US1974385A - Chuck controlling mechanism - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 18, 1934. L. E. WHlTON I CHUCK CONTROLLING MECHANISM 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed March 13, 1926 Sept. 18, 1934. 1,, E. WHlTON 1,974,385

' I CHUCK CONTROLLING MECHANISM Original Filed March 15, 192 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 s 37 13 l4 -2 212 17 Z8 15 [a 3 \l I Y I8 20 6 l 25' I6 1 y 2 2 9 3 y 3 3,6 Y Z5 M v 6 a? f T I Patented Sept. 18, 1934 can so STATES;

CHUCK CONTROLLING MECHANISM Lucius E. Whiton, New London, Conn.

Application March 13,

1926, Serial No. 94,471

Renewed July 25, 1932 65' Claims.

My invention relates to chuck controlling mechanisms.

It has for its object to provide an improved power operated opening and closing" mechanism 1. for a power driven chuck. A further object of my invention is to provide such an improved mechanism having improved driving and controllingconnections whereby the opening and closing mechanism-is both operated by power and controlled in an improved manner. Another object of my invention is to provide an improvedmechanism of the'character described and broadly claimed,

inmy copending application Serial No. 94,470 filed March 13, 1926 and one wherein it is made possible to drive the opening and closing mechanism in an improved manner by power and obtain greater momentum and utilize the latter more effectively to supply the initial orfinal power urge or tug heretoforeonly obtainable -manually"and 20' which is of great importance in the opening and closing operations of the chuck jaws.

proved control-ling mechanism and more-particularly improved automatic controlling mechanism 2 including improved automatic mechanism for closing mechanism and the Theseand other objects and advantages of my disconnecting the power operated mechanism.

when the jaws of theclutch have moved a sufficient distance. 'A still further object of my invention is to provide an improved mechanism of thecharacter set forth having improved.revers-- ible friction clutch mechanism equipped with improved controllingmechanism therefor arranged and cooperating with an improved arrangement of driving connections between the openingand driving means.

improved construction will, however, hereinafter more fully appear.

For purposes of illustration, I'have shown in the accompanying drawings one embodiment which my invention may assume in practice. In these drawings,- r

' Figure l is an end elevation of the chuck carry Stillan other object of my invention is to provide int-- the frictional mechanism therein, showing on an enlarged scale the omitted mechanism mentioned above;

Fig. 6 is a sectional View on line 6-6 ofFig.

4; and c Fig. 7is a detail sectional view on line 7-7 of Fig. 2.

In this illustrative construction I have shown my invention applied to a; single chuck lathe of the well known Reed-Prentice center drive type,- my improved mechanism being mounted on thetop of the lathe frame 1 on a. suitable frame-2 and operatively connected to the lathe chuck 3 on the lathe spindle 3a, through improved power driven operative connections hereinafter described. Generally speaking, the construction is such that the chuck 3, (preferably though not, necessarily of the type described and claimedin: my co-pending application Serial No. 61,173, filed Oct. 8, 1925, now Patent Number 1,713,796 granted May 21, 1929), is adapted to open or close-the. chuck jaws 4 upon rotation in opposite direc-. tions of a spur gear 5 coaxial with'the chuck, this gear 5 herein being rotated by power through these improved connections to open or close "the jaws as necessary.

In my improved construction, a separate else-- trio motor 6 is preferably provided to-drive-the' power connections mentioned, this motor-preferably being of a constant speed type adapted to stand a substantial overload. While this motor. may be disposed in various positions, itis hereinshown to be mounted, as preferably, with itsaxis. perpendicular to the chuck axis andupon a bracket 7 suitably carried on the back of the lathe frame 1, this arrangement being compact and convenient. It will further be noted that the power for rotating the spur gear 5, and thereby opening or'closing the clutch jaws 4, is herein not directly applied to the gear-5, but instead applied thereto through an upper intermediate.- gear 8 journ'aled on the frame 2 and meshing with; both the spur gear Band an upper driving pinion 9 adapted to be connected to the motor 6 through improved operative connections carriedbythe frame 2. Thus it will be noted that all need for disturbing the mechanism of the lathe per se in order to obtain a power drive, is obviated; my ime proved mechanism herein being in the form of attachments capable of being mounted on the. lathe frame without interference with the lathe mechanism. I Referring more particularly to the operative. connections between the motor 6 andtheopening and closing pinion 9, it will be noted .thatthe motor 6 carries a pinion 10 on the inner end of its armature shaft, which in turn is located below and is geared to a large flywheel gear 11 of large mass and herein rotatable on an axis extending at right angles to the axis of the pinion 9. Herein, this gear 11 is carried on the protruding end of a shaft 13 which is driven at high speed through the connections shown and journaled on the top of the frame 2 in suitable bearings 14. This shaft 13 in turn carries a bevel pinion 15 on its opposite end. This pinion 15 is herein also adapted to be connected to a shaft 16" carrying the rotatable openingand closing mem-- her 9, through frictional reversing mechanism disposed coaXially of said shaft and operative to cause the member 9 to be rotated inopposite directions to effect opening and closing of the chuck jaws.

Considering this reversing mechanism more in detail, it will be noted that oppositely disposed bevel pinions 17 and 18 constantly meshing with the bevel pinion 15, are disposed coaxially with the shaft 16, and that these pinions are journal ed in suitable bearings 19 and 20 on the frame 2. Moreover, it will be noted that the hub of each of these bevel pinions 17, 18 is provided with reverse conical surfaces 21 and 22 adapted, respectively, to cooperate with a cone 23 and a cone 24. Of these, the outer cones 23 are fixed for rotation with the shaft 16, as by keying, and are adjustable longitudinally of the shaft to provide adjustment for the amount of torque to be delivered by the driving member and to compensate for wear, the adjustment being effected by suitable threaded colhereinafter described. Thus, it will be evident that when either frictional device is brought into operation, power will be transmitted from the bevel pinion 15 to the shaft 16, and that the direction of rotation of this shaft will depend upon which of the cooperating bevel pinions 17,18 is connected to the shaft.

Improved operating mechanism for the friction mechanism mentioned is also provided. Herein, it will be noted that the shaft 16 is made in two portions and that it has a connecting rack section 25 between its portions, threaded into the adjacent ends of the latter, as at 26, and so disposed that the rack teeth are disposed vertically on opposite sides of the shaft. Cooperating with each set of these rack teeth is also a pivoted segmental pawl or lever 27 having teeth 28 adapted to engage the teeth of its rack, these levers being pivoted intermediate their ends on trunnions 29 carried by the sleeve intermediate the ends of the latter. Moreover, it will be noted that each of these segmental levers has backwardly extending winged portions 30, and that each lever is movable about its axis in a suitable cut-out portion 31 in the sleeve, so shaped as to permit a limited depression of either wing. Further, a sliding sleeve 32 herein surrounds both the sleeve carrying the cones 24 and the levers 2'7; and this sleeve 32 engages the outer ends of the so-called wings on the segmental levers 2'7. Thus, depending upon the direction of movement of the sleeve 32, one wing or the other of these levers is caused to be pressed in, and thereby cause longitudinal movement of either the sleeve carrying the cones 24 or the shaft 16 carrying the cones 23, in such manner as effectually to connect the desired pinion 1'7, 18. Attention is here also directed. to the and disposed parallel to the shaft 16.

oppositely acting eifect of the levers 27 on the cones on the sleeve and shaft, the construction being such that when the levers are moved out of a predetermined central position the cones are actuated in opposite directions.

Operatively associated with the sleeve 32 is also improved means for shifting the same longitudinally. These means herein assume the form of a band or ring 33 surrounding the sleeve and Operatively connected to an extension 34 on a sliding clutch bar 35 slidable on the frame 2 Herein this bar 35 is also provided with rack teeth 36 on its outer edge, which are in turn adapted to cooperate with teeth 37 on a segmental operating member having a handle 38 and pivoted at 39 on the frame 2; the construction being such that when the handle 38 is moved in either direction about its pivot, the bar 35 and sleeve 32 are moved in the opposite direction to connect the:

desired bevel pinion 1'7, 18 to the shaft 16, while the segment 3'7 and rack teeth 36 enable a long range of adjustment in this improved type of friction and thehandle 38 exerts a powerful lever-- age.

I have also provided improved means for controlling the movement of the lever 38. These means herein assume the form of a pin or stud 40 carried by the clutch bar 35 and projecting upward through a suitable longitudinally disposed slot 41 in the frame 2. Herein, this stud 40 engages and cooperates with suitable controlling stop screws 42, 43, likewise carried by the frame and adjustable to limit the movement of the clutch bar in accordance with the requirements of the work. Thus, it will be evident that when the lever 38 is moved about its pivot, its travel and the travel of the bar 35 and the connected friction mechanism will be determined by the adjustment of the stop screws 42, 43. In practical operation these screws are normally so set as to enable a greater movement of the lever 38 and a consequent more full application of the friction when the shaft 16 and the pinion 9 are to be rotated to release the jaws 4 of the clutch 3; more this shaft 44 is provided with a threaded end 48 rotating in a nut 49 slidably carried on the frame and having rack teeth 50 meshing with teeth 51. on a segmental member 52 pivoted at 53 and extending therefrom transversely above the working end of the shaft 16. Herein this segmental member 52 also carries on the opposite of its pivot a bifurcated portion the arms 58 of which carry adjustable stop screws 54 adapted alternately to engage with a pin 55 projecting upward from the adjacent end of the bar 35. Thus, it will be noted that the shaft 44 moves or travels synchronously with the jaws, i. e. in such a manner as to maintain a fixed or predetermined relation to the movement of the chuck jaws, so that the ratio between the shaft and jaw movements is always the same. As a result, when the chuck jaws have opened a sufficient distance, the pin 55 will be engaged by one of the stop screws 54 and automatically moved in the required direction to dis--. connect the. friction mechanism and thereby interrupt or disconnect thepower drive forthe opening and closing mechanism in such manner as to discontinue or interrupt further jaw move-. ment.

Provision is also made whereby if desired this stop mechanism may be disconnected, the same herein assuming the form of a slip gear in the train 45, 46, 47. As shown, the gear 46 thereof is preferably slidably mounted on astud 56 carried by the frame in such manner that this gear may be pulledout of mesh with its cooperating gears whenever desired, thereby disconnecting the automatic. knock-out. Further, it will be noted that provision is made. whereby the shaft 44 may be adjusted when the gear 46 is thus disengaged- To this end, a knurled end 57 is provided on the end of this shaft carrying the screw 48, so that any desired adjustment of the shaft, and consequent adjustment of the position of the stop mechanism, may be made whenever desired.

In the operation of my improved mechanism,

- 1 it will be evident that the opening and closing member 9 may be rotated in either direction depending upon the direction of movement of the lever. 38 about its pivot 39 and the consequent connection of the bevel pinionl? or its fellow 18 to the shaft 16. It will further be evident that the limits of movement of the lever will be determined by the stop screws 42, 43 so that a predetermined greater grip of' the friction may be obtained when rotating the member 9 to effect 5. opening of the clutch jaws 4 than is obtainable 'when the jaws are to be closed. Moreover,

through the provision of the flywheel gear ll carried on the high speed shaft 13, it will be evident that the momentum of this gear 11 assists in overcoming'the resistance when the chuck jaws contact with the work, andthat, further, this same momentum is available to overcome the gripping strain of the chuck jaws and open the latter.' Thus, for example, the momentum of the flywheel assists in closing the chuck jaws up to the point where the friction clutch slips, whereasin opening the jaws,'when by reason of the adjustment of the set screws 42 and 43 greater power is made capable of being transmitted i through the friction clutch, the momentum of the flywheel also helps to overcome the gripping strain on the chuck. Obviously, when the chuck jaws e, as determined by the amount of rotation of the pinion 9, have opened sufiiciently far, one

l of the stop screws 54 will be brought into engagement with the pin 55 in such manner as to disconnect the driving friction and thereby stop the.

shaft 16. It will of course be understood that when a chuck having an expansible rather than 5 a contracting grip is used, the stop :screws will be correspondingly adjusted.

In my improved construction it will be noted that, since I use a constantly operating power source which is operable independently of the speed of the spindle or chuck, there is no limitation of the mechanism to use at low speeds suitable for cutting metal, while the mechanism is also operable regardless of'whether the spindle is operating. While obviously adaptedto be driven from any suitable power source and not limited to use'with a separate motor, it will also be noted that in the illustrative constructions, it-is made unnecessary to connect the opening and closing mechanism to any part of the lathe drive, thereby producing a mechanism which is capable of being viding, in eflectareservoir of additional power,

capable of being availed of at these moments .of maximum power requirement. More particularly, the flywheel supplements the action of the gear train by automatically supplying the additional energy or torque then required and which in a manually operateddevice is supplied by the powerful, muscular pull exerted by the operator as the final step in closing the jaws or the first step in, releasing the same. It will also be eve dent that the flywheel willso operate irrespec tive of whether a'directconnected motor drive is provided or the flywheel is driven from any other suitable source of .power. Also, through the provision of my improved friction mechanism, it will be evident that a friction'device is provided which is very satisfactory in its operation, the movement of either the shaft or' the sleeve result ing in a very effectual gripping action. At the same time, it will be evident that the torque may be adjusted and wear may be readily taken up as necessary by simply adjustingthe cones 23. As for the operating mechanism for this friction, it is also found that the plurality of segments operatingon opposite sides of the rack carried between the shaft sections provide 'a properly balanced and strong construction while adjustment of the parts with a minimum of effort on the part of the operator and through'the desired range, is obtained through the lever 38 and the connected mechanism between the same and the sleeve 32. Itwill also be evident that through the provision of the automatic :knock-out mechanism. it is made possible for'the' power to be disconnected automatically when the chuck jawshave opened to the desired degree, thereby assur ing disconnecting of the power at the proper time independently of the operator. It will also be evident that since the mechanism may be set to cause the jaws to open after moving through ti-ally speededunany actuation on the part 01' the operator or mistakes on his part being eliminated, and time alsobeing saved'as compared with those devices in which the jaws must move out to the ends of thejguides and there encounter resistance before they are disconnected. It will also be evident that my invention is capable of use with chucks of other forms than that described and claimed in my-patent, mentioned above. For example, my improved mechanism is adapted to use withjany type of chuck having a rotatable or revolvable actuz-iting member, whether the latter is required ;-to" make several revolutions, or a single revolution, or only a part of a revolution, in order to effect a jaw adjustment in the desired, direction. These and other. advantages of my improved construction will, however, be .clearly apparent to those skilled in the art. I

While I havein this application specifically described one embodiment which my invention may assume in practice, it will be understood that the same is shown for purposes of illustration only, and that the invention may be modified and embodied in various other forms without departing from its spirit or the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. The combination with a lathe having a power driven spindle and a chuck driven thereby and provided with jaw adjusting mechanism, of a power driven driving connection for said mechanism having a high speed flywheel rotatable by said connectionindependently of the speed of the lathe spindle and adapted to increase the impelling force of said driving connection.

2. In combination, a lathe having a power driven spindle and a chuck driven thereby and provided with jaw adjusting mechanism, and a power driven train of driving connections for said mechanism including a flywheel adapted to increase the impelling force of said driving connections, means for rotating said flywheel at high speed independently of the speed of the lathe spindle, and means for utilizing the kinetic energy of said flywheel to assist the power train at the beginning or end of reverse adjusting operations.

3. In combination, a lathe having a power driven spindle and a chuck thereon provided with adjustable jaw adjusting mechanism, and a power driven train of driving connections for said mechanism rotatable by power independently of the speed of the lathe spindle and including a flywheel operative to assist the power train in a jaw adjusting operation, and frictional controlling mechanism between said flywheel and said adjusting mechanism i. In combination, a lathe having a power driven spindle and a chuck thereon provided with revolvable jaw adjusting mechanism, and a power driven train of driving connections for said mechanism located externally of said spindle out of the path of stock fed to the chuck rotatable by power independently of the speed of the lathe spindle and including a flywheel operative to assist the power train in rotating said adjusting mechanism in either direction, and frictionally controlled reversing mechanism between said flywheel and said adjusting mechanism.

5. In combination, a lathe having a power driven'spindle and a chuck driven thereby provided with jaw adjusting mechanism, and power driven driving connections for the latter operative to adjust said chuck jaws irrespective of whether or not the chuck is rotating and rotatable by power independently of the chuck spindle and including a flywheel of large mass rotating at high speed and dominating said driving connections and mechanism for connecting said flywheel to the adjusting mechanism to assist in the operation of the latter.

6. In combination, a lathe having a power driven chuck provided with jaw adjusting mechanism, and power driven driving connections for the latter rotatable by power independently of the power driving means for the chuck and including a flywheel of large mass, flywheel driven connections simultaneously rotating in opposite directions, and friction mechanism for selectively connecting said connections to the adjusting mechanism having means for establishing difierent predetermined limits for gripping and releasing the work and manually adjustable control means adjustable between said limits.

'7. In combination, a power driven chuck, jaw

adjusting mechanism therefor including a rotating member, and power driven means for moving said member about its axis comprising a flywheel of large mass dominating said means and constantly rotating independently of the chuck at high speed in one direction to store energy and frictional means for controlling said stored energy to supply to said rotating member the additional different amounts of energy required when the chuck jaws engage or are released from the work.

8. The combination in a lathe having a rotatable chuck provided with jaws and jaw adjusting mechanism, 01 a power driven driving connection for said mechanism having a rotary power source and means for reversely actuating said mechanism therefrom, and mechanical means connectible to said mechanism by said means and rotatable by said power source with said connection independently of the chuck for imparting additional high torque initial or final jaw actuating movements to said mechanism when the chuck jaws release or engage the work.

9. The combination in a lathe having a power driven spindle and a chuck thereon provided with jaw adjusting mechanism, of a power driven driving connection for said mechanism having a high speed rotary power source and means for reversely actuating said mechanism therefrom, and rotating means of large mass in said connection connectible by said means and rotatable by said power source constantly in one direction at high speed independently of the spindle speed for imparting suflicient additional high torque initial or final jaw actuating tugs to said driving connection to overcome the resistance to jaw movement encountered when said chuck engages or releases the work.

10. In combination, a lathe having a power driven spindle and a chuck driven thereby and provided with jaw adjusting mechanism, a constantly rotating shaft rotatable by power independently of the speed of the lathe spindle irrespective of whether the latter is rotating or stationary, a flywheel constantly rotatablein one direction by said shaft and likewise rotatable independently of the speed of the lathe spindle, and means for selectively driving said jaw adjusting mechanism reversely from said shaft and transmitting to said mechanism the additional initial or final tugs of said flywheel of different energy when opening or closing said chuck. -11. In combination with a chuck having a coaxial rotatable jaw adjusting member, a rotatable opening and closing member rotatable on an axis extending in the same direction as the chuck axis and operatively connected to said jaw adjusting member, a power driven driving shaft rotatable on an axis at right angles to the axis of said opening and closing member, and reversible driving mechanism between said shaft and said opening and closing member including a friction clutch having oppositely rotating friction elements disposed coaxially of said opening and closing member and controlling said mechanism and manually adjustable control means for adjusting said friction clutch. to selectively connect said elements. 7

12. In combination with a chuck having a coaxial rotatable jaw adjusting member, a rotatable opening and closing member rotatable on an axis extending in the same direction as the chuck axis and operatively connected to said jaw adjusting member, a powerdriven shait rotatable onan axis at right anglesto the axis of said opening and closing member, and reversible driving mechanism between said shaft and said opening and closing member including reverse gearing having oppositely rotating membersdisposed coaxially with saidopening and closing member and also including a friction clutch controlling said gearing and adapted to permit lostmotion between said shaft and opening and closing member while transmitting power to the latter.

l3j-In a lathe, the combination of a chuck rotatable on a horizontal axis, jaw adjusting mechanism therefor, reversing mechanism including oppositely rotating gears disposed adjacent the chuck axis and having their axes extending longitudinally of the latter and-means for selectively connecting said gears frictionally to said adjusting mechanism, and rotating means for said gears operative independently of the chuck and including a gear adjacent the chuck axis and driving said gears in opposite directions, a shaft driving said gear-and disposed perpendicularly to the axis of the chuck and adjacent the latter, and a flywheel on said shaft. 1

14. In alathe,the combination of a chuck rotatable on a horizontal axis, jaw adjusting mechanism therefor, reversing mechanism including oppositely rotating gears disposed above the chuck axis and having their axes extending longitudinally of the latter and means for-selectively connecting said gears frictionally to said adjusting mechanism, rotating means for said gears operative irrespective of whether or not the chuck'is rotating and including a gear above the chuck axis and driving said gears in opposite directions, a shaft driving said gear and-disposed perpendicularly to the'axis of the chuck and above the latter, and flywheel on said shaft, and controlling means for said selectively connecting l means operative in timed relation to jaw movement and automatically operative to disconnect said connecting means after a predetermined jaw movement.

15. In a lathe, the combination of a chuck rotatable on a horizontal axis, jaw adjusting mechanism therefor including an actuating member coaxial with the chuck and a driving pinion rotatable on an axis above the chuck axis and extending longitudinally thereof and operatively connected to said actuating member, reversing mechanism including oppositely rotating gears disposed above the chuck axis having their axes extending longitudinally of the latter and means for selectively connecting said gears frictionally to said adjusting mechanism, and rotating means for said gears operative independently of the chuck and including a gear above the chuck axis and driving said gears in opposite directions, a shaft driving said gear and disposed perpendicularly to the axis of the chuck and above the latter, a motor, and gearing between the latter and said shaft including a combined flywheel and gear.

16. A power operated jaw adjusting mechanism for the chucks of horizontal l'athes comprising a frame on the top ofithe lathe and having a rotatable jaw adjusting gear at one end thereof, oppositely rotating gears carried on said frame,

, frictionally controlled means carried on said frame'for selectively connecting said gears to said jaw adjusting gear, a horizontal power driven shaft carried on said frame disposed perpendicularly to the axis of said-jaw adjusting gear, and

j means: between saidshaftand said oppositely rotating gears for rotating the latter in opposite directions.

17. A power operated jaw adjusting mechanism for the chucks of horizontal lathes' comprising a frame on the top of the lathe and having a rotatable'jaw adjusting gear at one end thereof, oppositely rotating gears carried on said frame, frictionally controlled means carried on said frame for selectively connecting said gears to said jaw adjusting gear, a horizontal power driven shaft carried on said frame disposed perpendicularly to the axis of said jaw adjusting gear, means between said shaft and said oppositely rotating gears for rotating the latter in opposite directions, and a flywheel carried'on said shaft.

7 18. A power operated jaw adjusting mechanism for the chucks of horizontal lathes comprising a frame on the top of the lathe and having a rotatable jaw adjusting member at one end thereof, oppositely rotatingv gears carried on said frame, frictionally controlled means carried on said frame forselectively connecting said gears to said jaw adjusting member, a horizontal power driven shaft carried on said frame disposed perpendicu larly to the axis of said jaw adjusting gear, means between said shaftzandsaid gearsfor rotating the latter in opposite directions, and means carried on said'frame and rotatable with said jaw adjusting member automatically operative to disconnect said selectively connectible mechanism after a predetermined rotation of said adjusting member.

19. 'A power operated jaw adjusting mechanism for the chucks of horizontal lathes comprising a frame .on the top of the lathe and having a rotatable jaw adjusting gear at one end thereof, oppositely rotating gears carried on said frame for selectively connecting said gears to said jaw adjusting. gear including an adjusting lever 'pivotally mounted on said frame at one side of the axis of said jaw adjusting gear, a horizontal power driven shaft carried on said frame disposed perpendicularly to the axis of said jaw adjusting gear and extending to the opposite side of said axis rom the pivot of said adjusting lever, and means between said shaft and said gears for rotating the latter in opposite directions.

20. In combination with a lathe'having a chuck provided with jaw adjusting mechanism, a motor, and driving connections between said motor and said adjusting mechanism rotatable by'sa'id motor independently of the speed of said chuck and including a high speed flywheel adapted to" increase the impelling force of the driving connections and operative to assist in a jaw adjusting operation, and controlling mechanism between said flywheel and said adjusting mechanism.

21. In combination with a lathe having a chuck provided with jaw adjusting mechanism, a motor, and high speed driving connections between the same and said adjusting mechanism including a flywheel adapted to increase the impelling force of the'driving connections and rotatable on an axis perpendicular to the chuck axis and extending in the same direction as the axis of the motor armature and controlling mechanism between said flywheel and said adjusting mechanism.

22 In combination with a lathe having a chuck provided with jaw adjusting mechanism, power operated driving means including a flywheel rotatable on an axis perpendicular to the chuck axis, and drivin connections between said flywheel and said adjusting mechanismincluding-"friction controlledreversing mechanism rotatable on an axis extending in the same direction as thechuek axis and having means for establishing different predetermined limits for gripping and releasing the work and manually adjustable control means adjustable between said limits.

23. In combination with a lathe having a spindle and a chuck thereon provided with jaw adjusting mechanism, power operated mechanism for actuating said adjusting mechanism rotatable by power independently of the speed of said spindle and including a flywheel, oppositely rotating elements rotatable by said fly wheel, and manually controlled friction mechanism for selectively connecting said elements to said adjusting mechanism, all of said power operated mechanism being disposed externally of said spindle.

24. In combination with a lathe having a spindle and a chuck thereon provided with jaw adjusting mechanism, power operated mechanism for actuating said adjusting mechanism rotatable by power independently of the speed of said spindle and including a flywheel, reversely rotating elements driven by said flywheel, manually controlled friction mechanism for selectively connecting said elements to said adjusting mechanism, and means for differently limiting the range of said friction mechanism in closing and opening operations.

25. In combination with a lathe having a chuck provided with jaw adjusting mechanism, power operated mechanism for actuating said adjusting mechanism including a flywheel, oppositely rotating elements driven by said flywheel, manually controlled friction mechanism for selectively connecting said elements to said adjusting mechanism, and automatic controlling mechanism for said manually controlled mechanism operative automatically after a predetermined jaw movement.

26. In combination with a lathe having a power driven spindle and a chuck thereon provided with jaw adjusting mechanism, power driven mechanism for operating said adjusting mechanism comprising an actuating shaft for the latter, reversely operating mechanism, frictional reversing mechanism cooperating therewith and selectively connectible to rotate said shaft reversely, and driving means for said reversely operating mechanism including a flywheel between the latter mechanism and the source of power and rotatable by power independently of the speed of the lathe spindle.

27. In combination with a lathe having a power driven spindle and a chuck thereon provided with revolvable jaw adjusting mechanism, power driven mechanism for operating said adjusting mechanism comprising an actuating shaft for the latter, reversely operating mechanism, frictional reversing mechanism cooperating therewith and selectively connectible to different elements thereof to rotate said shaft reversely, a source of power, and operative connections between the same and said reversely operating elements including a flywheel on the lathe constantly connected to said elements and rotatable by power independently of the speed of the lathe spindle and operable to adjust said jaws irrespective of whether or not said chuck is rotating.

28. A power driven opening and closing mechanism for chuck jaws comprising a driving motor, a rotatable member operative to open and close the jaws of the chuck, and reversely operating driving gears, frictional reversing mechanism cooperating therewith and selectively connectible to different gears to rotate said member reversely, and operative connections between said motor and said reversely operating gears including a flywheel rotatable by power independently of the speed of the lathe spindle.

29. The combination with a lathe having a chuck provided with jaw adjusting mechanism, of power operated means for adjusting said mechanism including a source of power operable independently of the speed of rotation of the chuck, a flywheel driven by said source of power and rotatable thereby at high speed independently of the speed of the chuck, and means including manually adjustable control means between said flywheel and said adjusting mechanism for enabling the momentum of said flywheel to apply the increased power required during gripping and releasing the work irrespective of whether or not the chuck is rotating.

30. In combination with a chuck having jaw adjusting mechanism, power operated driving mechanism therefor, a member movable synchronously with the adjusting movement of the chuck jaws, and mechanism controlled by said member irrespective of the speed thereof and controlling the connection of power to said jaws.

31. In combination with a chuck having jaw adjusting mechanism, power operated driving mechanism therefor, a member actuated by said driving mechanism and movable thereby synchronously with the adjusting movement of the chuck jaws, and automatic knock-out mechanism actuated by said member and controlling the adjustment of said jaws.

32. In combination with a chuck having jaw adjusting mechanism, power operated driving mechanism therefor including a member movable synchronously with the adjusting movement of the chuck jaws, and automatic mechanism actuated after a predetermined travel of said member and controlling the connection of power to said jaws.

33. In combination with a chuck having jaw adjusting mechanism, power operated mechanism for actuating said mechanism including a member moving progressively into interrupting position as said jaws are opened irrespective of 120 the speed of the power operated mechanism, and mechanism actuated by said member for interrupting said opening operation after a predetermined opening movement of said jaws.

34. In combination with a chuck having jaw 125 adjusting mechanism, power operated mechanism for actuating said mechanism having means for interrupting said actuation after a predetermined movement of said jaws, and means for adjusting the extent of movement in accordance with the requirements of the work.

35. In combination with a chuck having jaw adjusting mechanism, power operated mechanism operative to actuate the same to open and close the chuck jaws, and supplemental automatically acting means independent of the speed of said power operated mechanism and moving synchronously with jaw movement in one direction for controlling said adjusting mechanism and interrupting jaw movement.

36. In combination with a chuck having jaw adjusting mechanism, power operated operating mechanism for said mechanism including a manually applied friction device, and means independent of the resistance to jaw movement for 145 automatically releasing the friction device irrespective of the operators efforts to apply the same.

37. In combination with a chuck having J'aw adjusting mechanism, power operated operating 15G sci {T grip controlling mechanism,

mechanism'for said mechanism including a friction device, and means independent of the resistance offered by thework for automatically releasing the friction device aftera predeterminedjaw adjustment. I

38. In combination with a chuck having jaw adjusting mechanism, power operated operating mechanismfor said mechanism including a friction device, and means independent of the resistance to jaw movement for releasing the frictiondevice including a power driven member moving synchronously with a jaw and a friction knock-out actuated by said member.

39. In combination with a chuck having jaw adjusting mechanism, power operated operating mechanism for said mechanism including a friction device having manually adjustable friction grip controlling mechanism, and power driven controlling mechanism for controlling the operation of said last mentioned mechanism. Y

40. In combination with a chuck having jaw adjusting mechanism, power operated operating mechanism for said mechanism including a friction device having manually adjustable friction and controlling mechanism for said last mentioned mechanism movable in predetermined relation to and synchronously with jaw movement.

41. In combination with a chuck having jaw adjusting mechanism, power operated operating mechanism for said mechanism including afriction device having manually adjustable friction grip controlling mechanism and manually adjustable control means therefor, and safety means automatically operative to control the actuation of the latter to interrupt the power drive after the jaws have moved relative to one another a predetermined distance.

42. In combination with a chuck having jaw adjusting mechanism, power operated operating mechanism for said-mechanism including a friction device having manually adjustable friction grip controlling mechanism, and safety means automatically operative to interrupt the power drive before the friction device slips even when the latter is manually loaded.

43. The combination with a chuck having jaw adjusting mechanism and power operating mechanism therefor, of mechanism for releasing said operating mechanism movable thereby synchronously with the movement of said adjusting mechanism irrespective of the speed of said power operated mechanism or of the resistance offered by the work.

44. The combination with a chuck having jaw adjusting mechanism and power operated operating mechanism therefor, of mechanism for releasing said operating mechanism in response to a predetermined extent of movement of said jaw adjusting mechanism movable by said operating mechanism synchronously withthe movement of saidadjusting mechanism, and means for adjusting said releasing mechanism as the work requires ,cadjustment to establish different limits for grip.-

ping and releasing the work.

45. The combination with a chuck having jaw adjusting mechanismand power operated operating mechanism therefor, of mechanism-for releasing, said operating mechanism movable thereby synchronously with the movement of said adjusting mechanism, and means for adjusting said releasing mechanism asthe work requires including provision for disconnecting said releasing mechanism from'said power operatingmechanism.

46. The combination witha chuck having jaw adjusting mechanism and power operated operating mechanism therefore, of mechanism for releasingsaid operating mechanism movable thereby synchronously with the movement of said adjusting mechanism, and means for adjusting said releasing mechanism as the work requires including provision for disconnecting said releasing mechanism from said power operating mechanism and a member thereby released for manual adjustment of saidreleasing mechanism.

i7. The'combination with a chuck having jaw adjusting mechanism and power operated operating mechanism therefor, of means for releasing said operating mechanism movable thereby synchronously with the movement of said adjusting mechanism and including a threaded member rotated as the jaws are adjusted, and releasing mechanism. actuated by said threaded member.

48. I'he combination with a chuck having jaw adjusting mechanism and power operated operating mechanism therefor, of mechanism for releasing said power operated mechanism operable by power synchronously with said adjusting mechanism and including a threaded member, and means whereby the powerdrive of said releasing mechanism maybe disconnected while retaining said threaded member operatively connected to said releasing mechanism.

49; 'The combination with a chuck having jaw adjusting mechanism and power operated operating mechanism therefor, of mechanism for releasing said power operating mechanism operable thereby synchronously with said adjusting mechanism and including a threaded member and a sector movable thereby, and means for adjusting said releasing mechanism as the work requiresincluding adjustable'stop means on saidsector.

50. In combination with a chuck having a rotatable jaw adjusting member, an opening and closing mechanism for said chuck having a rotatable opening and closing member rotatable on an axis'disposed longitudinally of the-chuck axis and operatively connected to said jaw adjusting member, reversible friction mechanism disposed coaxially with said opening and closing member and including a shaft driving the latter, a reciprocable friction sleeve on said shaft, cc-operating friction means for connecting said sleeve and shaft for reverse operation of the latter, and friction controlling mechanism including lever mechanism operating between said shaft and said sleeve.

51. In combination with a chuck having a rotatable jaw adjusting member, an opening and closing mechanism for said chuck having a rotatable' opening and closing member operatively connectedto-saidjaw adjusting member, a shaft for said opening and closing member having an intermediate rack section, reversible friction mechanism operative to rotate said shaft in oppcsite directions,- and operating mechanism for saidfriction mechanism including a toothed member engageable with said rack section.

52. In combination with a chuck having a ro tatable jaw adjusting member, an opening and closingmechanism for said chuck having a rotatable opening and closing member operatively connectedto said jaw adjusting member, a shaft for said opening and closingmember having: in-

termediate rack sections on opposite sides of the same, reversible friction mechanism operative to rotate said shaft in oppositedirections,and op-- crating 'mechanism for said friction.mechani sm 150 including toothedmembers each engageable with V a different rack section. I

53. In combination with a chuck having a rotatable jaw adjusting member, an opening and, closing mechanism for said chuck having a rotatable opening and closing member operatively connected to said jaw adjusting member, a shaft for said opening and closing member having an intermediate rack section, reversible friction 'mechanism operative to' rotate the same in opposite directions including a sleeve reciprocable on said shaft, and operating mechanism for said friction mechanism including a winged segment on said sleeve engageable with said rack section, and a cooperating sleeve movable longitudinally of said first mentioned sleeve to operate said winged segment. I

' 54. In combination with a chuck having a rotatable jaw adjusting member, an opening and closing mechanism for said chuck having a rotatable opening and closing member operatively connected to said jaw adjusting member, a shaft for said opening and closing member having intermediate rack sections on opposite sides of the same, reversible friction mechanism coaxial with said shaft and operative to rotate the same in opposite directions including a reciprocable sleeve, and operating mechanism for said friction mechanism including winged segmentscarried by said sleeve and engageable with said rack sections and means for reversely operating said segments.

55. In cembination witha chuck having a rotatable jaw adjusting member, a controlling mechanism for said chuck having a rotatable opening and closing member operatively connected to said jaw adjusting member, friction nechanism disposed coaxially with said opening and closing member and operative to rotate the same in opposite directions including a shaft and co-operating friction means having a member movable longitudinally of said shaft, and actuating mechanism for said friction mechanism including a sleeve movable relative to said longitudinally movable friction member, friction operating means actuated by said sleeve, an external rack bar movable with said sleeve, and a' toothed segment cooperating with said rack bar.

56. In a controlling mechanism for chuck opening and closing mechanisms, a rotatable opening and closing member having a shaft, friction mechanism disposed coaxially therewith and operative to rotate said member in opposite directions including a friction member movable longitudinally of said shaft, actuating mechanism for said friction mechanism including a sleeve movable relative to said friction member, fric tion actuating means actuated by said sleeve, an external rack bar movable with said sleeve, and

.. operating mechanism for said bar including a toothed segment engaging said rack bar, and means for establishing different predetermined limits for gripping and releasing the work including means for"differently adjustably limiting the movement of said bar in opposite directions.

57. In combination with chuck jaw adjusting mechanism, an actuating member therefor, reversely rotating driving members, a shaft disposed coaxially of said members and carrying said actuating member, a sleeve reciprocable relative to said shaft, spaced oppositely disposed cones on said shaft and sleeve including cones on each a selectively engageable with said driving members, and means for moving selected cones on said shaft and sleeve in opposite directions into engaging position.

58. In a chuck opening and closing mechanism, a rotatable opening and closing member, a shaft driving said member rotatable reversing gears on said shaft having oppositely disposed friction surfaces, a plurality of f "iction cones'carried on said shaft co-operating with certain of said surfaces, a plurality of co-operating friction cones co-operating *with others of said surfaces and coaxial with said shaft, and a reciprocating sleeve on said shaft intermediate said gears and carrying said cones engageable with said other surfaces.

59. In a chuck opening and closing mechanism, a rotatable opening and closing member, a shaft driving said member, rotatable reversing gears on said shaft each having oppositely disposed conical friction surfaces, and a plurality df cooperating friction cones cooperating therewith and carried on said shaft certain of said cones on said shaft being adjustable to take up wear and certain of the same being reciprocable on said shaft to effect reversal of the rotation thereof. 7,

60. In a chuck opening and closing mechanism, a rotatable opening and closing member, a shaft driving the same, rotatable reversing gears on said shaft each having oppositely disposed conical friction surfaces a plurality of friction cones cooperating therewith and on said shaft, certain of said last mentioned cones on said shaft being adjustable to take up wear and certain others being reciprocable to effect reverse driving of said shaft, and friction adjusting means also having operative connections to said shaft.

61. An opening and closing mechanism for chucks comprising a shaft extending longitudinally of a chuck and carrying a rotating opening and closing member operatively connected to the chuck jaws, a shaft perpendicular to said shaft, reversing gears on said first mentioned shaft and driven by said last mentioned shaft, and friction mechanism between saidgears and likewise on said first mentioned shaft for selectively connecting said gears to said shaft including means for establishing different predetermined limits for gripping and releasing the Work and manually adjustable control means adjustable between said limits. g a

62. An opening and closing mechanism for chucks comprising a shaft carrying a rotating opening and closing member, a shaft perpendicular to said shaft, reversing gears and an inter mediate friction mechanism for connecting said shafts, andknock-out mechanism for said friction mechanism geared to said first mentioned shaft.

63. An opening and closing mechanism for chucks comprising a frame, a shaft carrying a rotating opening and closing member, a shaft perpendicular to said shaft, reversing gears and an intermediate friction mechanism connecting said shafts, and knock-out mechanism for said friction mechanism including a shaft driven by said first'mentioned shaft, a segment operated by said driven shaft, a friction controlling mechanism, and means on a part of the latter operated by said segment.

64. In combination with a rotatable chuck opening and closing member, a shaft carrying member, means for adjustably limiting the move- 1 ment of said movable member, and. means operajustably limiting the movement of said bar, and means operatively connected to said shaft for automatically shifting said bar after a predetermined rotation of said rotatable member, said last mentioned mechanism including mechanism adjustable to vary the moment of shifting of said bar.-

LU'CIUS E. WHITON.

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