US177467A - Improvement in furnaces and boiler-settings - Google Patents

Description

T. R. BU'TMAN A FURNACE A ND BOILER SETTING.

N0f177467, .Patented May 16, 1876.

yNJERS, PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHER. WASHlNGTON. D. C.

Z Sheets-Sheet 2.

V T. R.,B.U TMAN. FURNACE AND BQILER SETTING.

Patented Mayl, 1876.

ILPERS, PHOT-LITHUGRIPHER. WASHiNGTQN, D C.

UNITED STATES PATENT THOMAS n. BUTMAN, OF MILAN, OHIO.

- IMPRVEMEN'I.' IN FURNACES AND BOILER-SETTINGS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. [77,467e dated May 16, 1876; application filed March 16, 1s7c.

To all whom it may concern 4 Be it known that I, THOMAS R. BUTMAN, of Milan, in the county of Erie and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Im provements in Furnaces and Boiler-Settings; and `I do hereby Vdeclare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art to whichit ap. pertains to make and use the same, reference beinghad to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

'My invention is applicable to a variety of boilers, but I will illustrate it by means ofthe common cylindrical ue or tubular boiler and its objects are, iirst, the avoidance of blistering or burning the boiler where the -sediment or incrustation is well known to accumulate; second, the nearly perfect combustion of fuel by the introduction of the proper supply of oxygen, or what is well known as atmospheric air; third, the proper impingement `of the ame upon the sides of the boiler fourth, the disposition of the fuelin such a manner that all the. combustible gases will be consumed, and thereby the avoidance of smoke, and economy in fuel. y

Figure 1 is a central vertical longitudinal section of a boiler and'furnace,-showing the division-plate in the hollow division-wall, and` also the heating pipe in the uptake. Fig. 2 is a cross -section through the smokebox, illust-rating the smoke box. part-ly broken away, and the two branches of the heatingpipe. Fig. 3 illustrates a horizontal central section, showing the concave side and the conical end detlector, by which the .heat is fiercely thrown back, and stron g im pact given to the How, whereby it is made to impinge witligreater force upon the sides and fines.l Fig. 4 shows a cross-section at the rear end of the boiler and setting, with the depending diaphragm or-partition G extending from the roof of the reverberatory chamber to the top, and extending down theside of the boiler to a point below the water-line. This figure also illustrates the configuration of the concave sides of the dame-chamber in cross-section, and also the form of the reverberatory or dead chamber on upper sides or top of boiler, and back of pendent partition. Fig. 5 illustrates section ofthe hollow perforated division-wall,

and the location of the separating-plate by which it is divided.

- I will now proceed to describe the nature f of the first feature of my invention, viz., the

blistering or burning ot' a boiler where the sediment collects or accumulates. As, for example, it is too often the case that theinterual deposit is so extensive on the` plates acted on by the iiame that the A heat cannot'reach the y water before burning theplates, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4, where the sediment settles mostly in a boiler. The efect of this deposit or incrustation on the heating-surfaces is that in proportion to the amount of solid matter accumulated, combined with the non-conduct ive property, so will the evaporation .be retarded, and the relative plate exposed to the action of the ame be burned, so that two evils are produced actually from one cause, viz., the burning of the boiler-plate, and the non-evaporation of steam. N ow, to remedy this defect is the object of the iirst feature of my invention.

In setting my boiler I locate a hollow wall, running longitudinally with the length of the boiler. rIhis walldividesthefurnace-chamber or fire-box, and is provided at its sides with horizontal slits, through which air is forced. The wall runs also up tothe bottom or central vertical line of the boiler, and the slits arranged above the tirebed.

Now, the air may or may not beheated, but preferably heated before entering the wall or partition 5 but, if n ot, the air in most cases .will

be sufficiently heated by passing through the hollow wall'itself. The air thus supplied to the hollow wall is forced out in thin. sheets over the fuel, from both sides of. said wall,

toward the sides ofthe tire-box from the Vertical axis of the boiler, and, of course, away from the center or bottom, Where the sediment most accumulates, and, as a natural contains the most latent heat, which, Whenliber ated, becomes sensible heat. Oxygen is the gas of the greatest density, and, therefore, heavier than the other gases, and is the chief gas in combustion, and causes flame. Hydrogen is the most inflammable gas, which, when added toV oxygen, increases the brilliancy 'of the flame or ignition.

Now, to properly distribute the above and other gases-whereby the bestafnity'is ef fected, and mingling of all the gases to promote the best and most complete combustionis the objectof the second feature Iof my invention. As before stated, and as will be'seen by reference to the drawings, I place in combination two sets lof fire-bars, whichv are fed, chiefly, alternately. I then place my hollow wall between these two'sets of grates, and I also divide my ash-pit by a partition-Wall running and abut-ting against another partitionwall running crosswise the' furnace ash-pit'at right anglesto its sides. TheA upper hollow wall may be called a hollow caloriiic plate, being provided with a central'partition-plate. The-caloritic plate or wall is alsoprovided with slits, as before described, and the air, being supplied in the required quantity, forces itself' through the slits or openings'above the incandescent fuel, and then mingles'with the gases and other products of combustion, when an affinity at once takes place, and a complete combustion of the wholeis produced. As' before stated, the air may or may not be heated before entering the ca'loriic box or wall. Thus the emission of smoke is prevented, the gases consumed, and intense heat the result; also a large percentage in thc economy of fuel gained.

Having set forth the object and manner of uniting the most prominent combustibles, I will now proceed to describe their action, as

produced by my arrangement, and embodies the third feature of my invention The action of the flame relates to the opportunity of the heat to pass through the boiler-plate to enter the Water to generate steam, which, to accom-v plish in the best manner is that the ame 'must heat or cause an impact on the plate.

With the land-boilers'of th e Cornish type set in brick-work, the ame acts on the fines or bottom of the boiler in an'undulating manner,

and then returns through the flne's to the forward end. Now, the actionof the flame when passing through those fines is entirely dependent on their width, because if they are too wide the llame has space to undulate and glides Vlightly on the plate, and if they are too narrow the ameis checked on its passage; but with proper width, which I have given by my concave sides and reverberatory top, the llame impinges at an angle upon the plate, and

therefore the heat has time-which is opportunityto enter through the Water upon all sides, except, perhaps, the bottom,'where the sediment most accumulates. The flame, on turning into the due, glides fiercely on the plate, because it turns at right angles in its line of progression by means of the back conical deflecting wall and thev pendent partition over the rear end ofthe boiler,the common pittingor indentations being thus avoided. The sediment portions of boiler not being subject to intense heat,the water takes'up, through the clean boiler-sheets, the heat to such an extent that the water ashes into steam, the dis'- placement causing great agitation of the wamay be desired, by which arrangement the current of air entering at the lower part of the furnaceor through the air-pipe, which I prefer to locate in the chimney or uptake, passes' through the caloriiic 'plate or double hollow box, and thence between the fire and bridge,

and is thus so intensely heated as to'continuously produce the entire combustion of the gaseous products of the fuel, and thus yprevent'the ordinary formation of smoke. in effect, a double4 furnace, coniined to the limits of, and economically applicable to, any common type of boiler 5 has all the advantages of a hot-blast without the cost of anyy pneumatic apparatus, if so desired 5 is so constructed uniformly to distribute and keep up the requisite combustion in boiler-furnaces; and, and while most effectually preventing' the annoyance of smoke, and the usual deposit of soot in the flues, it causesan average saving f of-a large percentage in the quantity of fuel` consumed,and also admits of the substitution of the cheapest for that of the dearest quality. Now, to further explain my invention and theI nature thereof, so that those skilled in theA art vmay more readily understand it. I will referlmore in detail to the accompanying drawings,'and letters of reference marked thereon, and which indicate like parts invall the Iigures.

A, Fig. v1, exhibits'thehot-air pipe lo-` cated within the uptake or chimney, and by which the products of combustion escaping up chimney are utilized, and which is a great desideratum in the economy of fuel. The end It is,

may be forced in a horizontal line from the` extreme bottom of boiler and against the concave sides, which, in their turn, deiiect the flame fiercely against the sides of the boiler, thereby making them :lick? said sides, while in so doing give up, in a great measure, their entire heat, and upon such portions of the boiler where the sediments do not accumulate. P represents said concave sides; I may also here remark that these concave sides are made of tire-brick or any suitable or refractory material; and when the iire is withdrawn the heat taken up during the operation vof the furnace isreturned by these sides, and given oft' while the boiler is at rest or beingblown out, so that in the morning, when the, fire is started to resume work, the water in the boiler is nearly at boiling-point.

The rear conical deflector F and the reverberatory top also assist in making up the above results. rGr represents the pendent partition or deiiector, the functions of which have been heretofore described. D represents the ash-pitpartitionwall, running back and abutting against the transverse wall L. The functions of this wall are' to govern the quantity of atmosphereic air which may be allowed to either of the furnaces proper, and at the same time prevent cold air passing under the boiler back of the'bridge-Wall H. By this arangement Vthe fire may be more or less intense in either furnace, and the gases of the fresh fuel of'one furnace subjected to and commingled with the hot gases of the other, and thus consumed. Nrepresents the back or secondary bridge-wall. This wall andpendent partitionwall,with conical defleetor F, perform avery important office in the grand total, viz: the prevention of the flame above the water-line, and at the same time retaining the heat in the reverberatory chamber formed on upper sides or top of boiler, which serves as a superheater for the steam aswell as promoting its geueration. This chamber, formed by the elements above mentioned, also `bosoms the heat, the deilector throwing it back and with great force of impact against the end of the boiler, and into the return-lines.

Thus it will be seen that nearly all if not quite the entire heat of the furnace is taken up and utilized, thereby saving a large percentage of the fuel now wasted.

Having now fully described my invention, and the mode of operating the same, what I claim as new, and desire to secure'by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination, with one or more boilers, .of the caloriic hollow wall C, longitudinally arranged, whereby the intense heat is` prevented from burning the bottom of the boiler, substantially as described.

2. The combination of the hollow calorific wall C with the two sets of grates and the boiler, said wall being provided with horizontal slits, whereby the proper supply of air is so distributed that all the combustible gases are consumed, substantially as described, and

vfor the purpose set forth.

3. The combination, in a'furnace, of the con- 'cave' side walls and conical deflecting end wall, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

4. .The combination of the pendent partition. G, the wall F, the secondary bridge-Wall N, and the side walls, whereby the intense name is prevented from impinging upon the boiler above the water-line, .substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

5. The combination of the division ash-pit wall D, the hollow caloriiic wall C, the crosswall H, with the double nre-grate of the furnace, substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

' 6.- The combinationof the hollow horizontalslitted caloric wall C, the hot-air pipe A, with the boiler, substantially as described.

7. The combination, in the boiler-furnaces, of the longitudinal division-wall l), and transverse wall H, forming the bridge-wall of the furnace, and the cross-partition wall of the ashpit, whereby the cold air is prevented from passing under the boiler in the rear of bridgewall, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

8. The hollow slitted wall C, division ashpit wall l), boiler O, concave side walls P, conical dei'lecting wall F,v pendent partition G, wall N, cross ash-pit wall H, and hot-air pipe A, combined and arranged to operate in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I aix my signature in presence oftwo witnesses. l

' THOMAS R. BUTMAN.

Witnesses:

DANIEL BREED, FRED. G. DIETERIOH.

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