US1565788A - Reamer - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 15, 1925. 4

.A. E. CARLSON RE'AMER I Fild Jan. 26, 1925 5 Sheets-Shed. 2

W012. A/vrfio/vy 644450,,

Dec. 15, 1925. 1,565,788

A. E. CARLSON REAMER File'd Jan. 26, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet :5

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A/W'Wav f: 64,9450,

ATTOR/S/EZYZ' Patented Dec. 15,, 1925.

UNITED STATES.

PATENT OFFICE.

REAMER.

Application filed January 26, 1925. Serial No. 4,765.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ANTHONY E. CARL- soN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented a new and useful Reamer, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to rotary well drilling equipment, and it particularly concerns a rotary reamer.

In the drilling of wells by the rotary system, a rotary drill'is secured at the lower end of a drill pipe by which it is rotated to produce a well. The drill pipe extends upwardly through the well and is supported by a a travelling block of a derrick situated at the surface of the ground. .A rotary table situated upon the derrick floor is employed for rotating the drill pipe, thus imparting a rotation to the rotary bit, thus sinking the well. When the rotary bit has been in use a short time, the cutting edgesthereof wear down, and the bit will not produce a hole of the intended size. It is common practice to secure to the drill pipe above the rotary bit a reamer which trims the wall of the hole to proper gauge. It is to reamers of this character that my invention relates.

It is an object of my invention to provide a reamer of this character which will cut rapidly and which will have long life. My invention provides a reamer having cutters, some of which have axial teeth, whereas others have circumferential teeth. The en'- gagement of the cutters having axial teeth, with the wall of the hole, cuts longitudinal grooves therein; and the engagement of the cutters having circumferential teeth, with the wall of the hole, cuts circular grooves therein, the combined effect of these cutters producing a checkered formation on the wall ofthe hole. These checkers or projections readily splinter and crumble away as the reamer is rotated. Further, the cutters are arranged to have rolling engagement with the wall of the hole; this I accomplish by' placing the cutters on rotational axes which i are parallel with the axis of rotation of the body of the reamer.

It is another object of my invention to provide a reamer of this character which is strong and compact. The reamer of my invention has a massive body having cavities formed therein in which the cutters are situated. Only a small portion of the cutting edge of these cutters of the body.

It is a still further object of my invention to provide a reamer having a novel assembly of but few parts. The cutter members are rotatable in the cavities of the body on pins which are retained in the body and extend through these cavities. The bearing pins are retained ,in place by means of a retaining member which is secured to the body. I

It is also an object of my invention to provide a novel means for holding the bearing pins in place and for preventing a rotation thereof. I provide retaining means in the form of an annular ring which is arranged protrude the extremity to be threadably secured to the body, a faceof this ring engaging with the pins in such a manner as to retain them in place in the body. To prevent rotation of the bearing pins I form tongues thereon which are arranged to extend into an annular groove in the retaining ring.

Other objects and advantages of my in vention will be made evident hereinafter.

in which I illustrate a preferred form of my invention, 1

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the utility of my invention.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken through a reamer embodying the features of my invention, this view being taken substantially on the line 2-2 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 3 is a section taken as indicated by the line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a section taken as indicated by the line 44 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is an elevational view vention taken as indicated by the arrow 5 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 6 is an elevational view of my invention taken as indicated by the arrow 6 of .Fig. 3.

.Fig. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary detail so Referring to the two sheets of drawingsof my inl illustrating a construction employed for preventing a rotation of the bearing pins of my invention.

* Fig. 8 is an enlarged fragmentary view illustrating the manner in which the cutters of my reamer will wear.

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary sectional view through another embodiment of my invention.

Fig. 10 is a section taken as indicated by the line 1010 of Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary sectional view through a third embodiment of my invention.

Fig. 12 is a section taken as indicated by the line 1212 of Fig. 11. I

With reference to Fig. l, I show a reamer 11 embodying the features of my invention secured to the lower end of a drill pipe 12 which extends into a well 13. Secured below the reamer 11 is a rotary bit 14 which is employed to produce the well 13. The drill pipe 12 extends upwardly through the well 13 as shown, and has a swivel head 15 secured to the upper end thereof. A travelling block 16 attaches to the swivel head 15 and supports the drill pipe 12. On the floor 17 of a derrick 18 is mounted the rotary machine 19 by which the drill pipe 12 is rotated. A pressure pump 20 is provided for supplying rotary mud to the bit 14, this pump 20 being connected to the swivel head 15 by means of a stand pipe 21 and a flexible hose 22. As the bit 14 wears, the cutters thereof will cut a hole which is not of proper size. IVhen this occurs, the cutters of the reamer 1101 my invention will trim the wall of the hole to its intended gauge.

The reamer 11 is shown in detail in Figs. 2 to 8, inclusive, of the drawings. \Vith reference to these figures, the reamer 11 is provided in the form of a body 25 having an enlarged portion 26, a shank 27 and a head 28. The head 28 is threadably secured on the threaded portion 29 of the shank 27, which portion 29 extends into a cavity 30 of the head 28. This head 28 provides a threaded tool joint pin 32 which adapts the reamer for attachment to the lower end of the drill pipe 12. At the lower end of the enlargement 26is a tool joint box 33 which adapts this reamer for the securing of the hit 14 thereto.

In the enlargement 26 is formed cutter receiving cavities 35 having semi-cylindrical bottoms 36 and flat ends 37. These cavities, as shown in the drawings, extend parallel to the axis of the body 25. Bearing pins 39 extend through these cavities 35, the lower ends of the bearing pins 39 extending into cylindrical cavities 40 formed in the body 25 and connecting with the lower endsof the cavities 35. The upper ends of the pins 39 extend through cylindrical openings 42 -which connect between the upper faces 37 of the cavities 35 and an annular shoulder 43 formed at the end of the enlargement 26. The bearing pins 39 extend parallel with respect to each other and extend parallel with respect to the axis of rotation of the reamer 11.

Rotatably carried on these bearing pins 39 within the cavaties 35 are cutters 44. In the drawings I show two cutters 45 of the series of cutters 44 having circumferential teeth 46, and one cutter 47 of the cutters 44 having axial teeth 48. The cutter 47 may be provided in two sections as shown. If desired, I may provide two of the cutters with axial teeth and one cutter with circumferential teeth, or I may provide a greater number of cutters. The axial and circumferential toothed cutters are placed in corresponding radial and axial positions. Between the opposite ends 50 of the cutters 44 and the end walls 37 of the cavities 35 I provide wear plates 51. The wear plates 51, as shown, are substantially the same shape as the cross section of the cavities so that they will be restrained from rotation. Due to the provision of these wear plates 51, there will be no wear on the body 25 of the reamer, this wear being taken from the cutters entirely by the wear plates 51.

The shank 27 of the body 25 is threaded at 56 at the lower end thereof at that portion adjacent to the upper face 43 of the enlarged portion 26 of the body 25. A retaining or looking ring 57 is threaded onto the threaded portion" 56 for retaining the bearing pins 39 in place. A lower face 58 of the retaining ring 57 engages with upper faces 59 of the bearing pins 39 and also with the upper face 43 of the enlargment 26. This engagement between the upper faces 59 of the bearing pins 39 locks these pins against up-and-down movement and secures them in place. The head 28 and the shank 27 of the body 25 are made separate to permit the placing of the retaining ring 57 around the shank 27.

As clearly shown in Fig. 7, each of the bearing pins 39 is provided with an arcuated tongue 61 which projects upwardly from a 'face 59 of each of the bearing pins 39. An

annular groove or recess 62 is formed in the retaining ring 57 and extends upwardly from the lower face 58 thereof. The tongues 61 of the. bearing pins 39 extend into the annular recess 62. (Jo-engagement between the faces of the tongue 61 and the walls of the recess 62 prevents a rotation of the hearing pins 39. It is necessary to provide the recess 62 completely annular to permit the threading of the retaining ring 57 on the portion 56, it being necessary, as is obvious, to rotate the ring 57 to accomplish the installation thereof. The securing ring 57, after it has been installed in its proper position. is secured in place by a suitable pin 64,

as shown clearly in Fig. 2 of the drawings. Rotary mudfor the bit 14 passes through a central opening 65 which extends axially through the body 25.

The operation of the reamer is substantially as follows:

. When the rotary bit fails to cut the hole to proper gauge, the cutting teeth 46 and 48 of the cutters 44 engage with the Wall of the hole and trim it to proper size. The engagement between the cutters 45 and the wall of the hole tends to roll them on their own axes as the entire reamer rotates. The circumferential teeth 46 engage the wall of the hole and cut annular or circumferential grooves in the surface thereof. The axial teeth 48 engage the wall of the hole and cut longitudinal or axial grooves therein, which extend at right angles to the circumferential grooves cut by the teeth 46. This is resultant in checkering the surface of the wall of the hole, producing a multiplicity of projections thereon. It is found that theseprojections readily splinter and crumble away as the reamer operates. The teeth of the cutters extend around the entire periphery of the cutters and, therefore, cutters having extensive cutting area are provided. Also the combining of the two types of toothed cutters splinters away the wall before the teeth imbed to any great extent. These features cooperate to prolong the life of the cutters over an extensive period of time.

In practice it is found that substantially all the cutting of the reamer is at the lower ends of the cutters 44. To distribute the work to a greater number of teeth, I have made the cutters 44 conical at each end thereof, as indicated at 66 in the drawings. After the reamer has been in use for some time, it is found that the cutters 44 tend to wear, as illustrated in Fig. 8. The teeth at the lower end of the cutters wear off so that the lower end of these cutters conform to a conical shape, as indicated at 68 in this figure. The teeth in the extreme lower ends of the cutters become quite dull; however, the teeth at the upper part of the cutters still remain sharp and efficient to remove the face of the wall of the. hole. When the cutters become worn to the. extent shown in Fig. 8, the reamer may be removed and the cutters inverted so as to bring the upper end of the cutters 44 into'a lower portion where they will do work. This inverting feature substantially doubles the life of the cutters 44;

The ease with which the cutters may be re placed or reversed is a feature of my invention. The ring is unthreaded from the portion 56 and lifted to permit the removal of the pins 39, so that the cutters are free for removal.

The reamer of my invention has but few parts which are so arranged and designed that they are very sturdy. The cutters 44 are well protected due to the fact that they rest almost entirely in the cavities'35. Only a small portion of these cutters extend beyond the extremity of the enlarged portion 26 of the body 25. The retaining ring 57 serves to securely retain the bearing pins 39 in place, and also serves to lock these pins against rotation.

In Figs. 9 and 10 I show a reamer in which a body 90 has an enlargment 91, a shank 92 and a head 93 which are formed integral. A retaining ring 94 is threaded on a portion 95 of the shank 92. In order to install the retaining ring 94, it is necessary to provide this ring in halves 96 and 97. These halves are placed around the shank 92 and are thereafter secured together by bolts .98, which extend through lugs 99 formed on the halves 96 and 97. These lugs 99, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10, are formed above the ring 94 and, therefore, do not project beyond the extreme radius of the enlargement 91, and consequently do not in any way interfere with .the operation of the reamer. This type of ring 94 has an annular channel 100 in which tongues 101 of bearing pins 102, which support cutters 103, extend.

In Figs. 11 and 12 I show another modification of my invention which employs a retaining ring 110, which is secured in place by an internal annular lip 111 which extends into an annular channel 112 formed at the lower end of a shank 113. The ring 110, as clearly shown in Fig. 12, is made in three segments115 which are secured together by bolts 116, extending through lugs 117, formed at each end of each of the. segments 115. Radial slots 119 are formed in the segments 115, these slots being cut from the lower face 120 of the ring 110. Tongues 121 of bearing pins 122 extend into these slots 119. In this arrangement the segments 115 are assembled radially into place and are thereafter secured together by the bolts 116. This is possible by providing the slots 119 in a radial extension.

In the modification of my invention shown in Figs. 9 and 10, and 11 and 12, the body is made in one piece. he retaining rings of these modifications are comprised of component parts to permit this ntegral body construction. In all types of my invention the cutters having axial teeth and the cutters having circumferential teeth are situated in corresponding axial and radial positions.

Although I have shown certain embodiments of my invention, it should be understood that various alterations therein may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention. If desired, a more or less number of cutters may be provided and a more or less number of cutters of either type ofcutting teeth may be provided as desired.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a reanier of the class described, the combination of: a body, said body comprising cutter cavities formed therein and openings formed at each end of said cavities; bearing pins extending into said openings; a split securing ring carried by said body for securing said bearing pins in place; and cutters carried on said bearing pins in said cavities.

2. In a reamer of the class described, the combination of: a body havin cutter receiving cavities formed therein; bearing pins, said bearing pins extending through openings provided in said body and said bearing pins extending through said cavities; cutters carried in said cavities by said bearing pins; tongues formed on said bearing pins; and a securing ring carried by said body, said securing ring being adapted to engage said bearing pins in order to retain them in place and said securing ring having slots into which said tongues extend so as to prevent a rotation of said bearing pins in said openings.

8. A reamer as set forth in claim 2 in which said securing ring is split and said slots are of radial extension.

4. A reamer as set forth in claim 2 in which said ring has an annular lip extending into an annular channel formed in said body, said annular lip and said annular channel cooperating to retain said securing ring in place.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand at Los Angeles, California, this 21st day of January, 1925.

ANTHONY E. CARLSON.

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