US1575810A - Surface condenser - Google Patents

Description

P. A.l BANCEL SURFACE CONDENSER March 9 Original Filed Oct. y15, 1924 WVM/ZZ r/f/l 7///// 7/74 m. x

- PatentedA Mer. 9, 1926.

.unirse erstes. rn'rnnr orrlcln@- PAUL A. RANGEL, OF NUTLEY, NEW EBSEY, ASSGNOR T0 INGERSDLL-RAND GOM- PANY, I? JERSEY C'ZY, NEW JERSEY, A CRPQRTl-N OF NEW JERSEY.

SURFACE CONDENSER.

Original application filed October 15,

To all Lv/mm ma!) conca/'n -Be it known'that l, PAUL A. BANCEL, a citizen of theA United States, and a resident of Nutley, county of Essex, and State 'of New Jersey, have invented a certain Surface Condenser, oi which the following is e specificetion accompanied by drawings.

This invention relates to surface condensers and more -particulerly to that type of l0 tubes extending 'longitudinally through a chamber across the path of the steam flow.

This application is la division of cepending application of Paul A. Bancel Serial No. f 743,695, ined, Deister-15, 192i.

ln single pass condcnsers having Water tubes over which steamv to be condensed posses or condo-users so designedthat all of the tubes passed over by the steam between the point ci entrance of steam end the point of vexit of non-condensable vapor and air have Water flowing the seme direction, the tubes are cooler at the inlet portions than at their outlet because in passing through the tubes, the water is warmed from the heat absorbed, and in condensing the steam the Water temperature rises pro essively along the len th of the tubes in t e direction or water ow. The eect ot' this temperature condition is to decrease the capacity oii the Water to condense steam `in sections of the condenser relatively remote from.. the water inlet. In condensers-heving two or more passes, the conditions eredenticel if the low -is toward a central air outlet, or the same general effect is observed. vWhfenjthe air youtlet is at the end of the lower pass, for the reason that a greater part ot the condensetion takes place in the upper tubes and the lower tubes condense a. relatively small quantity of steam, their purpose being rather to cool the mixture 'of uncondensable air and Vapor.

As steam is condensed more rapidly in the cool end ,of a single pass condenser than at the Warm end,there. must be a larger flow through that end than at; the Warm end in order to supply suiiicient steam to the lowermost tubes. This would cell for a greater loss of pressure et one end of the condenser Athan at the other, which is ordinarily imossible since the whole lowerrncst section 1s n free communication with the vacuum surface condenser comprising surface cooler I 1824, Serial No. 7%,695 Divided and this application led June 30, i925. Serien No. 40,512.

tact with the lowermost tubes et the cold end and thus condensers of this type heretoforeQ h-:Lve been inefficient toa certain extent 1n 60 'that there is provided a certain amount of cooling vsurface which does not condense steam. l the vacuum pump 1s operated t0 drew steam down into the condenser lnto lcontact with all portions of the tubes, un-

condensed steam will pass through the Warm end and be drawn from the outlet; 'lhisis undesirable since additional means must b e provided to condense the steam which' has passed through the condenser. v

lt is an object e y oi this invention to apportion the steam in the Various parts of the condenser so as to produce substantially the suine depth oli' penetration throughout and to utilize the entire available cooling surface of the condenser. This object is accomplished in this instance by dividing the c ondenser into sections utilizing for ,this purpose partitions which may be' the usual tube p supporting plates and defleeting the steam '90 toward the cooler section by bunchngthe tubes to resist the flow in the warmer section.-

'lhe invention will be more clearly understood by reference to the accompanying drawing forming part of the specification and in which there is illustrated a diagrammatic representation oan embodiment of the invention in which the greater part of the steam is directed to the cooler section of the condenser by bunching the tubes in the 90 Warmer section.

Referring to the drawing the condenser consists of an outer shell of the usual form having a steam inlet B and outlet C for the Withdrawal of condensate and 1111- condensable gases. The shell A is preferebly long and is traversed by a lurality of tubes D supplied with Water From the Water head E dischar ing into a head F at the opposite end o the condenser. A i tube su port in the form of a drilled plete G divi es the space within the shell A into two compartments, one being comparatively cool as it includes that portion of the watertubes near the water heed E and the other 105 compartment being relatively warm as it is all near the .discharge head containing Water which has already absorbed heat in condensing steam.

The steam pressure is uniform everywhee. 1n the lnlet B. Thls pressure wlnchis a par to the right hand on account of the cooler Water ,because this would necessitate unequal pressure drops. What happens thereforeis a condition ot equilibrium in which thc steam penetrates only partly as 'far at the cool enl. a greater steam velocity through fewer rows, balancing lesser velocity through more rows. 'lhis results in a loss ol ellicicney because in that case some of the tubes in the cooler section will not function, the steam haring been condensed before. reachingr thenl, 'lo avoid this loss in ellicicncy, means is provided for directing an increased llow or passage of steam to that section in which the tendency of stcani is to penetrate to a less depth on account of the greater heat absorbing capacity.

ln accordance with this invention, the flow of steam l'roni the inlet ll is directed through the relati\ely cool and warm sections otl the condenser in proportions corresponding to their relative steam condensing ci paeity by providing a passage through the cool` section of less resistance to the llow oll steam than in the warm section. This is accomplished by bending up a row et" tubc preferably the second to project into tl first roe et' tubes. llunchmuslo ing of the tubes D in this manner produces greater restriction to the flow of steam in the Warm section and results in greater de ths of penetration at the cool end, resu ting;l inthe desired increasein efiicieney. The increased flow in velocity of the steam resulting in a' slight increase of friction loss is offset by the larger and less restricted path at the cool end as compared vwithv that of .the warmer section.

I claim:

l. A condenser having tubes withdifferent temperatures along their length resulting in unequalcapacities for condensing steam in vertical sections along their length, said tubes being hunched in one of the sentions for obtaining substantially equal depths .of penetration'of steam in all sections along the length of the condenser.

2i A condenser' having tubes with different temperatures along their length resulting in. unequal capacities for condensing;` steam in vertical sections along their length, certain -ot said tubes being hunched at the warm ends ot the tubes to restrict the pas- 'sage olL steam in the` vertical sections in which the heat absorbing capacity is less vto increase the depth ot penetration in the ln testimony whereof I have signed thisy specification.

PAUL A. BANCEL.

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