US1575369A - Burner for liquid fuel - Google Patents

Description

March 2, 1926. 1,575,369

- E. JUILLARD BURNER FOR LIQUID FUEL Filed July 11, 1923 Fig.7.

Patented Mar. 2, 1926.

COMPANY OF SWITZERLAND.

' cmmon socmm litoiq zmE, OF GHATELA'INE, mum GENEVA, swmmmen, A

iiiiitfiizirt Edit LICl'UIi iihiit.

Aiipl iatiexi files; 11,

To all whom it tantam- Be it kI iOWI I iJhZLii 1 Items JUlLLAfiD a eit i'zen (if Sttitzeflafid, tes'icliflfg at Geneva, Canton of Geneva, ir the Ceil- 5 fedei'zitidh of Switz erlttild, hgtve iiitehtegi cei'tairi new al'ifd tiseful Iffiprevenients m Burners tel Liquid Fuel, of which the follewirig is a specificittien.

This inv'e'iitioh i'eletes to htu'ners fdl' liqdid feel :tnd ifioi'e peftidfilerlyte that class (if hiifp'eis which {ire tidapted to? the 11sec). very light liquid fuel such as petrol o ut tt lncli may serve equally ale Well" tot-burn ing fuels which are viscolis, such fer in- The huifiei' dc'icordiligto thy int'eiitioii is ehei'tcteiized by the fact thetit is ptdvidled with twevnmfi tiihes, brie of which with it cbin'fjzii'etit ely small free cross section surroimds the openifig ofthe spr'aly nozzle aiiipl serft es'j to ce sethe fl wi'ng out (if the feel afid its atomtzing if its on'siimpt-ion 1s Whilst the other Vehtui'i tiibe O'IE ieletitelj ltiige fr' ee tress sectiqil' is edep'ted the" fiettiii'g" out" of the feel lfid its tomizanever the ceiisuriiptiefi (if fuel is example it form 'et the hi'iiner acte ihtehtioh enci ,itnothei' o'he desoliiewhlt frefri the deslgii ofrthe Fig.1 is" a, centrtfl lengitildifiel sectlon f an oil burner made in accdrlexice with my ifii enti eh.

Eli: 2 is fi'ont el ex' etidn of thejs'ame.

3 is a plain of the same, and v 4 is" a; partial s'ectio fi illustrating a ihoglifititt form of the invention k eofdihg to this Wo'rkihg form the i (if thefittihg a is of a cyli'ncl' 'ical form aiidlitis eh its fight hand side a flange a will (it xfhe'erth net shewh and in which the combustion is w take place. On the mi ls 6f the member a a spray nozzle is affztnged which on its: right has a: cenieal end part b; This nozzle supplieti with fuel a cbhtaiini' in Whieh the level of the liqhid feet is kept cefis'tant, for instance bt'wefi 0 ziIi'd 150 Thin; below the ax s Of a.

we. gem 6mm;

Albiihcl the nozzle 7) is atranged cyliib areal-tube 0 whose 'c bnicztl end time: stitut's the zibO'Ve iiierltiorl'eti' Ventiiri tilhe 0' 6f siniill flee dros s'ebtionqvhich sili'fdlifids the openin of the iie'zzle b. The tuhe 0 is rigidly cefil'iected tb 2i shell tl which is hi self-ted" irite part al bit the mange end is ilso rigidly fiXetl to it by hieztns ct the legs a into which this pert eh its left hafitl is divided, ihiclh serew bolt and nut The inner Wall of the shell kl is provided with a screw thread for receivingat etrresptnqiligly thi'e'zitletl Inlilbl f which is" rigidly" eennectefd tothe nozzle 6 Mid ti) c'bhtte'L liiig whee B'y turning said ediitl ellir'ig wheel 9 the openifig; of the riozz'le b may be displaced Withiii the thhe c;

By means, foi lrlstatice of ii fin cein-v pi'es'sedeii' is iiitreilticec'l tlitough ib'ipe h t0 the deep a provided for lnth braneh a" of the fitting; mid l'ezitlingto 5t (lilct it" of art a? which clll'ct ezitei'itls tb the flefige at.

On the right hand ex of this (wet w, a

sleeve 1; is'ilhtrfchicetl whose bare eb'nstitufes the steam of the Vehtfifi tithes inentiofied aboi e'. Its iliteficr lizisth ferni ef tv'te obtuse came cbiitzttii'ig with theii sin illei' feces and itstre cies's' sectieii isrejthe't .lztrge aec mpared with thzitot the tube 0 This slee /e 2' is igidly fixed inte the fitting a but the pbsitioh Of the etttfifew 'ojeefiing oi the tube c with fe'gei'cl t6 the srrial'l'est' cress section oi s'leeirei is eldjtisti hle by displschi'g t ihe owithih the plfi'tci d a throttle vane j is rovidegl; which may be acljil'ste'cl hy ih'ehns ct key j 6i by rheahs of it chaih pinio'ri 3' cehtfclledhy a goveinoi'. epe'tttin gthe thtettleNalVe the Iii the debt.

volume ofthe he zhrivihg through the ditch n eete cl with the interior (if tuhe thidiig'h -g manner of this" bii'iliei is as The speed of the air is sufiiciently great to atomizethe fuel. Besides the nozzle 6 is by means of the controller wheel 9 displaced with regard to the tube until the mixture of atomized fuel and air burns without causing any smoke.

If the consumption of fuel is greater, the throttle-valve j is opened. Thereupon com pressed air will flow out from the Venturi tube 0 as well as from the Venturi tube The stream of air passing through the latter tube creates, as has been shown by experience, an increase of the suction effect exerted by the first tube upon the nozzle 6, so that the increase of air flow will result in an increase in the flow of the liquid fuel. The combustion will always take place under favorable conditions and the temperature pro duced will increase in proportion to the opening of the throttle-valve By the sole operation of the throttle-valve the arrival of air and of fuel is controlled.

If the sleeve 71 were cylindric in its interior the increase of the flow of air alone would not create an increase of the suction effect on the nozzle 7) so that the arrivalof fuel would then remain constant whilst the volume of the outflowing air would increase. Therefore the atomized mixture would become poorer. It would on the other hand be possible to give to the inner double cone 2' and .71 of the sleeve 2' sufficiently great inclinations with regard to the axis and at A the same time suitably arrange the position of the sleeve and thereby obtaina suction effect upon the nozzle that becomes greater than ,the outflow of air: the mixture of atomized fuel and air would become richer and the flame would produce smoke. From this it becomes evident that a rather constant relation must be maintained between the volume of the fuel and the volume of the air in order to obtain combustion without smoke and also in order to maintain the mixture rich enough so thatits burns not as an entire unit but only on its borders. It is known that owing to the poorness of the mixture the latter becomes explosive, that is to say each particle of fuel is surrounded by a sufficient amount of air permitting its entire combustion. Under these circumstances the combustion of the entire unit takes place similar to an explosion. The combustion is irregular and the flame extinguish-es without a visible cause owing to the sudden decrease of richness, for instance owing to impurities of the fuel, or owing to a blow of the compressed air or owing to an accidental external air blast.

If the tube 0 and the nozzle Z) are dis placed together-with regard to the plane passing through the smallest section of the Venturi tube 2', the suction or aspiration effect upon the nozzle 5 is adjusted for a constantvolume of outflowing air and inaccordance with the adjusting provided for an explosive mixture is secured of rather constant proportion of fuel and air independent from the. volume of air flowing out, or a mixturemaybeobtained which in accordance to predeterminedlaws becomes-richer or poorer when-the volume of outflowing air is increased.

The'adjustment of the position of the two Venturi tubes 0 z and of the nozzle 1) is made onceffor all and is determined only by the degree of viscosity of the liquid fuel used, and consequently remains the same as long as the fuel of the sameproperties is burnt. V i

I Since it is the. air arriving through the pipe h which in all cases aspirates the fuel out of the nozzle 5, the obturating of the air conduit will immediately cause the stoppage of the flow of the fuel. For this reason no explosion is risked owing to an untimely outflow of the fuel from the nozzle. In some cases it may prove desirable or advantageous to heat the fuel before it reaches nozzle 6. i

The suction effect exerted upon the nozzle b may reach high values, it may for in-v stance become equal to a pressure .of 250 cm. water, so that the working manner of the burner is independent from variations of the density of the fuel, from thedegree of its viscosity or from its level in thecontainer. The governorrnot represented in the drawing,whichoperates the chain pinionj is made responsive toan influence depending upon the temperature produced by the burner, for instance from the temperature in the hearth, or the steam pressure of a boiler heated by the burner, whereby the control valve is subjected to a given law, and for instance must be a constant one.

,It is easily possible to maintain the throt- I tle-valve open if little fuel is consumed. Under these circumstances a little compressed air will arrive also through the Venturi tube 71. I v i The variation represented in Fig. 4 is adapted particularly for the combustion of a very viscous fuel such as tar or masut or crude oil. The burner is arranged in such a manner that the formation of carbonlike residues at the exit of the Venturi tube 2' is prevented. For this purpose the latter is arranged within .a circular hollow body 7' whose nter or is of a cylindrical-conical smaller portion only is supplied through the Venturi tube 2' and the channel's, since then the throttle-valve is not fully closed. If the consumption of fuel is great the air is supplied in great volume through the duct (1 and passes through the Venturi tube i and the circular channel 8. In both cases the air passing through the restriction s will be suflicient to prevent the formation of carbon residues at the eXit of nozzle 6.

Having now described my invention and the manner in which it is to be carried out, I declare that what I claim is:

1.. A liquid fuel burner comprisin an air supply conduit, a Venturi tube fixe in the air supply conduit, a fuel spray tube within and concentric with the said Venturi tube, a second Venturi tube surrounding the discharge end of the first Venturi tube, and a device for controlling the passage of air through the said supply conduit to the passage between the said Venturi tubes, there also being a passage from the said supply conduit, independent of the said device therein, for conveying air to the space between the said fuel spray nozzle and the first Venturi tube. v

2. A liquid fuel burner according to claim 1 including means for adjusting the fuel spray nozzle relatively to the first Venturi tube.

3. A liquid fuel burner according to claim 1 having means for simultaneously adjusting the first Venturi tube and the fuel spray nozzle within the same relatively to the said second Venturi tube.

In testimony whereof I have afiixed my signature.

ERNEST JUILLARD.

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