TWI578995B - 利尿鈉肽受體npr-b促效劑之用途 - Google Patents
利尿鈉肽受體npr-b促效劑之用途 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI578995B TWI578995B TW102114512A TW102114512A TWI578995B TW I578995 B TWI578995 B TW I578995B TW 102114512 A TW102114512 A TW 102114512A TW 102114512 A TW102114512 A TW 102114512A TW I578995 B TWI578995 B TW I578995B
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Description
本發明關於一種骨修復促進劑,係含有C型利尿鈉肽(CNP)或CNP衍生物所代表之利尿鈉肽受體NPR-B促效劑作為有效成分。
骨骼系統由骨組織與軟骨組織構成,與肌肉共同負責身體各部之運動,另外,頭蓋骨與脊柱內部有中樞神經組織與部分內臟,而擔負著保護避免來自外部物理壓力之功能。此外骨骼系統為鈣與磷等之重要儲藏庫,骨骼內部具有作為血液細胞產生場所之機能。人的骨骼系統由約200個骨骼形成,可由其形狀與性質分為數種類。在被稱為長骨或管狀骨之骨骼中,包含肱骨與大腿骨,特徵在於長管狀之骨幹兩端有著膨脹之骨骺。表面看來長骨由緻密之骨骼(緻密骨)構成,但其內部為疏質結構物(海綿骨),內有骨髓。骨骺表層為延續緻密骨之薄皮質,內部由薄骨質交錯之海綿骨構成。
一般認為,即使當長骨由於強烈外力等造成骨組織受損,或者由於治療上需要而施行截骨處理等狀況時,生物體具有對其反應而將骨骼修復至原有形狀與強度之機能。此時,關係到藉由多種細胞與體液因子高
度控制之複雜活體反應。
目前,骨折治療係由外科方式進行,但在治療期間中,時間長且必須固定患部等,對患者負擔大。亦有修復不足導致再度骨折或骨骼形成異常等風險。伴有重度損傷或骨質疏鬆症.老化所伴隨之骨骼脆弱化等背景之病例中,治療更為長期化之可能性高。因此,骨修復促進劑要求促進骨修復、縮短其之期間或使修復後骨骼形狀與強度恢復正常。但是,能達成該等要求之藥劑目前仍未有達到實用階段者。
骨折的治癒過程由炎症期、修復期、重塑期之3階段略為相互重疊而進行(非專利文獻1)。首先,剛骨折時(炎症期)受損之軟組織或骨碎片或內出血之血液等將由免疫細胞除去。由於免疫細胞活動與血流量增加,骨折部位的周圍腫脹產生壓迫疼痛,藉由伴隨著患部之血腫形成的炎症反應,誘導未分化間葉細胞至局部,該細胞分化為後續之修補期中扮演重要角色之成骨細胞與破骨細胞等的骨形成細胞或軟骨細胞。
修復期始於骨折後數日內,需要數週至數個月時間,修復之新骨骼(外骨痂)形成於此時期。骨折間隙的血腫去除,形成成為肉芽組織的軟骨痂,軟骨痂漸進取代為硬骨痂之過程(軟骨內骨化)與藉由存在於骨膜之骨形成細胞形成新生骨之過程(膜內骨化)並行進行。此骨痂形成與其後取代為較強固結構之過程中,已知成骨細胞、破骨細胞、軟骨細胞等多種細胞相互控制活性。該等細胞被認為是炎症期誘導至損傷部位之具有多潛
能之未分化間葉細胞所分化出。該未分化間葉細胞被認為是骨或軟骨之細胞、脂肪細胞、肌肉細胞及纖維母細胞等之共通的前驅細胞,分別由組織特異之轉錄調節因子控制(非專利文獻2),於骨折部位,亦可推測其關係到複數之轉錄調節因子。
重塑期中,骨骼修復至原本之正常狀態,但需要長達數個月之期間。此過程中,低密度之外骨痂逐漸被再度吸收,取代為正常骨骼,最終將恢復正常形狀與強度。換言之,骨修復並非骨癒合後便完成,骨癒合後之骨折部形狀及骨質復原,即骨痂重塑之進行對於骨折部的力學恢復相當重要。
一方面,生物體成長之骨成長過程中亦進行骨形成,但此與骨修復過程為不同生理現象。長骨之成長係骨骺中軟骨組織之形成與取代為骨骼的不斷重複而使骨骼延伸。骨幹與骨骺間有生長板軟骨(骨骺軟骨),隨軟骨細胞之分化階段,自關節軟骨面至骨幹部可區分為靜止軟骨細胞、增殖軟骨細胞及肥大軟骨細胞之3層。長骨藉由存在於關節側之前驅細胞分化為靜止軟骨細胞之附加生長,與伴隨增殖軟骨細胞增殖而成長之間質成長的2種方式伸長。增殖軟骨細胞於某一定部位同時肥大化形成肥大軟骨細胞,肥大軟骨細胞周圍之軟骨基質中出現基質囊泡,此囊泡為軟骨石灰化之起點。石灰化之軟骨基質將被消化、吸收。此時,軟骨與骨之交界處,血管進入收納肥大軟骨細胞之軟骨腔隙,同時於該部分出現將軟骨破壞、吸收之破軟骨細胞,吸收石灰化之軟
骨基質,肥大軟骨細胞自身亦分泌MMP-3或MMP-13等基質金屬蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase)將軟骨基質分解。破軟骨細胞出現稍後,成骨細胞進入軟骨基質內,形成初級骨小梁。如此,血管與破軟骨細胞進入軟骨腔隙,分解石灰化軟骨基質,藉由於軟骨基質消失後之間隙的成骨細胞連續進行骨基質的添加,骨骺中軟骨增加,其取代為骨骼而使長管伸長。該骨成長舞台之成長板,成熟後便骨化消失(非專利文獻3)。
C型利尿鈉肽(C-type Natriuretic Peptide:CNP)為一種作用於軟骨細胞,於骨成長中擔任重要角色之肽激素(非專利文獻4及非專利文獻5等)。利尿鈉肽係特異結合於含有鳥苷酸環化酶之利尿鈉肽受體,使鳥苷酸環化酶活性化,調整細胞內cGMP濃度而發揮各種生理活性之一連串肽激素總稱。哺乳類中,主要已知有心房利尿鈉肽(Atrial Natriuretic Peptide:ANP)、腦利尿鈉肽(Brain Natriuretic Peptide:BNP)以及CNP之3種。ANP與BNP為NPR-A(Natriuretic Peptide Receptor-A,別稱:GC-A)之促效劑,主要擔負調整體液量之角色,已作為心臟衰竭之治療藥於臨床應用。
CNP在1990年首先發現於腦內,當初推測其係作為腦神經肽發揮機能,後來發現亦存在於末梢。初期之基礎研究中,亦有報告指出於軟骨組織以外,亦表現於成骨細胞與對骨吸收具有作用(非專利文獻6及非專利文獻7)。生物體中CNP之生理作用,根據目前為止之研究,報告出CNP基因剔除大鼠表現出明顯以骨骼異常
為主之成長遲緩,此表現型與軟骨特異CNP基因轉殖大鼠交配而得到遺傳拯救(resue)(非專利文獻4),藉由對全身或軟骨特異CNP基因轉殖大鼠或正常大鼠持續靜脈內投藥CNP-22,將促進成長板軟骨的增殖而促進骨伸長(非專利文獻5、非專利文獻8)等,確認對骨成長中軟骨形成,特別是對成長板軟骨擔任非常重要角色。
CNP基因轉殖大鼠之體長隨著長骨長軸方向之過度成長而增長。此大鼠藉由成長板的組織化學分析,確認1)增殖軟骨細胞層及肥大軟骨細胞層之伸長導致成長板增厚,2)增殖軟骨細胞層之細胞外基質增大,3)成熟肥大軟骨細胞增大。該等事實外,同大鼠之成長板的肥大軟骨細胞層中,未觀察到BrdU染色所表示出軟骨細胞增殖之明顯變化,因此認為與其說CNP有助於成長板的軟骨細胞之分化或增殖,不如說是促進成長板的各分化階段中軟骨細胞之分化表徵的表現(非專利文獻8)。
從該知識,可期待CNP對於產生或成長過程中軟骨形成不全之改善效果,可期待臨床應用於軟骨成長不全症為首之侏儒症治療藥之可能性(非專利文獻9)。又,非專利文獻10中,報告關於藉由CNP控制關節軟骨中所含軟骨細胞之分化。
諸如此類,已知CNP對骨、軟骨之作用,係關於控制骨成長中成長板與關節軟骨相關之軟骨形成,尚未有相關報告對於經歷與骨成長相異過程之骨折與截骨治療中骨修復過程之作用。
目前為止,針對數種體液因子進行各種探討
對於骨修復之應用。例如,藉由骨形態發生因子(Bone morphogenic factoe,BMP)或鹼性纖維母細胞生長因子(bFGF)等細胞成長因子之局部投藥,以促進骨修復為目標之研究盛行,bFGF有增大骨痂之作用,報告指出臨床實驗中直接投藥於骨折部位局部能縮短治療期間(非專利文獻11),但動物實驗中,確認對骨密度與力學強度無影響,認為未能直接促進骨癒合。又,報告指出將已知具有使成骨細胞活性化作用之甲狀腺激素(PTH)以低用量間歇性投藥於全身,可顯著增加骨痂之骨密度與力學強度,但已知PTH具有誘導破骨細胞活性化之作用,亦被指出使症狀惡化之可能性(非專利文獻12)。又,有產生骨原性肉瘤等副作用發生之可能性顧慮(非專利文獻13)。諸如此般,對於骨修復發揮充分作用效果之骨修復促進藥未達實用,而期望新藥劑之發現、開發。
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本發明之課題係提供一種醫藥品,對於骨折治療中具代表性之骨修復機制有促進作用。
本發明者等,針對骨折的治癒過程中促進骨修復之藥劑積極討論之結果,發現藉由對骨折模式大鼠
反覆皮下投藥CNP衍生物,骨折部位之力學強度恢復至骨折前狀態之時間點早於非藥劑投藥組,基於該等知識更進一步加以研究,而完成本發明。
本發明係提供以下之發明。
(1)提供一種骨修復促進劑,至少含有一種類之利尿鈉肽受體NPR-B促效劑作為有效成分。
(2)如(1)之骨修復促進劑,其NPR-B促效劑係C型利尿鈉肽(CNP)、其活性片段、該等之變異體、該等之衍生物或該等之修飾物,或者為抗利尿鈉肽受體NPR-B抗體。
(3)如(1)記載之骨修復促進劑,其特徵在於NPR-B促效劑為hCNP-22(序列編號1)、hCNP6-22(序列編號1之胺基酸編號6至22)或hCNP-53(序列編號2)、該等之變異體、該等之衍生物或該等之修飾物。
(4)如(1)記載之骨修復促進劑,其特徵在於NPR-B促效劑為hCNP-22或hCNP6-22之衍生物或修飾物。
(5)如(2)至(4)記載之骨修復促進劑,其特徵在於衍生物為來自免疫球蛋白Fc部之肽、血清白蛋白及腦腸肽之C端側部分肽中所選擇之至少一種的附加肽,結合於hCNP-22或hCNP6-22之N端、C端或其雙方者。
(6)如(5)記載之骨修復促進劑,其衍生物為自序列編號2之N端連續缺失1個以上30個以下胺基酸之胺基酸序列,或者從序列編號6至15中選擇之任一種。
(7)如(2)至(4)記載之骨修復促進劑,其特徵在於修飾物為PEG或其相關物質等之親水性聚合物結合於hCNP-22、hCNP6-22或hCNP-53之N端、C端或其雙方。
(8)如(1)記載之骨修復促進劑,其NPR-B促效劑為序列編號2、序列編號2之胺基酸編號18至53、序列編號13及序列編號15中任一之胺基酸序列所構成之肽。
(9)如(1)至(8)中任一項記載之骨修復促進劑,其特徵在於縮短骨損傷部之骨修復期間。
(10)如(1)至(8)中任一項記載之骨修復促進劑,其特徵在於使骨修復後之骨強度及/或骨組織的連續性恢復至與對應之非骨折部位同等程度。
(11)如(1)至(8)中任一項記載之骨修復促進劑,其特徵在於骨修復之骨痂形成階段中投藥,骨痂形成的後期或結束後停止投藥而達成促進骨修復。
(12)如(1)至(11)中任一項記載之骨修復促進劑,其特徵為用於骨折的治療。
再者,本發明提供一種骨修復的促進方法,係使用前述(1)至(12)中任一項記載之骨修復促進劑,作為該骨修復促進劑有效成分使用之NPR-B促效劑,及其使用,換言之提供以下發明。
(13)一種促進骨修復之方法,包含以有效量之NPR-B促效劑對需要骨修復之對象投藥。
(14)一種治療骨折之方法,包含以有效量之NPR-B促效劑對骨折患者投藥。
(15)一種NPR-B促效劑,為了促進骨修復而對需要骨修復之對象使用。
(16)如(15)記載之NPR-B促效劑,為了治療骨折而對骨折患者使用。
本發明之NPR-B促效劑,具有藉由促進骨折治癒過程之骨修復,使骨折治療期間縮短之功效。再者,藉由使修復後之骨強度復原至與骨折前同等程度,改善治療預後,再骨折之風險等亦少。
第1圖係大鼠骨折模式中,藥劑投藥8週後之大腿骨的軟X射線圖。上段(Group 1)為對照組,中段(Group 2)為CNP衍生物A 10nmol/kg投藥組,下段(Group 3)為CNP衍生物A 100nmol/kg投藥組。各個體左右大腿骨以RL的順序從左側排列,每1組表示10隻份。R為無處理之右足,L為實施骨折術之左足的大腿骨。
第2圖係大鼠封閉性大腿骨骨折模式中,表示骨折處理4週後之大腿骨強度圖表。斜線柱為載體投藥組,黑色柱為CNP衍生物A投藥組,R為無處理之右大腿骨,L為實施骨折處理之左大腿骨。又縱軸表示骨之剛性(N×mm/deg)。
第3圖係表示第2圖所示骨強度測定值分布之直方圖。3A為無處理之右大腿骨,3B為實施骨折處理之左大腿骨之結果。斜線柱為載體投藥組,黑色柱為CNP衍生物投藥組。橫軸表示剛性(N×mm/deg)等級,縱軸表示歸屬於各剛性等級之例數。
第4圖係大鼠封閉性大腿骨骨折模式中,表示骨折處理一週後之大腿骨各基因(4A:sox9基因,4B:第2型膠
原蛋白基因,4C:第10型膠原蛋白基因)的表現程度圖表。斜線柱為載體投藥組,黑色柱為CNP衍生物A投藥組,Sham為Sham處理之大鼠,骨折為骨折處理之大鼠,各自表示其左大腿骨之結果。縱軸表示以泛蛋白C之mRNA表現程度修正後之各基因的mRNA表現程度。
第5圖係大鼠封閉性大腿骨骨折模式中,表示各種NPR-B促效劑之效果(5A:血中cGMP濃度,5B:骨折處理後左大腿骨之骨折部骨痂徑,5C:骨折處理之大腿骨中第10型膠原蛋白基因表現量)。全部的圖表中,斜線柱表示載體投藥組,黑色柱表示NPR-B促效劑投藥組(自左方開始,為CNP衍生物A、hCNP-53、CNP衍生物C、CNP衍生物D)。
第5圖A中,縱軸表示血中cGMP濃度。第5圖B中,縱軸表示骨痂的直徑(mm)。第5圖C中,縱軸表示以泛蛋白C之mRNA表現程度修正後之第10型膠原蛋白基因的mRNA表現程度。
本發明中,「利尿鈉肽受體NPR-B促效劑」意指結合於B型利尿鈉肽受體(Natriuretic Peptide Receptor-B,通稱Guanylate Cyclase B(GC-B),亦表示為「NPR-B」),意謂具有其活性化鳥苷酸環化酶作用(以下稱「NPR-B促效劑活性」)之物質,亦簡稱為「NPR-B促效劑」。代表性之NPR-B促效劑可舉例如C型利尿鈉肽(C-Type Natriuretic Peptide:CNP)。本發明之NPR-B促
效劑,若為具有NPR-B促效劑活性之物質便無特別限定,可使用CNP、其活性片段及該等之變異體、該等之衍生物及該等之修飾物等。又,即使為不具有與CNP結構上之共通性的肽或低分子化合物,若具有NPR-B促效劑活性,便包含於本發明之促效劑。
本發明中CNP可列舉由22個胺基酸所構成,來自人體之CNP-22(hCNP-22:GLSKGCFGLK LDRIGSMSGL GC:序列編號1,具有豬及大鼠等哺乳類共通之胺基酸序列)、來自人體之CNP-53(hCNP-53,胺基酸序列:DLRVDTKSRA AWARLLQEHP NARKYKGANK KGLSKGCFGL KLDRIGSMSG LGC:序列編號2)、來自雞之CNP-22(GLSRSCFGVK LDRIGSMSGL GC:序列編號3)、來自蛙類之CNP-22(GYSRGCFGVK LDRIGAFSGL GC:序列編號4)等。
各種CNP中,藉由序列中所含2個C殘基間的雙硫鍵而形成之環狀結構(例如,hCNP-22中,序列編號1之第6位C與第22位C間雙硫鍵結形成環狀結構)被認為對NPR-B受體之結合與活性表現為重要(Furuya,M.et al.Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.,(1992),183,No 3,p.964-969,Silver,MA,,Curr.Opin.Nephrol.Hypertens.(2006),15,p14-21,Calderone,A.Minerva Endocrinol.(2004),29,p.113-127)。根據Furuya等之報告,其報告僅由環狀結構構成之肽CNP6-22(由序列編號1之胺基酸編號6至22所構成之肽)或環狀結構之N端與C端各自附加ANP的環狀結構之N端側及C端側之序列,亦表現與
hCNP-22大略相同程度之NPR-B促效劑活性,於hCNP-22之第9位L與第10位K具有變異之肽,其活性減弱,但此外之部位(例如第16位S與第17位M)具有變異之肽或ANP之第10至12位的胺基酸序列取代為相對應hCNP-22之序列L-K-L(序列編號1之第9位至第11位)之肽,表現與hCNP-22大略相同程度之NPR-B促效劑活性等。從該等知識,對於NPR-B促效劑活性重要之環狀結構之胺基酸序列,係CFGLKLDRIG-Xaa1-Xaa2-SGLGC(在此,Xaa1表示S或A,Xaa2表示M、F或E:序列編號5),此序列稱為「環狀結構序列」。
本發明中,具有生物活性之肽或蛋白質之「活性片段」,意謂由關係到該肽或蛋白質生物活性之部位構成,且至少保持一部分該肽或蛋白質具有之生物活性。本發明中CNP之活性片段,可使用由序列編號1至4中任一胺基酸序列之至少一部分胺基酸序列構成,且具有NPR-B促效劑活性之肽。該等活性片段可列舉由前述環狀結構序列(序列編號5之胺基酸序列)所構成之肽,其具體例可列舉hCNP6-22、序列編號1、3或4之胺基酸序列的第1位至第5位中包含第1位之連續胺基酸部分或全部缺損之肽、序列編號2之胺基酸序列第1位至第31位中,包含第1位之連續胺基酸部分或全部缺損之肽等,但不限定為該等,具有環狀結構序列,且具有NPR-B促效劑活性者,便可採用作為本發明之CNP的活性片段。
本發明之NPR-B促效劑可採用前述活性片段本身,又活性片段之N端、C端或其雙方附加1至複數的
胺基酸之肽(活性片段之衍生物),只要保持所需之促效劑活性,亦可採用。此等肽可列舉hCNP6-22之N端、C端及其雙方附加來自ANP之C端及N端序列之肽(Furuya,M.et al,Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.,(1992),183,No 3,p.964-969)等。
本發明中,具有生物活性之肽或蛋白質之「變異體」,意謂該肽或蛋白質之胺基酸序列的1處至數處中,1個至數個胺基酸取代、缺失、插入及/或附加(以下稱「取代等」)者,且至少保持部分該肽或蛋白質具有之生物活性。「數處」通常為3處,宜為2處。「數個」通常為10個,宜為5個,較佳為3個,更佳為2個。當複數處被取代等時,可為取代、缺失、插入及/或附加之任一種,亦可為二種以上組合。又,被取代等之胺基酸可為天然存在之胺基酸,亦可為其醯化物等的修飾物,亦可為人工合成之胺基酸類似物。又,被取代等之部位,只要保持部分原有之肽或蛋白質之活性,可選擇任何部位,宜為將該原有之肽或蛋白質之活性部位或受體結合部位以外之處取代等。
例如CNP之變異體,只要保持NPR-B促效劑活性,可採用將所需部位取代等者,宜列舉保持前述環狀結構序列,此外之部位被取代等之肽。具體而言,CNP之變異體只要具有NPR-B促效劑活性,序列編號1至4記載之胺基酸序列中所需之1至複數處中1至複數個胺基酸可被取代等,宜為序列編號1至4任一種記載之胺基酸序列中,序列編號5所示胺基酸以外之胺基酸中1處至數處
之1個至數個胺基酸被取代等,較佳為序列編號1、3或4記載之胺基酸序列中,第1至第5位中任意1處至數處之1個至數個胺基酸被取代等,或者序列編號2記載之胺基酸序列中,第1至第31位中任意1處至數處之1個至數個胺基酸被取代等。
本發明之NPR-B促效劑,亦可採用前述變異體本身,又其N端、C端或其雙方附加1至複數的胺基酸之肽(變異體之衍生物),只要保持所需之促效劑活性,亦可採用。
CNP變異體之具體例,有報告指出hCNP-22之第17位與第18位具有變異之肽,具有與hCNP-22相同之NPR-B促效劑活性,該等變異體環狀結構部分之N端與C端取代為來自ANP之序列之變異體衍生物,亦表現出hCNP-22的活性中90%左右之NPR-B促效劑活性,第9位至第11位任一處具有變異之肽表現出hCNP-22之50%以上的NPR-B促效劑活性,第10位與第11位的雙方具有變異之肽,具有hCNP-22之40%以上的NPR-B促效劑活性等(Furuya,M.et al,Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.,(1992),183,No 3,p.964-969)。又,其他文獻中記載,hCNP-22之各種變異體保持NPR-B促效劑活性,其中進一步具有對於CNP的分解酵素之中性肽鏈內切酶(NEP)之切斷的耐性等(WO2009/067639號公報)。
本發明中,具有生物活性之肽或蛋白質之「衍生物」,意謂包含有該肽或蛋白質之胺基酸序列,進一步附加其他的肽或蛋白質之融合肽,且保持部分該生
理活性肽或蛋白質所具有生物活性之融合肽。此等至少具有部分生物活性(本發明中,係結合於NPR-B,將該鳥苷酸環化酶活性化之作用)之融合肽,亦稱為生理活性肽衍生物。本發明之衍生物中,原本之生理活性肽或蛋白質之C端或N端之一方融合於附加肽,亦可C端及N端之雙方融合於附加肽。附加肽無特別限定,宜為其自身不具有生理活性者。又,附加肽可直接鍵結,亦可透過1至數個的胺基酸構成之連結序列結合。連結序列已知有多種序列,常用為多包含G及S等之序列。該等附加肽,可列舉免疫球蛋白(宜為IgG)之Fc部位、血清白蛋白、腦腸肽之C端側部分序列等。用於本發明的NPR-B促效劑之衍生物,可舉例如CNP(宜為hCNP-22或hCNP-53)之衍生物、CNP之活性片段(宜為hCNP6-22)之衍生物等,宜為hCNP-22之衍生物或hCNP6-22之衍生物。
CNP之衍生物之具體例,可舉例如美國專利公開US2010-305031號公報所開示之各種CNP衍生物(該美國專利公開公報中序列編號109、110、124至130、157及158)等。在此有報告指出,於ANP、CNP及腸動素等之生理活性肽附加來自腦腸肽之C端側部分序列之衍生物,可保持原本之肽的生理活性,改善血中滯留性。此報告中,於CNP之N端或C端之任一方及其雙方附加包含來自腦腸肽之C端Wk-Xl-Y-Zm-Wn(在此,W為Lys、Arg等之鹼性胺基酸,Y為Asp、Glu等之酸性胺基酸,X與Z可為相同或相異之酸性胺基酸、鹼性胺基酸以外任意之胺基酸。K及n表示互相獨立之整數1或2,l及m表示互相獨
立之自然數0、1或2。此等序列宜列舉RKESKK、RKDSKK、RKSEKK、RKSDKK等)之肽之多種衍生物中任一種,皆保持NPR-B促效劑活性,其血中半衰期延長。該公報之記載係全部包含於本說明書之記載。
又,CNP或其活性片段之衍生物,hCNP-22之C端附加ANP之C端部分之肽,以及hCNP6-22之N端及C端附加ANP之N端部分及C端部分之肽(CNP活性片段的衍生物)中,亦保持與hCNP-22相同程度之NPR-B促效劑活性(Furuya,M.et al,Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.,(1992),183,No 3,p.964-969)。再者,其他文獻中記載,hCNP-22及hCNP-53之各種衍生物保有NPR-B促效劑活性,其中複數之衍生物進一步具有NEP分解耐性等(WO2009/067639號公報)。此國際專利公開公報記載之衍生物中,亦報告有本說明書中定義為CNP衍生物D之序列編號15之胺基酸序列所構成衍生物,其對於軟骨發育不全症模式大鼠之藥理效果(Florence L.,et al,Am.J.Hum.Genet.(2012),91(6),pp1108-1114:本文:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000292971200537X:Supplement::http://download.cell.com/AJHG/mmcs/journals/0002-9297/PIIS000292971200537X.mmc1.pdf)。
更進一步而言,本發明之CNP-22的衍生物,可列舉CNP-53之胺基酸序列(序列編號2)中,缺失自N端連續1個以上30個以下的胺基酸之胺基酸序列所構成之肽。該等衍生物宜為hCNP-53(序列編號2)之自N端連續缺
失10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24或25個胺基酸之胺基酸序列所構成之肽,較宜為hCNP-53之自N端連續缺失17個的胺基酸之hCNP-36(序列編號2之胺基酸編號18~53之胺基酸序列所構成之肽,CNP衍生物C)。
該等各種CNP衍生物及CNP活性片段的衍生物,可適用於本發明之NPR-B促效劑。較佳為序列編號2中,自N端缺失1個以上30個以下(宜為25個以下,更佳為20個以下)之連續胺基酸之胺基酸序列所構成衍生物,或者,序列編號6至15中所選擇任一之衍生物,更佳為CNP衍生物A(序列編號13)、CNP衍生物C(序列編號2之胺基酸編號18至53)、或者CNP衍生物D(序列編號15)。
本發明中,具有生物活性之肽或蛋白質之「修飾物」,意謂該肽或蛋白質所含胺基酸之1處至數處,係藉由與其他化學物質之化學反應而被修飾者,且至少保持一部分該肽或蛋白質具有之生物活性。受修飾部位,只要保持原本之肽或蛋白質活性,可選擇任意部位。例如附加聚合物般有一定程度大小之化學物質修飾時,宜修飾於肽或蛋白質之活性部位或受體結合部位以外之處。又,為防止分解酵素切斷之修飾,宜修飾於該受切斷處。
例如,CNP之修飾物,只要具有NPR-B促效劑活性,可於序列編號1至4之任一胺基酸序列中修飾所需之1至複數處,宜於序列編號1至4之任一胺基酸序列中,修飾序列編號5所示胺基酸以外之胺基酸中1處至數處
,較佳於序列編號1、3或4之胺基酸序列中,修飾第1至第5位中任意1處至數處。又,賦予對於NEP切斷耐性之修飾時,由於已知各種CNP肽所含之環狀結構中序列編號5之第1位C與第2位F間被切斷,亦可修飾此鍵結。
再者,前述CNP的活性片段、變異體及該等之衍生物之修飾物亦包含於本發明。此等各種修飾物亦只要保持NPR-B促效劑活性,便可用於本發明。
化學修飾方法習知有各種方法,例如聚乙二醇(PEG)及聚乙烯醇(PVA)等製藥技術中所使用(藥理上使用)之高分子聚合物附加方法,或者於K殘基等的側鏈之胺基附加作為連結之化合物,透過該化合物與其他蛋白質(例如血清白蛋白)等鍵結之方法等,但不限定為該等,可採用各種方法。
該等CNP、其活性片段、其變異體及該等之衍生物之修飾物具體例,例如WO2009/067639號公報中所開示,於hCNP-22及hCNP-53結合PEG等之各種親水性聚合物之修飾物,或者將hCNP-22中NEP切斷部位之Cys6-Phe7之肽鍵結取代為-CH2-NH-或-C(=O)-N(R)-(R為甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、n-丁基、異丁基、sec-丁基以及tert-丁基等之低級烷基)等之偽肽鍵結之修飾物的複數係保有NPR-B促效劑活性,又,其中許多具有較hCNP-22改善之血中滯留性。又,關於各種生理活性肽之修飾物之製造方法,可參考例如美國專利公開US2009-0175821號等適當製作。
由於CNP與NPR-B受體之結合中,環狀結構
甚為重要,因此特別是端部鍵結其他序列或物質之衍生物或修飾物,其附加肽與修飾物對環狀結構影響少,而不阻礙與NPR-B受體之結合,可充分期待保有NPR-B促效劑活性。此一事實,已由前述多項文獻證實。
前述的CNP、其活性片段、該等之變異體、該等之衍生物及該等之修飾物,可從天然細胞或組織採取,亦可利用基因工程及細胞工程手法生產,亦可為化學合成,亦可進一步將該等進行酵素處理或化學處理以修飾胺基酸殘基或去除一部分胺基酸序列。此等物質可參考本說明書之記載與引用文獻,循常用方法適當製造。
關於某物質是否具有NPR-B促效劑活性,熟知本業界者可藉由習知方法輕易測定。具體而言,藉由於培養細胞內添加使NPR-B(Suga S.,et al.,Endocrinology(1992),130(1),p.229-239)強制表現之物質,測定細胞內cGMP濃度而可達目的。保持部分NPR-B促效劑活性,意謂使用相同實驗系統,將NPR-B促效劑物質與CNP並列測定NPR-B促效劑活性時,cGMP上升活性之峰值,至少保持為CNP所示cGMP上升活性峰值之10%以上,宜保持為30%以上,較佳為50%以上,更佳為70%以上。又,即使峰值中活性的上升不大,若投藥於活體之活性持續時間、血中滯留性表現出良好結果,亦可用於本發明。
又,對此評估系統添加低分子化合物,若為提高cGMP產生能力之化合物,即使不具有與利尿鈉肽共通之結構(例如低分子化合物),亦可作為NPR-B促效劑使
用於本發明。
再者,關於使用含有NPR-B配位鍵結部位之蛋白質作為抗原,將動物免疫製作抗體,以前述方法鑑別出具有NPR-B促效劑活性之物質,可藉由本技術領域之通常知識實施。以如此方式製作之具有NPR-B促效劑活性之抗NPR-B抗體,亦可用作為本發明之NPR-B促效劑。又,如此用途之抗體,可藉由免疫原動物產生之抗體、嵌合抗體、CDR移植抗體、人類化抗體、完全人類抗體等周知之各種形態製作。又亦可使用以該等抗體為基礎製作之Fab、scFv等之抗體片段。
宜作為本發明NPR-B促效劑之物質,可列舉CNP、具有其環狀結構序列之活性片段、或者其環狀結構序列以外被取代等之變異體、該等之衍生物或修飾物,較佳為hCNP-22、hCNP-53、hCNP6-22、該等之衍生物或該等之修飾物,更佳為hCNP-53、CNP衍生物A(CNP(1-22)Ghrelin(12-28,E17D):序列編號13)、CNP衍生物B(CNP(1-22)Ghrelin(12-28):序列編號8)、CNP衍生物C(序列編號2之胺基酸編號18至53)、CNP衍生物D(序列編號15)及該等之部分肽等。
前述之NPR-B促效劑,用作於骨修復促進劑之有效成分。「骨修復促進劑」意謂具有加速或促進骨折、截骨手術、骨延長手術及骨移植手術等中損傷之骨組織的修復過程之藥劑。藉由該等之作用縮短骨組織修復為止之期間,或者藉由使修復後之骨強度恢復骨折前水準,而可避免再骨折之風險,減輕對象患者之負擔。
本發明之醫藥組成物適用對象,若為頭蓋骨等僅由膜內骨化形成之骨骼以外之骨組織受損患者,則無特別限定,若為對象骨骼,則任意部位之損傷皆可適用,宜為頭部(眼眶骨、顴骨、下顎骨)、體幹部(肋骨、髖骨、頸椎、胸椎、腰椎、骶骨、尾骨)、上肢(肩胛骨、鎖骨、肱骨、肘、橈骨、尺骨、舟骨、鉤骨、掌骨、指骨)、下肢(股關節、大腿骨、脛骨、腓骨、足關節、踵骨、舟骨、蹠骨),較宜為大腿骨、肱骨及肋骨。又,骨組織之損傷形態無特別限定,可舉例如截骨術或骨延長手術所切斷之骨的癒合、骨折(骨斷裂、龜裂、粉碎性骨折、複雜性骨折等)之治療等。
可用作為本發明醫藥組成物之有效成分之物質,若為前述NPR-B促效劑之藥學上容許之鹽類即可。換言之,本發明中可使用前述NPR-B促效劑之無機酸,例如鹽酸、硫酸、磷酸,或者有機酸,例如甲酸、乙酸、丁酸、丁二酸、檸檬酸等之酸附加鹽作為有效成分。或者,本發明中可使用前述物質之鈉、鉀、鋰及鈣等之金屬鹽及有機鹼之鹽形態作為有效成分。又,本發明相關之醫藥組成物,其關係到有效成分之物質可為游離態,或亦可為其藥學上可容許之鹽類。
本發明之醫藥組成物,包含NPR-B促效劑或其藥學上容許之鹽類作為有效成分,進一步使用通常製劑化時所使用之載體或賦形劑、其他添加劑、稀釋劑等調製。製劑用之載體或賦形劑,可舉例如乳糖、硬脂酸鎂、澱粉、滑石、明膠、洋菜、果膠、阿拉伯膠、橄欖
油、芝麻油、可可脂及乙二醇等或其他常用物質。
口服用之固體組成物,可使用錠劑、丸劑、膠囊、粉劑、顆粒劑等。此等固體組成物中,混合至少一種有效成分與至少一種非活性稀釋劑,例如乳糖、甘露醇、葡萄糖、羥丙纖維素、微晶型纖維素、澱粉、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮以及偏矽酸鋁鎂等。組成物依照常用方法,可含有非活性稀釋劑以外之添加物,例如,如硬脂酸鎂之潤滑劑、如羧甲纖維素鈣(Calcium Cellulose Glycolate)之崩解劑、如麩胺酸或天門冬胺酸之助溶劑。錠劑或丸劑可因應需要,以蔗糖、明膠以及羥丙甲基纖維素酞酸酯等之糖衣或胃溶性或腸溶性物質的薄膜包覆,亦可包覆2層以上。再者,亦包含如明膠之可被吸收物質之膠囊。
口服用之液體組成物,含有藥劑上容許之乳濁劑、溶液劑、懸浮劑、糖漿劑及酏劑等,亦可含有一般使用之非活性稀釋劑,例如純化水及乙醇等。此組成物亦可含有非活性稀釋劑以外之潤濕劑、如懸浮劑之輔助劑、甜味劑、風味劑、芳香劑、防腐劑等。
非口服用之注射劑,包含無菌之水性或非水性的溶液劑、懸浮劑及乳濁劑。水性的溶液劑及懸浮劑,包含例如注射用水及注射用生理食鹽水。非水性的溶液劑及懸浮劑,包含例如丙二醇、聚乙二醇、如橄欖油之植物油、如乙醇之醇類以及Polysorbate80(註冊商標)等。此等組成物亦可進一步包含如防腐劑、潤濕劑、乳化劑、分散劑、穩定劑(例如乳糖)以及助溶劑(例如麩胺
酸及天門冬胺酸)之輔助劑。該等物質,可藉由例如如精密過濾膜過濾滅菌,高壓蒸氣滅菌之加熱滅菌,或者摻合殺菌劑等之通常滅菌方法無菌化。注射劑可為溶液製劑,亦可為使用前溶解再構成而凍結乾燥者。凍結乾燥用之賦形劑可使用例如甘露醇及葡萄糖等之糖醇或糖類。
本發明之醫藥組成物,可藉由一般使用於醫藥之投藥方法,例如宜為經口投藥方法,或者經黏膜投藥、靜脈內投藥、肌肉內投藥或者皮下投藥等之非口服方法投藥。有效成分為NPR-B促效劑抗體時通常為非口服方式,例如注射劑(皮下注射、靜脈注射、肌肉注射、腹膜內注射等)、經皮、經黏膜、經鼻、經肺等投藥,亦可為經口投藥。
有效成分為肽性物質時,可將消化管內不易分解之製劑,例如將活性成分肽包容於核糖體之微膠囊劑經口投藥。又,從直腸、鼻內及舌下等之消化管以外的黏膜吸收之投藥方法亦為可能。此時可藉由栓劑、鼻噴劑、吸入劑及舌下錠等形態投藥於個體。
本發明相關醫藥組成物中作為有效成分使用之物質的投藥量,依疾病種類、個體(患者)年齡、體重、症狀的程度及投藥方式等而異,一般而言每日投藥量的上限,例如為100mg/kg以下,宜為50mg/kg以下,更佳為5mg/kg以下。又,每日投藥量的下限,例如為0.005μg/kg以上,宜為0.025μg/kg以上,較宜為0.1μg/kg以上。
本發明之CNP的投藥量依照對象個體之體重、適應病及症狀等而異,局部投藥時,於組織程度為10-15M至10-6M左右,宜為10-12M至10-8M左右。全身投藥為0.01μg/head至10000μg/head左右,宜為1μg/head至5000μg/head。
本發明之骨修復促進劑,於骨修復階段中,藉由最少投藥至骨痂形成充分進行,其後停止投藥,而得到充分地骨折修復之促進或骨折的治療效果。本發明提供一種骨修復促進劑等,以該治療方法或該投藥方法為特徵。NPR-B促效劑於骨修復過程中,已知至少藉由促進骨痂的形成,而促進損傷骨骼的修復。此過程中,NPR-B促效劑抑制骨損傷部位中軟骨細胞之肥大化,維持軟骨細胞增殖階段,使軟骨細胞數增加,自此產生之軟骨基質的量增加,而促進骨痂的形成。從此機制之觀點而言,本發明之NPR-B促效劑係從骨損傷之治療開始至骨痂充分形成之時期為止投藥,而可達成充分之骨修復促進效果,於骨痂充分形成之階段即可停止該藥劑之投藥。骨損傷部位之骨痂的形成時期,依骨損傷的部位、損傷的狀態以及患者的治癒能力等而變動,為使骨痂的形成狀況可由患部的X射線圖判斷,宜定期觀察監控患部的X射線圖,判斷停止投藥之時期。
本發明之醫藥組成物,可與其他骨形成促進劑、骨吸收抑制劑或骨折治療劑併用。此等併用的藥劑,可舉例如雙膦酸鹽製劑、BMP製劑、PTH製劑、bFGF製劑以及抗RANKL抗體製劑等,但不限定於此。
又,本發明之治療劑用於基因治療時,可使用病毒載體,宜為抗病毒載體及腺相關病毒載體,更宜為腺病毒載體、或者化學合成微脂體、病毒外膜或者病毒外膜與合成微脂體之複合體等周知之適於基因治療之載體,於宿主細胞內發揮機能之啟動子序列,例如細胞巨大病毒啟動子(CMV promoter)等之下游,嵌入將NPR-B促效劑肽之胺基酸序列編碼之核酸。將CNP編碼之基因,可使用包含將序列編號1至5中任一胺基酸序列編碼之核苷酸序列之基因。具體之基因治療方法,可使用實驗醫學,第12卷,303頁,1994年記載之方法或其引用文獻之方法等。
以下藉由實施例進一步詳細說明本發明。
實施例1:大鼠大腿骨骨折模式實驗
[方法]對6週齡之雌性SD系(Crl:CD)IGS大鼠左大腿骨之骨幹部以外科方式製作骨折模式。對動物腹膜內注射巴比妥類麻醉藥(Somnopentyl,共立製藥(股))進行麻醉。輔助麻醉以異氟烷(Isoflurane)(Escain,Mylan製藥(股))進行吸入麻醉。切開膝關節上方皮膚,將股直肌與外股肌之間剝離,露出大腿骨。自大腿骨骨幹部的中央約0.5mm遠位部,以截骨器(長田機器(股))將骨幹部以橫斷面完全截斷。其後於左大腿骨之大轉子與股骨頸間將21G的注射針插入骨髓內,以2至3針縫合肌肉與皮膚。預防術後化膿,給予抗生素之注射用青黴素G鉀(明治製菓(股)),皮膚縫合部位以聚維酮碘(ISODINE®,明治製菓(
股))消毒。被驗物質使用CNP衍生物A(序列編號13:美國專利公開US2010-305031號公報之序列編號157,藉由該公報記載的方法製造),以1日1次於8週間反覆皮下注射10或100nmol/kg。對照組則以載體投藥。投藥結束隔日將左右大腿骨及脛骨摘出。測定摘出骨之骨長及骨折部位之骨痂大小,對左右大腿骨進行軟X射線攝影判定骨折部位治癒狀況。其後,使用骨強度測定裝置MZ-500S(MARUTO(股))及骨強度檢查系統CTR win Ver.1.21(System Supply(股))進行3點彎曲強度實驗。測定結束後之骨,以10%中性緩衝福馬林固定,製作病理標本並觀察。投藥對包含預備動物之1組14隻實施,投藥2、4、6週後各將1例作為過程觀察用取樣,此外將呈現假關節症狀之對照組1例自評估除外,最終以1組10隻評估結果。
[結果]
第1圖表示大腿骨之軟X射線圖。由於CNP衍生物之投藥,骨折線之殘存表現減少傾向,觀察到皮質骨的連續性亢進傾向。骨強度實驗結果示於表1。左大腿骨骨折部位之斷裂能隨CNP衍生物A之用量相關增加,左/右大腿骨之比率相較於載體投藥組之0.45,100nmol/kg投藥組回復至0.90,最大負重(左/右大腿骨之比率)相對於載體投藥組為0.66約恢復一半,10nmol/kg投藥組之2組為0.86,100nmol/kg投藥組之3組為1.03隨用量相關增加。關於斷裂力及斷裂變形,被驗物質投藥組表現高數值。
各檢體之大腿骨的組織結果示於表2。於左大腿骨的骨折部位之骨痂部分,100nmol/kg投藥組之連續
性提高,軟骨細胞亦減少。一方面,皮質骨區域中,10nmol/kg投藥組之連續性略為亢進。高用量組中,確認到其他軟骨減少、破骨細胞減少以及結締組織減少。本實驗中,骨折8週後採取之個體組織像,骨痂形成已結束,因此認為相當於重塑期(骨緻密期)以後。此條件中,CNP衍生物A之100nmol/kg投藥組與對照組比較,可見軟骨形成等級的降低傾向,以及骨痂骨化等級上升傾向,顯現促進軟骨內骨化之可能性。從該等結果認為藉由CNP衍生物A之投藥,促進骨截斷部分之修復。
實施例2:大鼠封閉性大腿骨骨折模式中CNP衍生物A的骨折治癒促進作用之探討
[方法]
將10週齡雄性Wistar大鼠(日本Charles River股份有限公司)以吸入Isoflurane(導入5%維持2%)麻醉,固定為仰臥。以電動剪剃除左膝部附近之毛,以雙氯苯雙胍己烷(Hibitane)消毒。將左膝皮膚於膝蓋骨上部切開約2cm。將關節囊沿膝蓋骨外側端切開約5mm後,使膝蓋骨自滑車溝向內側脫臼。於滑車溝的中央部插入22G注射針至髓腔內後拔出。於該孔洞,將事先裁切32mm之1mm直徑基爾希訥氏絲(Kirschner wire)(瑞穗醫科工業股份有限公司),完全插入大腿骨之髓腔內。將關節囊與皮膚切開部以尼龍縫合線(Alfresa Pharma)縫合。於艾因霍恩(Einhorn)型之骨折製作裝置(特製品)固定左後肢,自預定位置使錘落下,對大腿骨施加力學負荷以製作骨折。使用動物用CT(Lct-200,日立Aloka Medical股份有限公
司),攝影後肢之X射線圖,確認大腿骨中央附近形成橫骨折。為預防感染,於肌肉內投藥注射用青黴素G鉀(Meiji Seika Pharma)。將CNP衍生物A以0.42mg/kg/日之用量,自手術1日後7日間,1日1次於皮下投藥。對照組則以載體投藥。骨折製作4週後,對動物行Isoflurane吸入麻醉,固定為仰臥,放血使其安樂死。摘出左右大腿骨浸於生理食鹽水,以冷凍庫凍結保存。日後解凍,使用骨強度計(Mz-500S,MARUTO股份有限公司)實施扭轉實驗,測定大腿骨強度。各組實施12例。
[結果]
第2圖記載大腿骨的強度測定結果。骨折製作4週後,載體投藥組中,相較於無處理之右大腿骨,骨折之左大腿骨骨強度明顯為低,可認為骨折未治癒。一方面,CNP衍生物A投藥組中,無處理之右大腿骨強度與製作骨折之左大腿骨強度約略相等,可認為骨折已治癒。
第3圖表示骨強度的測定值分布之直方圖。由於無處理之右大腿骨中,測定值之9成以上表示3N×mm/deg以上之值,而以此為治癒判斷之基準值。製作骨折之左大腿骨中,摘出表現該值以上值之骨骼之個體數,載體投藥組為12個體中4個體(33%),CNP衍生物A投藥組為12個體中10個體(83%),CNP衍生物A顯著提高骨折的治癒率。封閉性大腿骨骨折模式中,發現藉由將CNP衍生物A於骨折後1週之間投藥,可促進骨折治癒。
實施例3:大鼠封閉性大腿骨骨折模式中,CNP衍生物A對軟骨相關標記基因表現之影響
[方法]
依照實施例2之方法,製作大鼠封閉性骨折模式。Sham組之動物,僅將大腿骨插入鋼針,不製作骨折。CNP衍生物A之投藥液調製為相當於0.5mg/kg/日之投藥量,填充於滲透壓幫浦(model 2001,Alzet),埋入動物頸背部之皮下,持續1週皮下投藥。對照組則以載體持續皮下投藥。骨折製作的7日後,將動物以Isoflurane吸入麻醉,固定為仰臥後開腹,放血使其安樂死。摘出左大腿骨,浸於RNAlater(Life Technologies Corporation)。從RNAlater中冷藏保存1日以上之大腿骨骨幹部或骨痂部切出一部分,添加QIAzol(QIAGEN),以鎢珠破碎。藉由RNeasy Mini Kit(QIAGEN),抽出total RNA,以SuperScript VILO cDNA合成套組(Life Technologies Corporation)進行合成1st strand cDNA。藉由TaqMan Gene Expression Master Mix(Life Technologies Corporation),以real-time PCR法測定基因表現量。測定值以泛蛋白-C(ubiquitin-C)之基因表現量標準化,各組實施12例。
[結果]
第4圖表示對封閉性骨折大鼠7日間投藥CNP衍生物A時,骨痂中軟骨相關標記之基因表現量。Sox9為未分化間葉系細胞分化為軟骨細胞之必要轉錄因子,製作骨折後基因表現量上升為3.7倍,即使CNP衍生物A投藥亦維持高數值。又,分化之軟骨細胞特異產生之第2型膠原蛋白之基因表現,幾乎未見於sham組之無骨折骨,但製
作骨折則顯著亢進,即使CNP衍生物A投藥亦可確認高數值。更進一步分化則軟骨細胞肥大化,接著發生骨化。肥大軟骨細胞特異產生之第10型膠原蛋白之基因表現,幾乎未見於Sham組之無骨折骨,但製作骨折則顯著亢進,CNP衍生物A投藥後則明顯被抑制。換言之,可認為藉由CNP衍生物A之投藥,將不抑制軟骨細胞標記之第2型膠原蛋白基因於骨折部位之表現亢進,而抑制肥大軟骨細胞標記之第10型膠原蛋白基因於骨折部位之表現亢進,暗示由於抑制軟骨細胞之肥大化,維持軟骨的初期分化與增殖,藉此使骨痂增加。
實施例4:大鼠封閉性大腿骨骨折模式中,NPR-B促效劑促進骨痂形成作用之探討
[方法]
依照實施例2之方法,製作大鼠封閉性骨折模式。使用各種NPR-B促效劑(CNP衍生物A、hCNP-53(序列編號2)、CNP衍生物C(CNP-36,序列編號2之胺基酸編號18~53)、CNP衍生物D(Pro-Gly-CNP37,序列編號15)),調製相當於0.5mg/kg/日投藥量之投藥液,填充於滲透壓幫浦(Model 2001,Alzet)。將滲透壓幫浦埋入固定為俯臥之動物頸背部皮下,持續1週皮下投藥。對照組則以載體投藥。骨折製作7日後,將動物以Isoflurane吸入麻醉,固定為仰臥後開腹,自腹部大動脈採血。於血液添加EDTA Na後,離心分離血漿,凍結保存。日後,使用套組(YSI-7702,YAMASA CORPORATION)以RIA法測定血漿中的cGMP濃度。採血後之動物,藉由放血使其安樂死
後,摘出左大腿骨,分別測定骨痂之矢狀面與冠狀面之最大徑,以其平均值為骨痂徑。依照實施例3之方法,測定骨痂部之第10型膠原蛋白基因表現量。各組實施12例。
[結果]
第5圖表示被驗物質7日間投藥後,臟器採取時之血中cGMP濃度(5A)、骨痂徑(5B)、骨痂中第10型膠原蛋白的基因表現量(5C)。各種NPR-B促效劑的投藥導致血中cGMP濃度的上升程度不均,但相較於載體組,所有組之濃度皆明顯為高數值。可認為是NPR-B促效劑作用於生物體內受體,而使血中cGMP上升。
製作骨折之左大腿骨產生骨痂之最大徑,相較於載體組,CNP衍生物A、hCNP-53、CNP衍生物C、CNP衍生物D組骨痂徑明顯較大。藉此,顯示NPR-B促效劑具有促進骨折後的骨痂形成之作用。再者,如第5圖C所示,骨痂中第10型膠原蛋白之基因表現量,相較於載體組,CNP衍生物C及CNP衍生物D組中明顯被抑制,CNP衍生物A及hCNP-53組則可見被抑制傾向。
第10型膠原蛋白基因,習知為肥大軟骨細胞之標記,實施例3中,顯示CNP衍生物A於骨折部位抑制軟骨細胞肥大化。5C所示結果,顯示不只CNP衍生物A,各種NPR-B促效劑皆具有抑制肥大軟骨生成之作用。而由此事實,可認為第5圖B所示NPR-B促效劑之骨痂形成促進作用,係抑制軟骨之最終分化,維持分裂期而產生。
從以上結果,NPR-B促效劑顯示具有藉由促進骨折後之骨痂形成,而促進骨折治癒之作用。再者,同時考慮實施例2之結果,可知藉由將NPR-B促效劑投藥至骨折治癒初期之骨痂形成充分進行為止,促進骨痂形成,於骨痂充分形成之階段停止投藥,亦可得到充分之骨折治癒(或骨修復)的促進效果。
<110> DAIICHISANKYO COMPANY,LIMITED
<120> 骨修復促進劑
<130> FP1324(ASB2012001)
<150> JP2012-100444
<151> 2012-04-25
<160> 15
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
<210> 1
<211> 22
<212> PRT
<213> 哺乳動物/智人
<400> 1
<210> 2
<211> 53
<212> PRT
<213> 哺乳動物
<400> 2
<210> 3
<211> 22
<212> PRT
<213> 雞
<400> 3
<210> 4
<211> 22
<212> PRT
<213> 蛙
<400> 4
<210> 5
<211> 17
<212> PRT
<213> 人工
<220>
<223> CNP之環狀結構部分
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (11)..(12)
<223> 胺基酸可為第11位之Ser或Ala及Met,第12位之Phe或Glu
<400> 5
<210> 6
<211> 34
<212> PRT
<213> 人工
<220>
<223> US2010-305031及WO2009/142307之嵌合CNP A
<400> 6
<210> 7
<211> 34
<212> PRT
<213> 人工
<220>
<223> US2010-305031及WO2009/142307之嵌合CNP B(SEQ ID NO;110)
<400> 7
<210> 8
<211> 39
<212> PRT
<213> 人工
<220>
<223> US2010-305031及WO2009/142307之嵌合CNP D(SEQ ID NO;125)
<400> 8
<210> 9
<211> 51
<212> PRT
<213> 人工
<220>
<223> US2010-305031及WO2009/142307之嵌合CNP E(SEQ ID NO;126)
<400> 9
<210> 10
<211> 51
<212> PRT
<213> 人工
<220>
<223> US2010-305031及WO2009/142307之嵌合CNP F(SEQ ID NO;127)
<400> 10
<210> 11
<211> 34
<212> PRT
<213> 人工
<220>
<223> US2010-305031及WO2009/142307之嵌合CNP G(SEQ ID NO;128)
<400> 11
<210> 12
<211> 34
<212> PRT
<213> 人工
<220>
<223> US2010-305031及WO2009/142307之嵌合CNP I(SEQ ID NO;130)
<220>
<221> 醯胺化
<222> (34)..(34)
<223> C端之Arg殘基經醯胺化
<220>
<221> 醯胺化
<222> (34)..(34)
<223> C端之34Arg殘基經醯胺化
<400> 12
<210> 13
<211> 39
<212> PRT
<213> 人工
<220>
<223> US2010-305031及WO2009/142307之嵌合CNP J(SEQ ID NO;157),及
本發明之CNP衍生物A
<400> 13
<210> 14
<211> 36
<212> PRT
<213> 人工
<220>
<223> US2010-305031及WO2009/142C307之嵌合CNP K(SEQ ID NO;158)
<400> 14
<210> 15
<211> 39
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> CNP衍生物D,揭示於Am.J.Hum.Gent.(2012),
91(6),1108-1114
<400> 15
Claims (11)
- 一種利尿鈉肽受體NPR-B促效劑之用途,其係用於骨修復促進劑之製造,其中NPR-B促效劑係C型利尿鈉肽(CNP)、其活性片段、該等之變異體、該等的C端及/或N端鍵結有附加肽之衍生物或者該等經化學性修飾之修飾物,且為含有序列編號5之胺基酸序列的物質。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其中NPR-B促效劑為hCNP-22(序列編號1)、hCNP6-22(序列編號1之胺基酸編號6至22)或hCNP-53(序列編號2)、該等之變異體、該等之衍生物或該等之修飾物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其中NPR-B促效劑為hCNP-22或hCNP6-22之衍生物或修飾物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之用途,其中衍生物為選自來自免疫球蛋白Fc部之肽、血清白蛋白及腦腸肽之C端側部分肽之至少一種的附加肽結合於hCNP-22或hCNP6-22之N端、C端或其雙方者。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之用途,其中衍生物為包含自序列編號2之N端連續缺失1個以上30個以下之胺基酸之胺基酸序列,或選自從序列編號6至15中之任一種之胺基酸序列。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之用途,其中修飾物為PEG或其相關物質親水性聚合物結合於hCNP-22、hCNP6-22或hCNP-53之N端、C端或其雙方者。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其中NPR-B促效劑為包含序列編號2、序列編號2之胺基酸編號18至53、序列 編號13及序列編號15中任一之胺基酸序列之肽。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之用途,其縮短骨損傷部之骨組織修復之期間。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之用途,其使骨修復後之骨強度及/或骨組織之連續性恢復至與對應之非骨折部位同等程度。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之用途,其藉由於骨修復之骨痂的形成階段投藥,骨痂形成後期或結束後停止投藥而達成骨修復的促進。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之用途,其中該骨修復促進劑係用於骨折的治療。
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CA2871579A1 (en) | 2013-10-31 |
KR20150013455A (ko) | 2015-02-05 |
CN104379171A (zh) | 2015-02-25 |
EP2853273A4 (en) | 2016-01-13 |
US20150125457A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
JPWO2013161895A1 (ja) | 2015-12-24 |
JP2017114909A (ja) | 2017-06-29 |
TW201406388A (zh) | 2014-02-16 |
WO2013161895A1 (ja) | 2013-10-31 |
EP2853273A1 (en) | 2015-04-01 |
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