US1487338A - Two-cycle internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

March 18 V, 1924.

1921 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Z/vVE/woe LAS/m KS4/ff Q @1M {@Mg /f/TTQEA/Er J. KELLEY TWO-CYCLE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Jan. l0

March 18; 1924@ n 1,487,338

J. KELLEY TWO-CYCLE INTERNAL `COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Jan. 10 1921 :i5` Sheets-Sheet 2 ff d l :Jh-:i ""Q fg ZN VEA/Toe YMW March 18, 1924. 1,487,338

J. KEI-LEY Two-CYCLE INTERNAL coMBUsTIoN ENGINE l Filed Jan. 10 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet 67T To ENE v5 Patented Mer. 18, 1924.

PATENT OFFICE JOHN KELLEY, LOUIS, litISSOURI.

TWO-CYCLE NTERNi-.

Application iled January 10, w21.

To alt 'ui/7mm t muy concern lcd e residing at tit.

:nve-,ntcd a certain new r 1.- 'x n" w `i v w ornent in vio-(mele lil- Engines, et 'which the "l a iullv clean and exact descripH relates to internal combusano luis tor its main object to eupgino oiE simple con are artiou engr' pr i vi d c an i struclion, in .vli. ch the cylinders on to the ams oit ro- "angled in para tation oi" the dr' Y, and are equipped iv' reciirirocating pis tous that (5o-operate With a means which converts the 'recinocating` movement et the pistons into rotary motion Without the use olt crank arms.

liriotlier object is t0 provide an internal combustimi en; ne of the general type relfcrrell to in which the combustible niixturc, ius ad ot heini;- admitted directly to the poiver cyliuders7 is {irst drawn into suction cylinders throunjli. ports controlled by automatic valvesn ai d thereafter admitted to power cylinde lu'ougrli ports rolled l the pistons in said suction cylinders. Other objects and dcsirffrliile ieatures o `iy invention Wil bc hereinafter pointed out.

l ot the -flraiving's is a vertical A ,udinal scctioi vieu' ot 'o v improved engine. talren ou the line le-l oii Figure f1 limitingY in the direction indicated by the ai rows,

liipjure is a detail view ot the inlet valve o t one ot' tlic suction cylinders, taken on the lino 2-2 ot Figure l, looking in the direcfion indicated by the arroivs.

Figure 2" is a cross-sectional View, illus-- training? one oi: the connecting' rods and the ouideivay 'in which it slides.

ll`ioure 3 is au end elevational view ot the e partly broken away so as to more illustrate the construction samel Figure 4. is a development ot the caro on.

lli-e driving member that cooperates With the rollers on the eonnectingi,r rods; and

lfip'ure is a transverse sectional view. taken on the line fi-- ot Figure l looking;` in the direction indicated by the arrows.

l have herein illustrated my invention em- LsCOIJIBUSTON ENGINE,

Serial No. 436,131

bodied in a tivo-cycle engine having station ary cylinders arranged around a rotatable drive shaft that extends parallel to the longi* tudinal axes oi" the cylinders, which drive shaft is provided with a member on which the pistons in some of the cylinders exert pressure in direction causing said drive shaft to rotate. l Wish it to be understood7 hon/'ever7 that my invention is not limited to a tivo-cycle internal combustion engine, as many features oil my invention are applicable to other kinds of machines equipped ivitli reciprocating pistons and a rotatable driving element operated by the movement or". said pistons, it being' immaterial what the driving element ci? the engine consists oi, so long as it is a rotating; member to which pressure is applied Yfrom reciprocating pis tons actuated by an eXpa-nsible medium.

VJlien my invention is embodied in a tivocycle internal combustion engine, as herein shown7 the engine is equipped with two groups ci cylinders arranged on opposite sides oi a rotating; driving elen'ient and each sgroup made up oi a plurality of units or pairs oi: cylinders, each ot which consists oi a'poiver cylinder and a suction cylinder. The power cylinders ot one group are :ir-- ranged in longitudinal alignment Wit-li and oirectly opposite to the poivcr cylinders oie the other group7 and the pistons ot longgii lu-dinally aligned cylinders are connected to` nether so that they Will move in unison. The suction cylinders ot the respective lgroups are arranned in a similar mannera preferably between the power cylinders, and the pistons ci? the longitudinally aligned suction cylinders are also directly connected together so that they will move in unison. the cylinders ci both `groups being` arranged in symmetrical relation around a rotatable drive shaft that extents parallel to the longitudinal axes of the cylinders.

The suction cylinders are used to draw a combustible mixture `from a carburetor or other suitable source of supply and admit said coinliiustible mixture to the power cylinders wherein the mixture is compressed and then iired so as to .impart power impulses to the driving element7 and the flow of the combustible mixture into the power cylinders and the escape of the burnt gases from said cylinders is controlled by the pistons in said power cylinders,v

Cil

Referring zo the cliewiiigs which illusi'inie the piel-erred foi-m of my iiivenion, A designates the iixiiiii suppoi'tiiigg 'fieme of the engine which consists pi'efe'ehly of e Sul stenti allg-1; ring-Shaped member provided with 'ee oi base euppo'te l, und designates "awo cyl'iiclei' blocks arranged et oppoeiie Sides o'i lthe member and eeniieee'ecl lo saine by lfaeeeingg devices 2 that exeiifl hoiizoiitelly llii'eugli e-epeietiio' iieiiges Z3 anal t3 3 on die supper iiiembei il and on the l lilo eyliii lei' i'eepeeively, es Shown in Figure i.. e? the u ieder' blocks lil eoiuiete o' i eli annuler Afoiioi iii general outline profieee. Willi a. pluieli'zy of lioi'izoirellypei'ellel bores thm: l also provided with e l; hoiizei "elly-disposed Cliive beaune lo'll each ej/Jliiieer t y e, veilieeily-diepoeed u ith ice liellyclisposecl iibe e i es lo reinforce enel sii hen the Sh ""i, im) Each of the cyliiicl y h l i my oi'l pewer eylin dere iufleie' o 1 e yme pippe iee muil epee ei ve :ufiziiiged in elimiohei' une me pi'ovic giji'oiiijkve me iiieiit with each they Lillie uo l e loue mul fijuilile lel to elle :feiitu the cyliiieie,

they allow me pl e ifi'eely iii 'iheii i'nwQeetive v@ylV "itllou undue li'ioieii side ihi'uevielle ofi iilie cylinders thus reducing Weiy oii the itiieo'le zum. The venue-o',

und eyliuceie to e iiiiuiu iofle `een lie of i pi'e'leii'ed @foss Seen tional shape, and the giuiee he mounecl ii any pie: L i

long :is they/.f i'oim fighi guide/Veys which hold the eoniieciip; i'ocls in parallel ielaion with each other and pai'e-llel to the long-L tucliiial axes of the eylindeife,

` means may ueefl ,ie'iei lo pievide the eem iii the for' uli-e di "im/ingr laces infile up olf e` plurality i-inclined, etieiiglit planes 7/ that uh ohei' i' l i'e disslid. wliieii 'from olie iiine .i/ with ip me iii i f t 1e 'powelpls-- have piaczieelly :i uniform weed qlieuiv iis oiiie werking ei'olie iiis: :zu

ieble 1' nel eombue'ioii e? he pisjeiiieu lo e crank :um lhie is e Very ee it iiieuree` eeeh pewei e. ue turning etnioi ou M .i er (piepoi'tiouiii lo she pieseuie of the gases 111 the Cylinder) ell poihe of its Working stroke, thus con ifei'giug e, greater deggiee of `the ex'L-ieiiielv high "eiiipeiei'iiie theft eX' fue :ze the explosiiie moment; iiio eciual Work iiieeefl of' drivo'fi' esi. excessive amount of the heee iiillo the Water of the cooling; System suiifouiicling); zhe cylinders. eeeofdinglypny engine is economical in the eeii-ei11eipf5ieii of fuel; the

Y, Ln Oil 2l iOifi desirable 1 pistons have a relatively high operating speed and the driving member has a relatively slow operating speed.

The power cylinders and the suction cylinders of the respective groups are arranged in pairs so as to form separate units, each of which is composed of a suction cylinder and a power cylinder, the suction cylinder of ew eh unit being utilized to draw a combustible charge from a source of supply and admit said charge to the power cylinder of the unit, and the piston in said power cylinder being utilized to compress the charge and thereafter impart a power impulse to the driving member when said compressed charge is fired. Accordingly, the engine herein illustrated may be said to comprise eight units arranged in two groups of four units each, one of said groups being located at one side of the driving element C of the engine and the other group being located at the other side of said driving element. The rib C2 on the driving element C may have any desired number of high points, the driving member of the engine herein shown being so constructed that each piston will make five cycles during each complete cycle of perations of the drive shaft. I also prefer to arrange the cylinders so that cylinders of the respective groups which lie diametrically oposite each other across the drive shaft will lire simultaneously and the cylinders of each group will fire one after the other. In other words, the power cylinders of the respective groups which are disposed at an angle of 180c to each other will fire at the same time and the power cylinders of each group will fire in regular order or in succession. By designing the engine so that the cylinders lire in the manner above described vibration is reduced to a minimum and the side thrust which a power piston of one group exerts on one side of the driving .member C is balanced by the side thrust which the opposed power piston of the other group exerts on the opposite side of said driving member, the power from both pistons being applied in a direction to cause said driving member to rotate.

As all of the units are of the same construction, I will only refer to one unit in the specilic description of the units. The suction cylinder and the power cylinder of the unit are connected together by an inlet passageway D provided at its opposite ends with ports 9 and 10 that terminate in the side walls of the suction cylinder and the power cylinder, respectively, adjacent the inner ends of said cylinders. Each unit also comprises a discharge passageway E, shown in Figure 5, which is connected by means of ports ll with the inner end portion of the power cylinder P of the unit, the discharge passageways E in each cylinder block leading into an exhaust manifold E, shown in Figure l, that is of cylindrical shape in general outline and which may be connected either to a separate discharge pipe or to a discharge pipe E2 common to both exhaust manifolds, as shown in Figure l. In the engine herein illustrated each of the exhaust man ifolds l is of ring form in general outline, as shown in Figure 3, and is provided with lugs i2 through which bolts or other suitable fastening devices 13 pass so as to secure said manifold to the particulzn: cylindcr bloclr which it surrounds. Each cylinder block or group of units is provided with an intake manifold F preferably constructed so that it will form the heads of the suction cylinders of the particular cylinder block with which it co-operates, each of said intake manifolds comprising an annular portion le, as shown in Figure provided with a plurality of radially-branching portions l that form closures or heads for the ends of the suction cylinders of one group of units. Said intake manifold F is also provided with an inlet portion 16 leading from a carbureter (not shown) or any other suitable supply of combustible gases and divided into a plurality of vertically-disposed ducts or passageways t, a, o and w (see Figure that communicate with separate and distinct passageways in the annular portion 14; of the manifold which lead to separate and distinct suction cylinders. In other words, the intake manifold of each cylinder block is so constructed that separate and distinct vertical inlet passages are provided for the different suction cylinders in the bloclr and the exhaust manifold of each cylinder block is of ring form or of such shape that the escaping burnt gases can flow in either of two directions after entering the exhaust manifold. I make no claim herein to the divided intake manifold and to the circularl exhaust manifold, as these features of my invention are claimed in my co-pending application Serial No, 570,707, filed June 24, 1922.

The suction cylinder of each unit is provided with an automatic inlet valve l? u; ranged preferably in the head of the cylinder, as shown in Figure l, and the piston S in said suction cylinder is in tae forni of a hollow memberl provided in its head or outer end with inlet ports i8 controlled by an automatic valve lilland provided adjacent its inner end in the side wall portion of same with ports 20 which. line up with the ports 9 in the side wall of the suction cylinder in which it reciprocates at a certain point in the cycle of operations of said piston. Various types of automatic valves l? may be used for governing the admission of the combustible mix'.- ture to the suction cylinders, but I prefer to provide each suction cylinder with a valve consistingof a disk-shaped piece of thin metal arranged over inlet ports 17 in the head of the suction cylinder with which it colll) ' iii the iiiiiei eiid operates and held eg( inst its seat by spi-ings te :vstii' jackets sie tapped iiili the 17h? esshowii iii Fig e 9 f '-fl i ve h lwit the i sthe engine, the sii-ei on the ie et mit-ei of the cyliiifl wel 1 the loweiu bolt or othei' siii passes thi'ou i through the v Valve l? i "'l ii i. side oi t s shows and is press of sifle oiQ the f toil by s spi-ii toii ii'io looking e steil iii the f* Ch s su ct ii siiiglicity, low 1 "iie esse With which cziihleo of (lisas iii the opposite I ovecl engine the loolziii et Fipiii'e l 'i tie eiioiiic msi the heee ei the cyiieC-les colis eiiihei A; to the Valve l5) iii thn "istoii El eooosite si s of which the cfiiiiitlei' blocks The if'liiilei blocks :ii'e of such piston. if

cesigii that hihefl with iiiiiiiiiiiiii Uicm ton S is iiioviiig out?.Y c c t 1le enel expeiiie, he termed its charging eti'ose, the ports 2 and While it is iiiiiiie'eliml Whether the the iiiiiei1 eiicl of i i e c esecl7 heals of the cyliiicle 's iii seid blocks eie iiiclue to the feet that they Voir textiel oi' eiiiofehlea pi' ei to ineke the alii iiiipeifoiste portion oi: the cylinder, but s, cer", cliz-iging stroke of l i theieiii nieve into lig 9 iii the iiiiiei' end portion oi ci ell of the cylinders reiiioifehle, 'the "i the suction cyliiiclei's hey-i5; ieiiz'iecl l l me sec i'ecl to the xylimlei' ilocls by i iii@ mig-ces 15a sie the heads o VLhe powei of the suction cyliiiclei'y theielf7 p cylimleis being' i'oimefl bj; plugs that Q A A b piston through the 1 oifts inlet passageway D, powei' c i/liiiclei o; potins l0 iii the iiiiiei eiifl p powei cyliiidei:

of the piston iii said power cyliiL 'the chsiee to escape icio.

Le 50i iestiiiq the intake :fiioiii'ohl thiough chui-ge iii said eyliiiilei will he exi -l which t incoming; (fases to tie slicziiicl et the completion of lie eiiti'fiii e tioii cyliiiclei's. The sucdion cyliiitleis pression stroke of the piston the coiiipiussetl thiozigh which the pass to the pov.' elisige is lii'efl oi1 ii'iefl by? of` cyliiideis aire suii'ouiflecl hy tie cooling othei' suitable ignition clevice Water coiiiiioii to the power cyliiideifs imfl of the poweif cyliiidei, thereby ifii;

suction cyliiicl-is :like :uid com iiiiefl iii eeeh powei' impulse to the piston i cts siiiouiitliiie; ill of the power piston l ieeehes such :i )eiiit cyliiiflei's eil oli each of the cyliiiclei` its power stioxe that it uiicoveis jhe poits hlecls. Tw lien the engine is iii opci'st'ioii the ioig'tioii oi the jeowei cyl4 Wetei will e of the f-ooli LLAA): w;

C del, th@ bum@ gage@ in @limi i* esc @c imiiiteiiel iieeilj possible et 1800 tiioug'h the 'ports ll into the flisolD Tl is, 11i ceiiiieetioii with che oi'ehczitmg 0i' sageimy E iiiicl thence iii'to the disch?. Y the incoming hf; utilizing' the Weste manifold E. Vlhe DoWei piston in heet f'ieiii the c-ihsiist ii ziiiiolcl, iiisui'es unit is Dieifei'shlf/ pioihlecl with theiough Vapor'zetioii of tie icl. heifeifc 23 siieiigecl se as to ileilect the c ieeehiiig the powei* cyliicleis. li/ioi'eove, oheige toifeicls the '5ml of theBeweiseF the exhaust manifolds sie o1 such design when seicl chai the` the?,T zilleiv the h imi" gases to escape dei: im the cyliiicleis in eithei cliieetioii of l/Vetei jackets 2li aie jofoviclefl oi the resistance sioiiiicl thelcyliiiclei blocks, eyliiiclefs of the engii e and the 'oipes 211 i ge heilig piovicled eithei Wziy to a t wheh the cooled suppli 'l oie o'N eiiiiig, thus iieiiiiittmg the burnt Leonesa und e suction cylinder7 recipiioeetii in said cylindersr devices tliet a getlier tlio longitudinally eii'rnetl L. opposed cylinde com on snitl i member` operativi-ily connected ritl'i seik de vices for recipri'iceting sume, en eutonieti valve associated rifitli suction cylinde of eecli unit u` e combustib mixtur to seme 'V the piston therein moves in one directie f und ineens tor ceu ing tlie charge admitted to seid suction cyinder to pass tlirougli tlio piston t. rein and enter the (zo-operating power cylinder of tlie unit when seid suction piston moves in the opposite direction.

2. An internal combustion engine, coinprising; e rotstslile driving member, two groups ofi cylinders crrengged in longitudinal `elignnient Witli eecli otl'ier end in perallel relation to tl e exis oit rotation seid driving member, eecli of seid groups "oeing4 mudo up of e plurality oi: units composed of za suction cylinder end e power cylinder equipped with pistons, connecting rods joined to tlie pistons of longitudinally aligned cylinders, ineens for trzinsi movement from seid connectiw rods to seid driving member, and nie/iis niiereloy Wlr tlie engine is in operation cmnousti charges will be draw/n into tlic suction cyl,- inders o't opposed units seid groups and tlien introduced into tlie power cylin ders oit iid units und tired.

3. A two cycle internal combustion engine, comprising e plurality or power oylin ilers, n oliunlity ot suction cjgflinclers Q rrei'igcd imei-mediate seid power cylinders, reciprocating pistons in seid cylinders7 :into atie vulves for admitting clierges to seid suction cylinders Wlien the pistons therein move in one direction, Ineens for permitting the d suoti n cylinders to pass oistons "lie-rein end tlie s when seid suction pistons *p31 osi-e directiom eno admission end er; ieu t ports in tlie power cylinders controlled by the pistons in seid power cylinders.

two cycle inter el combustion engine, coninrising power cylinders, suction cylinders er ged intermediate seid power cylinders eutoniutic elves for edmitting` e.

uileustilile iuinture to seid lotion cylseid suction cylinders losing one oit seid power cylinders VEgli Wliion tlie cluirge con poss ,i tion cylinder into tlie power pistons in seid suction cylinders ior drawing tlie combustible in 'nre into se suction cylinders end thereafter con- L trolling tlie escape or szcl mixture into tlie Wer cylinders.y und sions i i power oil' the :zdznission ot eid miiituro to seid cylinders und the escape Vtlie burnt 'from seid power cylinders,

o. i two cycle internal engine7 comprising` :i rotatable drive she-rpt, e group of cT liuders arranged in tlie forni ot' :in annuler ring around seid drive shaft and comprising power cylinders end suction cylinders arranged in alternate rele-tion pistons in seid suction cylinders for drewing charges into suine and thereafter :idniittinpj seid charges to the power cylindersu pistons in seid power cylinders for governtlie admission of tlio combustible mirtture to seid power cylinders end the escape ot tlie burnt from seine, and en enlieust manifold arranges in suoli e manner tliut tlie gases escaping tlirougli seine liest seid suction cylinders.

6 i t'Wo cycle internul combustion engine provided with e cylinder oloolr of annuler torni equipped Witli s plurality of suction cylinders u plurality of power cylinders, en intake manifold lieying portions that :t `rin heads 'for tlie suction cylinders.) und eiiliziust nieni'l'old of annuler shape surrounding seid cylinder block und eoinnnnfiiceting` Witli exhaust ports lending from seid power cylinders.

coi'iiloustion

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