 | Connector tube for a turbine rotor cooling circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US38419899A | 1999-08-27 | 1999-08-27 | |
US09/814,045 US6457934B2 (en) | 1999-08-27 | 2001-03-22 | Connector tube for a turbine rotor cooling circuit |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US38419899A Division | 1999-08-27 | 1999-08-27 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20010010797A1 true US20010010797A1 (en) | 2001-08-02 |
US6457934B2 US6457934B2 (en) | 2002-10-01 |
Family
ID=23516420
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/814,045 Expired - Fee Related US6457934B2 (en) | 1999-08-27 | 2001-03-22 | Connector tube for a turbine rotor cooling circuit |
US09/921,998 Expired - Lifetime US6581978B2 (en) | 1999-08-27 | 2001-08-06 | Connector tube for a turbine rotor cooling circuit |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/921,998 Expired - Lifetime US6581978B2 (en) | 1999-08-27 | 2001-08-06 | Connector tube for a turbine rotor cooling circuit |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6457934B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1079068A3 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4974199B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100636439B1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
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US6856059B2 (en) | 2002-05-22 | 2005-02-15 | General Electric Company | Sealed turbine generator and method |
US20120134778A1 (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2012-05-31 | Alexander Anatolievich Khanin | Axial flow gas turbine |
CN106640208A (en) * | 2015-10-31 | 2017-05-10 | 熵零股份有限公司 | Impeller mechanism |
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SE512085C2 (en) * | 1998-05-28 | 2000-01-24 | Abb Ab | A rotor machine arrangement |
US8277170B2 (en) * | 2008-05-16 | 2012-10-02 | General Electric Company | Cooling circuit for use in turbine bucket cooling |
US8915701B2 (en) | 2011-09-08 | 2014-12-23 | General Electric Company | Piping assembly and method for connecting inner and outer shell in turbine system |
US8814222B2 (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2014-08-26 | Solar Turbines Inc. | Self-sealing tube for a gas turbine secondary air system |
US10443498B2 (en) | 2014-08-15 | 2019-10-15 | United Technologies Corporation | Gas turbine engine cooling fluid metering system |
US10378379B2 (en) | 2015-08-27 | 2019-08-13 | General Electric Company | Gas turbine engine cooling air manifolds with spoolies |
US10968771B2 (en) | 2017-01-12 | 2021-04-06 | General Electric Company | Method and system for ice tolerant bleed takeoff |
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-
2000
- 2000-06-09 EP EP00304908A patent/EP1079068A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-06-15 KR KR1020000032885A patent/KR100636439B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-06-16 JP JP2000180656A patent/JP4974199B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-03-22 US US09/814,045 patent/US6457934B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-08-06 US US09/921,998 patent/US6581978B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6856059B2 (en) | 2002-05-22 | 2005-02-15 | General Electric Company | Sealed turbine generator and method |
US20120134778A1 (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2012-05-31 | Alexander Anatolievich Khanin | Axial flow gas turbine |
US8932007B2 (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2015-01-13 | Alstom Technology Ltd. | Axial flow gas turbine |
CN106640208A (en) * | 2015-10-31 | 2017-05-10 | 熵零股份有限公司 | Impeller mechanism |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1079068A2 (en) | 2001-02-28 |
US20020025250A1 (en) | 2002-02-28 |
JP2001082170A (en) | 2001-03-27 |
KR20010049552A (en) | 2001-06-15 |
US6581978B2 (en) | 2003-06-24 |
US6457934B2 (en) | 2002-10-01 |
EP1079068A3 (en) | 2004-01-07 |
KR100636439B1 (en) | 2006-10-18 |
JP4974199B2 (en) | 2012-07-11 |
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