US1370445A - Flying-machine - Google Patents

Description

C..E. HOLT.

FLYING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED AUG-23, 191a. RENEWED m. 24. 192i.

1,370,445; Patented Mar. 1, 1921.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

.0. E. HOLT.

FLYING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED AUG-23. 1918 RENEWED IAN. 24, 192l- 1,370,445, Patnted Mar. 1, 1921 C. E. HOLT.

FLYING MACHINE.

ADILIC-ATIOH mu) AUG.23, 1918 RENEWED JAN. 24. 1921.

1,370,45 Patented Mar. 1, 1921.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

UNITED STATES CLARENCE ERNEST HOLT, OF ADA, OKLAHOMA.

FLYING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 1, 1921.

Application filed August 23, 1918, Serial No. 251,184. Renewed January 24, 1921. Serial No. 439,710.

To all whom it may con-com:

Be it known that I, CLARENCE E. Horn, a citizen of the United States, residing at Ada, in the county of Pontotoc and State of Oklahoma, have invented new and useful Improvements in Flying-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to flying machines or air craft of heavier than air type. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a machine of the beating wing type, having combined therewith novel and efiicient means for imparting motion to the wings for sustentation and propelling purposes; also means for varyingthe angles of thrust of such wings for the purpose of increasing or diminishing the support of the machine and forthe additional purpose of maintaining the stability and correcting the equilibrium of the craft.

With the above and other objects in view,

the. invention consists in the construction,

combination and arrangement of parts, as herein descrlbed, 1llustrated and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of an air-craft,

illustrating the engine in its applied relation thereto.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged end view of the frame or body of the machine showing the mechanism for operating the beating wings.

' Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary side elevation of the'machine.

Fig. 4 is a plan view of the same partly in section.-

Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the body of.

of the 'The hub 3 is formed with a plurality of g'uideways 4 extending therethrough and slidably mounted in said'bearings are blade carrying arms 5, each adapted to engage the porary application filed Dec. 30, 1918, Serial- No. 269,003 which constitutes a division of the present application.

Referring now to Figs. 1 and 2,the shaft 1 of the air engine extends downwardly into the body 28 of the aircraft, where it has mounted thereon a bevel gear 29 which normally meshes with bevel gears 30 and 31 on horizontal shaft sections 32 and 3.3 journaled in the frame or body 28 as shown in Fig. 2.

The shaft 1 also has fast thereon another bevel gear 34, which also meshes with the gears 30 and 31. The gear 29 isadapted to be thrown into and out of mesh with the gears 30 and 31 by means disclosed in my aforesaid contemporary application so that the air engine may be disconnected from the mechanism illustrated in Fig. 2 and used for the purpose of operating a pair of beating wings 36 extending from opposite sides of the body of the machine and connected thereto by pivots 37. The shaft sections 32 and 33 drive, by means of bevel gears 38, a pair of crank shafts 39 journaled in hangers 4O projecting from'opposite sides of the body 28 and'the crank shafts 39 areconnected to the beating wings 37 by links 41. Thus oscillatory movement is imparted to the wings 36. The shaft 1 is connected by bevel gears 42 to a normally horizontal shaft 43 extending in a fore and aft direction as shown in Figs. 2 and 4, said shaft having universal joints 44 therein. The front and rear portions of the shaft 43 are connected by bevel gears 45 to front and rear crank shafts 46 having cranks 47 from which rods 48 extend to arms 49 projecting from front and rear oscillatory or beating wings or planes 50 as shown in Fig. 1, the body or frame 28 having forwardly and rearwardly extending outriggers 51 and 52 upon which the planes or W ngs 50 are pivotally mounted at 53. Thus the laterally extending wings and forwardly and rearwardly extending wings or planes are simultaneously and automatically oscillated for sustaining the ma-.

or rearwardly by the means illustrated in Fig. 3. Each wing or plane 36 is pivotally connected at its inner end to a supporting ring or annulus 5 1, (see Fig. 3), and the the propelling engine.

outrigger crank shaft 39 therefor is journaled in bearings located at diametrically opposite points on said annulus. The annulus or supporting ring 54: bears at a plurality of points against sustaining rollers 56 and is supported at other points by pinions 57, which mesh with a toothed arcuate face 58 of said supporting ring. The ring 54 is held in place'by suitable keepers or,

retaining means 59 and is actuated by a pin- 10D 60 ona transverse shaft 61 extending under the body 28 and connected bybevel gears 62 and 63 to a vertical controlling shaft 64 having at the upper end thereof a hand wheel 65. The wheel, 65 is located adjacent tothe operators seat 66 who may thereby change the'angles of theoscillatory wings 36, so as to propel the machine ahead or backwardly at the desired speed. For hovering purposes, the wings or planes 36 may be operated more slowly by throttling Surrounding the shaft 64 is a tubular shaft 67 having a hand wheel 68 at the upper end thereof and having on the lower end thereof a pulley 69 from which suitable belts or connections, (not shown), extendto front and rear vertical rudders 70 and 71, (see Fig. 1). Each vertical rudder 7 Oor 71 is mounted in a triangular shaped supporting and guiding rudders 70 and 71 to steer the machine to 7 32 above referred to, the gear 8 l'being shiftable into and out of engagement with the gear 83 by means of a shifting fork or lever 85, (see Fig. 2). After the desired altitude and speed are obtained by the use of the engine 79, the latter may be disconnected from the shaft 32 and stopped, and the machine may be thereafter propelled by. the air driven engine previously described For large machines, groups of oscillatory wings or planes 36 may be used as illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6, said planes may be illustrated at 36 and arranged in pairs, the wings of each pair being located in superposed relation to each other. A single crank shaft 39' may be used for operating the planes 36 of each group as shown in Fig. 6, a rod 41 extending from each wing 36 to the crank of each crank shaft 39'. To simultaneously adjust the angles or pitch of the oscillatory wings 36' where they are arranged'in groups as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, the pinions 60 which actuate the supporting wings 64e-may be connected for simultaneous operation by means of sprocket wheels 86 and a sprocket chain 87 as shown in F ig. 5. One or more doors 88 maybe provided to permit occupants to enter and leave the main bodyr28 of the machine, one of such doors being shown in Fig. 5 The front andrear portions of the body are pointed as shown at 89 to reduce head resistance when the machine is'traveling either in a forward or'backward direction, such pointed bow and stern portions of the body being preferably closed as shown at 9,0 for observation purposes. a a 1 a V Each of" the oscillatory or beating wings is constructed as shown in Fig. 7, the same embodying in connection with a ,marginal frame 91 a' series of shutters 92 which are pivotally connected at 93 to the frame 91.- The arrangement just-referred to is such that in the upward movement of the wing or plane, the shutters 92 open and offer little or no resistance, while in the downward movement of the wing, said shutters 92'automatically close and exert a downward push on the air resulting in a lifting effect on the machine.

I claim r 1. A flying machine comprising a body having Outriggers. at its forward and rear ends, forward and rear vertically swinging wings pivotally connected to said Outriggers, upright supporting rings mounted to, revolve in the sides of the body, manual means to adjust said rings in concert about a common center, lateral wings pivotally connected at their inner ends to said rings, wing-actuating means carried by; the body, driving connections between said means andthe forward and rear wings, driving connections between said means and the lateral wings, front and rear vertical rudders connected with the body, and manual means carried by the body to enable the operator to turn said rudders.

2. In a flying machine, the combination of a body, upright revoluble rings mounted in the sides of the body, lateral wings pivotally connected to said rings, crank shafts, carried by said rings and having miter gears, connections between said crank shafts and the wings, transverse shafts occupying the center of movement of said rings and having miter gears intermeshed with those of the crank shafts, wing-actuating means carried by the body and connected with said transverse shafts, and manual means carried by the body to adjust said rings about a common axis; said means connected with the peripheries of the rings.

3. In a flying machine, the combination of a body upright revoluble rings mounted in the sides of the body, lateral wings pivotally connected to said rings, crank shafts, carried by said rings and having miter gears, connections between said crank shafts and the wings, transverse shafts occupying the center of movement of said rings and having miter gears intermeshed with those of the crank shafts, wing-actuating means carried by the body and connected with said transverse shafts, manual means carried by the body to adjust said rings about a common axis, and pivoted shutters carried by the wings and arranged to open on upward movement of the wings and to close on downward movement thereof.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

CLARENCE ERNEST HOLT.

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