US1366460A - Pile - Google Patents

Description

C. S. HOWELL.

PILE.

APPLICATION FILED IAN.17, 1920.

Patented Jan. 25, 1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

'nl' NJI III IIIIIIII C. S. HOWELL.

PILE.

APPLICATION FILED IAN. I?. |920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Patented Jan. 25, 1921.

CLARENCE S. HOWELL, 0F NEW4 YORK, lN'. Y.-

PILE.

Specication of Letters lPatent. Patented Jan, 259 1921.

Application led 'January 1A7, 1920. Serial No. 352,048.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, CLARENCE S, HOWELL, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the borough of the Bronx, in the city and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Iiles, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to precast concrete piles and their drivil apparatus and the object thereof is to pr vide'a precast pile which may be placed in he ground either by driving `it by hammer blows or by jetting it down. The pile may be simultaneously driven and jetted or it ma be jetted part way down and then driven own to a greater penetration. It is a well known fact that in certain locations piles, such as are used for foundation purposes, may be placed in the ground much faster by jetting than by driving, depending upon the character of the soil. It may occur that in placing a long pile into the ground the top strata of soil' encountered will be of such a character that the pile may be jetted down much faster and with less energy than by driving it. After the pile has penetrated to lower depths the soil encountered may,

' on the other hand, be of such nature that the pile may be driven faster than it can be jetted.

In some soils, on the other hand, it is easier to both jet and drive the pile at the same time.

In nearly every instance where the pile is to be used for foundation (purposes the final` penetration is secured by riving.

It will be ap arent, therefore, that in order to be ableto take advantage of these various conditions it is referable to employ a pile which may be eit er jetted or driven or both jetted and driven and the object of my invention is to provide la pile of this character.

Heretofore, where precast concrete piles have been jetted into the ground two general methods have been employed. One is to cast the pile with one or more plpes embedded in the concrete and extending lengthwise therethrough. Streams of water are forced through these pipes under considerable pressure, the water being forced into the ground below the point of the pile for the purpose of dislodging the soil below the point to form a hole into which the pile is lowered by gravity. The other method is to attach one or more pipes to f the exterior of the pile by tying them to it and water is likewise forced through these pipes to dislodge the soil below the point of the p1le, for the pur ose set forth above. One objection to the rst method is that as the pipes are embedded in the concrete the' p1le is not exactly monolithic and it is not desirable to have the pipes remain permaf nently in the pile as they necessarily will in this method.

' Under the second method it isl difficult to maintain the pipes in position around the pile, especially if the latter is' simultaneously jetted and driven. Another disadvantage is due to the difficulty of withdrawing the pipes after the pile has been placed, and generally in this method they are withdrawn. It is necessary that the pipe ends or nozzles discharge under the point of the pile and where the pipes are secured to the exterior of the pile it is difficult to maintain .the nozzles in their proper positions and the pipes are generallyturned in the ground to move the nozzles free of the point of the pile to permit the pipes to be withdrawn.

The present invention overcomes all the objections heretofore encountered. The present invention preferablyv embodies the features ofthe invention shown and described in my copending application Ser. No. 48533. In the present case a driving form composed of channel members partially incloses the pile, so that the total earth friction is dividedbetweenthe pile -itself and its driving form. One or preferably a plurality of pipes for jetting are -disposed in free spaces between this driving form and the pile. Thus, the pipes are not disposed within the pile itself nor, on the other-hand, are they in contact with the earth and subjected to earth friction. The

the detailed description which follows.

In the drawings forming part of this application,

Figure 1 is an elevation, partly in section, of the pile ready to be placed in the ground,

nozzles are formed in the driving point of Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross section, taken on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the driving point with part only of the concrete of the pile shown,

Fig. 4 is an inverted plan view of one member of the driving point,

Fig. 5 is a sectionalview taken on the line 5 5 of Fig. 3. v l

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken on the line 6 6 of Fig. 3, and

Fig. 7 .is a vertical sectional view of the driving point and the lower end of the pile, and showing the jetting pipes.

As stated above, the present invention mayv be combined with the one shown in my said acopending application to at once secure the advantages of both inventions and I will herein describe the present invention as thus embodied though I wish it to be understood that in its broadest aspect my present invention isA not limited to use with that of my said copendin application.

I will rst describe the preferred form of pile and its driving form.

The pile, as stated above, is a precast shaft of concrete of monolithic construction, and I have indicated this shaft as 1 in the drawings. While this shaft may have any cross sectional shape I prefer to make itgen'erally rectangular in cross section with its corners chamfered as shown at 2 to provide the necessary space for the reception of the jetting pipes. This concrete shaft may be of any length and it is cast with a metal driving point 3 as an integral part thereof. The point is shown hollow, with diagonal, integral webs 4 for stii'ening the point, which is otherwisehollow, and to provide means to which the reinforcing bars may be securely and permanently tied. The en-k tire interior of the driving point, except for the spaceoccu ied by the webs 4, is filled with concrete orming part of the shaft 1 and which is cast above ground simultaneously therewith.

The reinforcing bars 5 are embedded in lthe concrete shaft, being placed in position before the concrete is poured and these bars extend throughout substantially the length of the pile and they may extend beyond the head of the pile atitheir upper ends. At their lower ends 6 these bars are securely and permanently tied to the several webs 4 so that the driving point, concrete and reinforcing bars become integral parts of the complete pile. These bars 5 are preferably disposed as shown in the drawings, in order that the stresses exerted through thein will be distributed throughout the entire cross section of the pile. n

The driving point herein shown is constructed in two sections 3 and 7 the former containing the webs 4. The member 7 is made separate to permit the reinforcing bars 5 to be inserted through the opening 8 and to be tied to the webs '4 before the pile is cast. After these rods have been thus in serted, the separate member 7 is `placed on the lower end of the member 3 and it has a central dowel 9 which projects into the conlcrete and maintains the member 7 centered.

point may be formed in a describedhere as they form the subject matter of another application.

The channels 10 are disposed at opposite sides of the pile l and they partially inclose the pile; that is, they inclose the opposite sides 12, 13 and .their angular webs 13a extend partly around the sidcs'l4, 15 of the pile. Thus, parts of the sides 14, 15 are exposed to earth friction whereas the earth friction which would otherwise develop on the sides 12,13 of the pile comes on the driving channels. This results in a division of .the total earth friction between the pile and the driving form. The pile 1 has its corners cut away or chamfered at 2 to provide longitudinal spaces 16 between the pile and the inclosing channels, and these spaces are preferably rovided at the four corners ofthe pile. he pipes 17 for jetting purposes are arranged vertically in the spaces 16, so that each pipe lies between a corner of the pile and the adjacent portion of one ,of the channels. The driving point is formed with jetting nozzles 18 extending vertically from the top face 19 and near each corner, through the .driving point. They are preferabl elongated as shown, and they open throug the under or angular surfaces 20 of-the driving point so that the streams of water will be discharged under pressure below the driv- Y ing point. The upper portions of the nozzles terminate in round sockets 21 into which A the lower ends of the pipes 17 are detachably fitted.

. The upper endsof the pipes 17 may be provided with elbows 22 and with sections 23 which are carried through apertures 24 in the channels. On the outer ends of the section 23 flexible pipes or tubes (not shown) are 'connected and these are supplied with water under pressure from any source-invany well known manner.

The jetting pipes 17 are carried bythe driving channels from which they need not be detached between different driving operations. When the pile is being prepared for driving, the channels 10 are supported upright in the pile driver, withthe pipes 17 arranged in the corners of the channels, and the pile 1 is either placedhbetween .the channels or else it is placed against one of the channels and the other channel is then of the channels are securely held by the driving head 11.

If desired, the pilemayv be jetted down during the first part of the penetration and then final penetration may be obtained by driving the pile with the hammer of the pile driver. Or, in some cases, it may occur that a hard -top earth stratum may be better penetrated by iirstdriving the pile and a softer, lower stratum may be more rapidly penetrated by jetting the pile after the higher, hard'stratum has been penetrated. In some cases the character of the soil may be such that more rapid penetration may be' obtained by jetting and simultaneously driving the pile. The present device issuited for each and all of these operations. If, for example, the pile is to be first jetted and 'then driven, the procedure will be as follows: IVater under pressure will he forced through the pipes 17 and it will be discharged through the nozzles 18 under the driving point serving to dislodge the soil to form a hole into which the pile is lowered by its own gravity. The water will have a tendency to flow upwardly along the channels 1() as it is characteristic for water to flow along a smooth surface in preference to flowing throughthe soil. Thus the water will flow along the surfaces of the chan.- nels and rise to the surface of the ground and in doing so it will lubricate the surfaces of the channels which are in contact with the earth. This tendency of the water to flow upwardly along the channels will also keep the water from flowing out through the earth andreaching other piles previously driven in adjacent positions.

As the soil is displaced by the jets and the pile is lowered, penetration will finally reach a point where the pile either fails to move or where its penetration is very slow. In any case, it is advisable that final penetration be had by driving. Therefore, when the jetting operation is finished the hammer of the pile driver is caused to act on the driving block 27, the flow of water through the pipes having been discontinued. The force of the blows acts on the driving channels 10 to overcome the resistance duc to earth friction on these channels and the remainder of the force is applied to the'driving point. Part of this force is utilized to overcome resistance to penetration of the point. The remainder of the force places the reinforcing rods in tension and this force -is distributed throughout the length and entire cross section of the pile, serving,

together with gravity, to pull' the pile intothe ground. The force thus acting on the pile is sufficient toovercome the earth ,friction developed'upon the exposed portions of the concrete pile.`

It will be obvious that the jett'ing and driving operations may proceed simultaneously, orthese operations may be alternated 1n any way which will give the best results f in the particular soils encountered. y

After the pile has been lowered to fina penetra-tion the driving form 10 and jetting pipes 17 are withdrawn. Vhere feasible,'both channels may be Withdrawn from the ground endwise as a unit. Or, where necessary, one of the channels may be uncoupled from the driving head 11 and the channels may be withdrawn se arately.

The jetting pipes 17 are pre erabl withdrawn with the channels. As the c annels are pulled upwardly the'projections 25 disengage from the driving point, and the channels, together with the pipes 17, are pulled up'to the top of the ground, and they are then ready for use on another pile.

It will be observed that with the present device I am able to secure all the advantages set forth in my said copending application and in addition, I provide for-the jetting operation. In the present construction the jet,- ting pipes may be coupled with the nozzles in the driving point while the pile is above ground. While the pile is penetrating the soil the jetting pipes are not subjected to earth friction because they lie in the spaces 16 between the pile and the driving channels, being inclosed by the latter. Therefore, these pipes are not subject to displacement in relation to the ile and driving point during penetration. n the other hand, the pipes are not cast integral with the pile, so that the latter is not weakened by the presence of the pipes within its cross section. Furthermore, the pipes are not permanently attachedwithin or to the pile so that they may be readily withdrawn and used over again. These pipes 17 are not only free of earth friction while the pile is being lowered but they are protected to a great extent from earth friction while being withdrawn, by the channels. y f

Having described my invention, what I claim is:`

1. A solid, precast, concrete pile, a driving form partially inclosing the pile and a pipe for conducting a liquid to the lower end of the pile and disposed between the pile and said driving form.

2. A solid, precast, concrete pile, a driving form partially inclosing the pile and constructed to leave a portion of the pile subject to earth friction, and a pipe for conducting liquid to the lower end of the pile, i

3. A solid, precast concrete pile, having chamfered corners, a driving form partially inclosing the pile and constructed to leave a portion of the pile subject to earth friction, and pipes vfor conductin liquid to the lower end of the pile dispose between said chamfered corners of the pile and said driving form and protected by the latter from earth friction.

4. A solid, precast, concrete pile having chamfered corners, a driving form comprising channels inclosing opposite surfaces of the pile to relieve the latter of earth friction, and having webs inclosing the chamfered corners of the pile, and pi es for conducting liquid to the lower end o the pile, disposed between said chamfered corners of the pile and said channels and protected by the latter from earth friction.

5. A solid, precast, concrete structed to leave a portion of the pile subject to earth friction, and pipes for conducting liquid to the lower end of the ile, disposed between the ile and said drivlng form and protected by t e latter from earth friction and constructed to be simultaneously withdrawn, with said driving form after the pile has been driven. v

6. A solid, precast concrete pile, an integra'l driving point thereon, reinforcing bars embedded in said ile and having their lower ends tied to said pille, a driving form partially inclosing the pi e and conriving point, a driv- Inozzles formed therein to discharge liquid below said point, a driving 'form partially inclosing said pile, and jetting pipes disposed between'said pile and sald form and protected from earth friction by the latter, saidjetting pipes being detachably connected wlth said jetting nozzles.

8. A solid, precast, concrete pile of rectangular cross section, having chamfered corners, an integral driving polnt having a rectangular top, and provided with jetting nozzles, for dlscharging liquid below said point, a driving form partially inclosing said pile, and jetting pipes disposed between said chamfered corners of the pile and said driving form and protected from earth friction by the latter, said jetting pipes being detachably connected with said nozzles in the drivin point and adapted to be withdrawn wit thedriving form.

Signed at the city, count and State of New York, this7th da of anua 1920.

CLAREN E S.' HO ELL.

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