TW201331197A - 用於治療成癮之aldh-2抑制劑 - Google Patents
用於治療成癮之aldh-2抑制劑 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW201331197A TW201331197A TW101131184A TW101131184A TW201331197A TW 201331197 A TW201331197 A TW 201331197A TW 101131184 A TW101131184 A TW 101131184A TW 101131184 A TW101131184 A TW 101131184A TW 201331197 A TW201331197 A TW 201331197A
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- phenyl
- keto
- chromen
- ethynyl
- methanesulfonamide
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
- C07D311/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D311/04—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
- C07D311/22—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4
- C07D311/26—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 or 3
- C07D311/34—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 or 3 with aromatic rings attached in position 3 only
- C07D311/36—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 or 3 with aromatic rings attached in position 3 only not hydrogenated in the hetero ring, e.g. isoflavones
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本發明所揭露的是具有式I所示結構之新穎的異黃酮衍生物:□其係ALDH-2抑制劑,可用於治療有需要的患者之藥物成癮依賴症,例如對多巴胺產生劑(例如古柯鹼、嗎啡、安非他命、尼古丁、和酒精)成癮。
Description
本申請案主張2011年8月30日提出申請之美國臨時申請案61/529164在35 U.S.C.§119(e)法條下的優先權,以引用方式將其全部內容併入本文。
本發明係關於新穎的ALDH-2抑制劑,並關於其於治療有需要的患者之藥物或物質成癮依賴症的用途,例如對多巴胺產生劑(例如古柯鹼、鴉片劑、安非他命、尼古丁和酒精)成癮。ALDH-2抑制劑也被證實在治療肥胖上有效。本發明也關於包含本發明化合物之藥學組成物。
現今,藥物成癮依賴症在全世界造成主要導致的健康問題。例如,酒精濫用與酒精依賴症會導致肝病、胰腺病、腎病、心臟病(包括擴張性心肌病變)、多發性神經病變、內出血、大腦退化、酒精中毒、許多類型的癌的發生率增加、失眠、憂鬱、焦慮、甚至自殺。孕婦大量飲酒也會導致胎兒酒精症候群(一種無法治癒的病症)。此外,酒精濫用與酒精依賴症是下列的主要導致因素:頭部傷害、汽車肇事、暴力與暴行、和其他神經病學問題及其他醫學問題。
美國National Institute on Drug Abuse估計尼古丁成
癮導致美國每年有差不多500,000人死亡。這死亡數佔全美由任何方式導致死亡的總數之大約六分之一,且高於使用酒精、古柯鹼、海洛英、自殺、車禍、火災、和AIDS導致的死亡總數。吸煙是使用尼古丁的最普遍方法,但還有無煙的煙草產品,例如鼻粉、口嚼煙草。
尼古丁成癮和例如白血病、白內障與肺炎之疾病狀態相關聯;並且是癌症死亡總數的大約三分之一的死因,其中最重要的是肺癌。除癌之外,吸煙也導致肺病(例如支氣管炎與肺氣腫),使氣喘症狀惡化,並且通常是慢性阻塞性肺病的病因。眾所周知吸煙也使心血管疾病(包括中風、心臟病發作、血管病、動脈瘤等)的風險增加。
古柯鹼濫用導致另一個主要的健康問題。使用古柯鹼導致的身體反應包括:血管收縮、瞳孔擴張、體溫上升、心率上升和血壓上升。古柯鹼使用者可能面臨急性心血管或腦血管急症,例如心臟病發作或中風,可能導致猝死。與古柯鹼使用有關聯的其他併發症包括:心律不整、胸疼、呼吸衰竭、癲癇發作與頭痛,和胃腸併發症,例如腹痛與噁心。由於古柯鹼有減低食慾的傾向,許多長期使用者會變成營養不良。重複使用古柯鹼可能導致易怒、心神不定和偏執的狀態增加。這會導致一段時間的全面妄想狂樣精神錯亂,在此期間使用者與現實脫節並經歷幻聽。
此外,眾所周知尼古丁、古柯鹼和酒精的同時濫用是常見的。已經發現對人而言古柯鹼和酒精併用比單一毒品產生更大的心血管毒性。
從歷史角度來看,治療化學藥物依賴症主要涉及試圖說服患者自願中止藥物使用(行為治療法)。然而,古柯鹼、嗎啡、安非他命、尼古丁、酒精和其他類型多巴胺產生劑是高成癮性藥物,該藥物依賴症難以中斷並明顯地比大多數其他的成癮性藥物依賴症更有害。特別地,酒精、古柯鹼和海洛英依賴症典型地被認為是慢性復發性病症。
利用尼古丁代替治療法(例如尼古丁咀嚼錠或尼古丁皮膚貼片)在提供煙草成癮有效治療上已有一些不太大的成功。此外,嘗試過抗憂鬱劑與抗高血壓藥已有不太大的成功。也嘗試過說服患者自願中止使用煙草(行為治療法)以治療煙草成癮,但此方法沒被證實很成功。因此,顯然需要發現一種煙草成癮治療法,以降低或預防對尼古丁的渴望且不涉及尼古丁代替治療法或使用抗憂鬱劑與抗高血壓藥。
因此,科學界很感興趣於嘗試發現可用於改善成癮性藥物依賴症之藥物。先前被用於治療酒精濫用的二種化合物被稱為戒酒硫(AntabuseTM)與氰胺(cyanamide)。此外,近來有人提出戒酒硫可用於治療古柯鹼依賴症,例如,見Bonet et al.,Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment,26(2004),225-232。
最近業已證明被稱為大豆黃酮(daidzein)的化合物對抑制酒精攝入有效。大豆黃酮是從葛根(Radix puerariae)(一種中藥,其抑制敘利亞倉鼠的酒精攝入)萃取物得到的主要活性成分。見Keung,W.M.and Vallee,B.
L.(1993)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 90,10008-10012與Keung,W.M.,Klyosov,A.A.,and Vallee,B.L.(1997)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 94,1675-1679,和美國專利5,624,910與6,121,010。
業已證明大豆異黃酮(daidzin)是一種下式所示之異黃酮:
除去糖得到被稱為大豆黃酮(daidzein)的化合物,其也被證明對抑制酒精攝入有效。
美國專利5,624,910與6,121,010揭露大豆異黃酮(daidzin)之醚衍生物,其被證明在治療酒精依賴症上有效。大豆異黃酮與其類似物被證明是人粒腺體醛脫氫酶(ALDH-2)的有效且具選擇性的抑制劑,該人粒腺體醛脫氫酶是一種涉及負責人體酒精代謝作用的主要酶催化途徑的酶。也發現不僅抑制ALDH-2而且抑制單胺氧化酶(MOA)
途徑的大豆異黃酮類似物之解酒活性最無效。在美國專利申請案60/834,083號,揭露新穎的異黃酮(isoflavone)衍生物被對單胺氧化酶途徑沒多少效果的ALDH-2抑制劑並可用於治療酒精依賴症。令人意外地,現今已經發現ALDH-2抑制劑也可用於治療其他的成癮性藥物(例如古柯鹼、海洛英和尼古丁),特別地可用於改善濫用者復發的傾向。
因此,本發明第一方面係關於式I所示之化合物,或其藥學上可接受之鹽:
其中:R1是任意經取代烷基、任意經取代環烷基、任意經取代雜環基、任意經取代雜芳基、或任意經取代苯基;R2是氫、任意經取代烷基、任意經取代環烷基、或任意經取代苯基;R3是氫、氰基、任意經取代胺基、烷基、烷氧基、或
鹵素;和X、Y與Z係選自-CR4-與-N-,其中R4是氫、烷基、低級烷氧基、或鹵素。
本發明第二方面提出藥學調合物,其包含治療有效量的式I所示之ALDH-2抑制劑與至少一種的藥學上可接受之載體。
本發明第三方面提出利用式I所示之化合物於治療對多巴胺產生劑成癮的方法。該治療法包含將治療有效量的式I所示之化合物給藥予有需要的患者。這類疾病包括(但不限於)古柯鹼、鴉片劑、安非他命、尼古丁、酒精依賴症和飲食過度。
因此,在一體系中,本發明係關於式I所示之化合物,和其藥學上可接受之鹽:
其中:R1是任意經取代烷基、任意經取代環烷基、任意經取代雜環基、任意經取代雜芳基、或任意經取代苯基;R2是氫、任意經取代低級烷基、任意經取代環烷基、或任意經取代苯基;
R3是氫、氰基、任意經取代胺基、低級烷基、低級烷氧基、或鹵素;和X、Y與Z係選自-CR4-與-N-,其中R4是氫、低級烷基、低級烷氧基、或鹵素。
在一體系中,本發明係關於式I所示之化合物,其中R1是任意經取代烷基,R2是任意經取代烷基或任意經取代環烷基,特別地R1是任意經鹵素、羥基、氰基取代之具1至6個碳原子之烷基、任意經取代之具1至6個碳原子之烷氧基、任意經取代醯基、任意經取代胺基、任意經取代羧基烷基、任意經取代羧基環烷基、或任意經取代烷氧羰基胺基,和X、Y與Z是-CR4-,和R3是氫。
在另一體系中,本發明係關於式I所示之化合物,其中R1是任意經取代環烷基,R2是任意經取代烷基或任意經取代環烷基,特別地R1是任意經鹵素、羥基、氰基取代之具3至6個碳原子之環烷基、具1至6個碳原子之烷氧基、任意經取代醯基、任意經取代胺基、任意經取代羧基烷基、任意經取代羧基環烷基、或任意經取代烷氧羰基胺基,和X、Y與Z是-CR4-,和R3是氫。
在另一體系中,本發明係關於式I所示之化合物,其中R1是任意經取代雜芳基,R2是任意經取代烷基或任意經取代環烷基,特別地R1是任意經鹵素、羥基、氰基取代之雜芳基、具1至6個碳原子之烷氧基、任意經取代醯基、任意經取代胺基、任意經取代羧基烷基、任意經取代羧基環烷基、或任意經取代烷氧羰基胺基,和X、Y與Z
是-CR4-,和R3是氫。
在另一體系中,本發明係關於式I所示之化合物,其中R1是任意經取代苯基,R2是任意經取代烷基或任意經取代環烷基,和R3是氫。
在另一體系中,本發明係關於製造用於治療化學藥物依賴症之藥劑的方法,其包含將治療有效量的本發明化合物給藥予有需要的患者。
在另一體系中,本發明係關於式I所示之化合物,其中R1是任意經取代環烷基,R2是任意經取代烷基或任意經取代環烷基,特別地X、Y與Z是-CR4-,和R3是氫。在一個情況中,R1是任意經取代哌啶或任意經取代四氫哌喃。在第二情況中,R1是任意經取代吖丁啶,特別地N-取代吖丁啶,其中該N-取代的基團係選自任意經取代之具1至6個碳原子之烷基、任意經取代醯基、任意經取代胺基、任意經取代羧基烷基、任意經取代羧基環烷基、和任意經取代烷氧羰基胺基。
在另一體系中,本發明係關於治療多巴胺產生劑的化學藥物依賴症之方法,其包含將治療有效量的本發明化合物給藥予有需要的患者。
在另一體系中,本發明係關於治療多巴胺產生劑的化學藥物依賴症之方法,其中該多巴胺產生劑係選自下列所成組群:古柯鹼、鴉片劑、安非他命、尼古丁、和酒精。
在另一體系中,本發明提出一種藥學組成物,其包含治療有效量的本發明化合物與一或多種的藥學上可接受之
載體或稀釋劑。
在另一體系中,本發明提出用於治療的如本發明之化合物或其藥學上可接受之鹽。
在另一體系中,本發明提出如本發明之化合物或其藥學上可接受之鹽於製造用於治療化學藥物依賴症的藥劑之用途。
在另一體系中,本發明係關於式I所示之化合物,和其藥學上可接受之鹽:
其中:R1是任意經取代烷基、任意經取代環烷基、任意經取代雜環基、任意經取代雜芳基、或任意經取代苯基;R2是氫、任意經取代低級烷基、任意經取代環烷基、或任意經取代苯基;R3是氫、氰基、任意經取代胺基、低級烷基、低級烷氧基、或鹵素;和X、Y與Z係選自-CR4-與-N-,其中R4是氫、低級烷基、低級烷氧基、或鹵素。
用於本發明之化合物包括(但不限於):
N-(4-(7-(3-羥基-3-甲基丁-1-炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(4-酮基-7-(苯基乙炔基)-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-(環丙基乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-(((1S,2R)-2-羥基環戊基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-(3-甲氧基丙-1-炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)環丙磺醯胺;4-((3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-基)乙炔基)哌啶-1-甲酸三級丁酯;3-((3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-基)乙炔基)吖丁啶-1-甲酸三級丁酯;N-(4-(4-酮基-7-((2-酮基-1,2-二氫吡啶-4-基)乙炔基)-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(環丙羰基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(4-酮基-7-(哌啶-4-基乙炔基)-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(環丙羰基)哌啶-4-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1,2-二甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;
N-(4-(7-((1-異丙基-1H-咪唑-5-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-甲基-1H-咪唑-4-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-(吖丁啶-3-基乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;3-((3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-基)乙炔基)吖丁啶-1-甲酸環戊酯;N-(4-(4-酮基-7-((四氫-2H-哌喃-4-基)乙炔基)-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-異丁基吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(3-甲氧基丙醯基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(3,3-二氟環丁羰基)-吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(3-(二甲胺基)丙醯基)-吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(2-羥基乙醯基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(3-羥基-3-甲基環丁基-羰基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(2-羥基-2-甲基丙醯基)-吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;
N-(4-(7-((1-(3-甲基氧雜環丁烷基-3-羰基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(2-羥基丙醯基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(1-甲基哌啶-4-羰基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(2,2-二氟環丙基-羰基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(環丁羰基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(1-甲基環丙羰基)-吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;1-(3-((3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)-苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-基)乙炔基)吖丁啶-1-羰基)-環丁基胺甲酸三級丁酯;1-(3-((3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-基)乙炔基)吖丁啶-1-羰基)環丙基胺甲酸三級丁酯;(1-(3-((3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)-苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-基)乙炔基)吖丁啶-1-羰基)環丙基)-甲基胺甲酸三級丁酯;N-(4-(4-酮基-7-(吡啶-3-基乙炔基)-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(4-酮基-7-(嘧啶-5-基乙炔基)-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-羥基環戊基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;
N-(4-(4-酮基-7-(吡啶-2-基乙炔基)-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-胺基環己基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-羥基環己基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-(3-甲氧基丙-1-炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;和N-(4-(7-((1-甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;或其藥學上可接受之鹽。
在說明本組成物與方法之前,請理解本揭露不受所說明的特定化合物、組成物、研究法、實驗標準規範、細胞株、檢驗與試劑限制,因為這些可能變動。也請理解本案中所用的術語旨在說明特定實施例並且決不旨在限制在後附的申請專利範圍中所提出的範圍。
在本說明書中使用的下列字與用詞大體上希望具有下面提出的意思,除非其在上下文中被用來指示其他的意思。
"烷基"乙辭意指一具1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8個碳原子的支鏈或無支鏈飽和烴鏈之單價基團。該烷基例如:甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、三級丁基、正己基等。
"經取代烷基"乙辭意指:1)具1、2、3、4或5個(合宜地1至3個)選自下列所成組群的取代基之如前面定義的烷基:烯基、炔基、烷氧基、環烷基、環烯基、醯基、醯基胺基、醯氧基、胺基、胺基羰基、烷氧羰基胺基、疊氮基、氰基、鹵素、羥基、酮基、硫羰基、羧基、羧基烷基、芳硫基、雜芳硫基、雜環硫基、硫醇基、烷硫基、芳基、芳氧基、雜芳基、胺基磺醯基、胺基羰基胺基、雜芳氧基、雜環基、雜環氧基、羥基胺基、烷氧基胺基、硝基、-SO-烷基、-SO-芳基、-SO-雜芳基、-SO2-烷基、SO2-芳基、和-SO2-雜芳基。除非另外被定義限制,否則所有的取代基可任意經1、2或3個選自下列的取代基進一步取代:烷基、羧基、羧基烷基、胺基羰基、羥基、烷氧基、鹵素、CF3、胺基、經取代胺基、氰基、和-S(O)nR,其中R是烷基、芳基、或雜芳基,n是0、1或2;或2)被1至4個獨立地選自氧、硫與NRa-的原子插入之如前面定義的烷基,其中Ra係選自下列所成組群:氫、烷基、環烷基、烯基、環烯基、炔基、芳基、雜芳基、與雜環基。所有的取代基可任意經下列取代基進一步取代:烷基、烷氧基、鹵素、CF3、胺基、經取代胺基、氰基、
或-S(O)nR,其中R是烷基、芳基、或雜芳基,n是0、1或2;或3)具1、2、3、4或5個如前面定義的取代基並且被1至4個如前面定義的原子插入之如前面定義的烷基。
"低級烷基"乙辭意指具1、2、3或4個碳原子的支鏈或無支鏈飽和烴鏈之單價基團。該低級烷基例如:甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基等。
"經取代低級烷基"乙辭意指具1至5個(合宜地1、2或3個)於經取代烷基中所定義的取代基之如前面定義的低級烷基、或被1或2個於經取代烷基中所定義的原子插入之如前面定義的低級烷基、或具1或2個如前面定義的取代基並且被1或2個如前面定義的原子插入之如前面定義的低級烷基。
"伸烷基"乙辭意指具1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8個碳原子(合宜地1至6個碳原子)的支鏈或無支鏈飽和烴鏈之二價基團。該伸烷基例如:伸甲基(-CH2-)、伸乙基(-CH2CH2-)、伸丙基異構物(例如-CH2CH2CH2-與-CH(CH3)CH2-)等。"低級伸烷基"乙辭意指合宜地具1、2、3、4、5或6個碳原子的支鏈或無支鏈飽和烴鏈之二價基團。
該"經取代伸烷基"乙辭意指:1)具1、2、3、4或5個選自下列所成組群之取代基之如前面定義的伸烷基:烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、環烷基、環烯基、醯基、醯基胺基、醯氧基、胺基、胺基羰
基、烷氧羰基胺基、疊氮基、氰基、鹵素、羥基、酮基、硫羰基、羧基、羧基烷基、芳硫基、雜芳硫基、雜環硫基、硫醇基、烷硫基、芳基、芳氧基、雜芳基、胺基磺醯基、胺基羰基胺基、雜芳氧基、雜環基、雜環氧基、羥基胺基、烷氧基胺基、硝基、-SO-烷基、-SO-芳基、-SO-雜芳基、-SO2-烷基、SO2-芳基、和-SO2-雜芳基。除非另外被定義限制,否則所有的取代基可任意經1、2或3個選自下列的取代基進一步取代:烷基、羧基、羧基烷基、胺基羰基、羥基、烷氧基、鹵素、CF3、胺基、經取代胺基、氰基、和-S(O)nR,其中R是烷基、芳基、或雜芳基,n是0、1或2;或2)被1至20個獨立地選自氧、硫與NRa-的原子插入之如前面定義的伸烷基,其中Ra係選自下列所成組群:氫、任意經取代烷基、環烷基、環烯基、芳基、雜芳基與雜環基,或係選自羰基、羧基酯、羧基醯胺與磺醯基;或3)具1、2、3、4或5個如前面定義的取代基並且被1至8個如前面定義的原子插入之如前面定義的伸烷基。經取代伸烷基實例是:氯伸甲基(-CH(Cl)-)、胺基伸乙基(-CH(NH2)CH2-)、甲基胺基伸乙基(-CH(NHMe)CH2-)、2-羧基伸丙基異構物(-CH2CH(CO2H)CH2-)、乙氧基乙基(-CH2CH2O-CH2CH2-)、乙基甲基胺基乙基(-CH2CH2N(CH3)CH2CH2-)、1-乙氧基-2-(2-乙氧基-乙氧基)乙烷(-CH2CH2O-CH2CH2-OCH2CH2-OCH2CH2-)等。
"芳烷基"乙辭意指和伸烷基共價結合的芳基,其中芳
基與伸烷基是如本文中所定義的。"任意經取代芳烷基"乙辭意指和任意經取代伸烷基共價結合的任意經取代芳基。該芳烷基例如:苯甲基、苯乙基、3-(4-甲氧基苯基)丙基等。
"烷氧基"乙辭意指R-O-基團,其中R是任意經取代烷基或任意經取代環烷基,或R是基團-Y-Z,其中Y是任意經取代伸烷基,Z是任意經取代烯基、任意經取代炔基、或任意經取代環烯基,其中烷基、烯基、炔基、環烷基與環烯基是如本文中所定義的。合宜的烷氧基是任意經取代烷基-O-,並包括(舉例來說):甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、三級丁氧基、二級丁氧基、正戊氧基、正己氧基、1,2-二甲基丁氧基、三氟甲氧基等。
"低級烷氧基"乙辭意指及R-O-基團,其中R是如前面定義的任意經取代烷基。
"烷硫基"乙辭意指R-S-基團,其中R是如烷氧基中所定義。
"烯基"乙辭意指具2至8個(合宜地2至6個,較合宜地2至4個)碳原子並具1至2個(合宜地1個)雙鍵(乙烯基)的支鏈或無支鏈不飽和烴基團之單價基團。合宜的烯基包括:乙烯基(-CH=CH2)、1-丙烯基或烯丙基(-CH2CH=CH2)、異丙烯基(-C(CH3)=CH2)、雙環[2.2.1]庚烯等。在烯基和氮結合之情形,該雙鍵不能是在氮的α位置。
"低級烯基"乙辭意指具2至4個碳原子之如前面定義
的烯基。
"經取代烯基"乙辭意指具1、2、3、4或5個(合宜地1、2或3個)選自下列所成組群之取代基之如前面定義的烯基:烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、環烷基、環烯基、醯基、醯基胺基、醯氧基、胺基、胺基羰基、烷氧羰基胺基、疊氮基、氰基、鹵素、羥基、酮基、硫羰基、羧基、羧基烷基、芳硫基、雜芳硫基、雜環硫基、硫醇基、烷硫基、芳基、芳氧基、雜芳基、胺基磺醯基、胺基羰基胺基、雜芳氧基、雜環基、雜環氧基、羥基胺基、烷氧基胺基、硝基、-SO-烷基、-SO-芳基、-SO-雜芳基、-SO2-烷基、SO2-芳基、和-SO2-雜芳基。除非另外被定義限制,否則所有的取代基可任意經1、2或3個選自下列的取代基進一步取代:烷基、羧基、羧基烷基、胺基羰基、羥基、烷氧基、鹵素、CF3、胺基、經取代胺基、氰基、和-S(O)nR,其中R是烷基、芳基或雜芳基,n是0、1或2。
"炔基"乙辭意指具2至8個(較合宜地2至6個,更合宜地2至4個)碳原子並具至少1個(合宜地1至2個)乙炔基(參鍵)的單價不飽和烴基團。合宜的炔基包括:乙炔基(-C≡CH)、炔丙基(或丙-1-炔-3-基,-CH2C≡CH)等。在炔基和氮結合之情形,該參鍵不能是在氮的α位置。
"經取代炔基"乙辭意指具1、2、3、4或5個(合宜地1、2或3個)選自下列所成組群之取代基之如前面定義的炔基:烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、環烷基、環烯基、醯基、醯基胺基、醯氧基、胺基、胺基羰基、烷氧羰基胺
基、疊氮基、氰基、鹵素、羥基、酮基、硫羰基、羧基、羧基烷基、芳硫基、雜芳硫基、雜環硫基、硫醇基、烷硫基、芳基、芳氧基、雜芳基、胺基磺醯基、胺基羰基胺基、雜芳氧基、雜環基、雜環氧基、羥基胺基、烷氧基胺基、硝基、-SO-烷基、-SO-芳基、-SO-雜芳基、-SO2-烷基、SO2-芳基、和-SO2-雜芳基。除非另外被定義限制,否則所有的取代基可任意經1、2或3個選自下列之取代基進一步取代:烷基、羧基、羧基烷基、胺基羰基、羥基、烷氧基、鹵素、CF3、胺基、經取代胺基、氰基、和-S(O)nR,其中R是烷基、芳基、或雜芳基,n是0、1或2。
"胺基羰基"乙辭意指-C(O)NRR基團,其中每一個R獨立地是氫、烷基、芳基、雜芳基、雜環基,或其中二個R基團結合以形成雜環基(例如嗎啉基)。除非另外被定義限制,否則所有的取代基可任意經1至3個選自下列之取代基進一步取代:烷基、羧基、羧基烷基、胺基羰基、羥基、烷氧基、鹵素、CF3、胺基、經取代胺基、氰基、和-S(O)nR,其中R是烷基、芳基、或雜芳基,n是0、1或2。
"醯基胺基"乙辭意指-NRC(O)R基團,其中每一個R獨立地是氫、烷基、芳基、雜芳基、或雜環基。除非另外被定義限制,否則所有的取代基可任意經1至3個選自下列之取代基進一步取代:烷基、羧基、羧基烷基、胺基羰基、羥基、烷氧基、鹵素、CF3、胺基、經取代胺基、氰
基、和-S(O)nR,其中R是烷基、芳基、或雜芳基,n是0、1或2。
"醯氧基"乙辭意指-O(O)C-烷基、-O(O)C-環烷基、-O(O)C-芳基、-O(O)C-雜芳基、與-O(O)C-雜芳基基團。除非另外被定義限制,否則所有的取代基可任意經選自下列之取代基進一步取代:烷基、羧基、羧基烷基、胺基羰基、羥基、烷氧基、鹵素、CF3、胺基、經取代胺基、氰基、或-S(O)nR,其中R是烷基、芳基、或雜芳基,n是0、1或2。
"芳基"乙辭意指具6至10個碳原子之芳族碳環基團,且其可具一個單環(例如苯基)或多個環(例如聯苯基)或多個縮合(稠)環(例如萘基或蒽基)。合宜的芳基包括苯基、萘基等。
"伸芳基"乙辭意指如前面定義的芳基之二價基團。該伸芳基例如:1,4-伸苯基、1,3-伸苯基、1,2-伸苯基、1,4'-伸聯苯基等。
除非另外受該芳基或伸芳基取代基定義所限制,否則該芳基或伸芳基可任意經1至5個(合宜地1至3個)選自下列所成組群之取代基取代:烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、環烷基、環烯基、醯基、醯基胺基、醯氧基、胺基、胺基羰基、烷氧羰基胺基、疊氮基、氰基、鹵素、羥基、酮基、硫羰基、羧基、羧基烷基、芳硫基、雜芳硫基、雜環硫基、硫醇基、烷硫基、芳基、芳氧基、雜芳基、胺基磺醯基、胺基羰基胺基、雜芳氧基、雜環基、雜環氧基、
羥基胺基、烷氧基胺基、硝基、-SO-烷基、-SO-芳基、-SO-雜芳基、-SO2-烷基、SO2-芳基、和-SO2-雜芳基。除非另外被定義限制,否則所有的取代基可任意經1至3個選自下列之取代基進一步取代:烷基、羧基、羧基烷基、胺基羰基、羥基、烷氧基、鹵素、CF3、胺基、經取代胺基、氰基、和-S(O)nR,其中R是烷基、芳基、或雜芳基,n是0、1或2。
"芳氧基"乙辭意指芳基-O-基團,其中該芳基是如前面定義的並包括如前面定義的任意經取代芳基。"芳硫基"乙辭意指Ar-S-基團,其中Ar是如芳基中所定義者。
"胺基"乙辭意指-NH2基團。
"經取代胺基"乙辭意指-NRR基團,其中每一個R獨立地選自下列所成組群:氫、烷基、環烷基、羧基烷基(例如苯甲氧羰基)、芳基、雜芳基和雜環基(條件是二個R基團不全是氫),或基團-Y-Z,其中Y是任意經取代伸烷基,Z是烯基、環烯基或炔基。除非另外被定義限制,否則所有的取代基可任意經1至3個選自下列之取代基進一步取代:烷基、羧基、羧基烷基、胺基羰基、羥基、烷氧基、鹵素、CF3、胺基、經取代胺基、氰基、和-S(O)nR,其中R是烷基、芳基、或雜芳基,n是0、1或2。
"羧基烷基"乙辭意指-C(O)O-烷基或-C(O)O-環烷基基團,其中烷基與環烷基是如本文中所定義的,並可任意經選自下列之取代基進一步取代:烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、鹵素、CF3、胺基、經取代胺基、氰基、或-S(O)nR,
其中R是烷基、芳基、或雜芳基,n是0、1或2。
"環烷基"乙辭意指具一個單環或多個縮合環的具3至10個碳原子之碳環基團。該環烷基包括(例如)單環結構,例如環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環辛基等。
"經取代環烷基"乙辭意指具1、2、3、4或5個(合宜地1、2或3個)選自下列所成組群之取代基之環烷基:烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、環烷基、環烯基、醯基、醯基胺基、醯氧基、胺基、胺基羰基、烷氧羰基胺基、疊氮基、氰基、鹵素、羥基、酮基、硫羰基、羧基、羧基烷基、芳硫基、雜芳硫基、雜環硫基、硫醇基、烷硫基、芳基、芳氧基、雜芳基、胺基磺醯基、胺基羰基胺基、雜芳氧基、雜環基、雜環氧基、羥基胺基、烷氧基胺基、硝基、-SO-烷基、-SO-芳基、-SO-雜芳基、-SO2-烷基、SO2-芳基、和-SO2-雜芳基。除非另外被定義限制,否則所有的取代基可任意經1、2或3個選自下列之取代基進一步取代:烷基、羧基、羧基烷基、胺基羰基、羥基、烷氧基、鹵素、CF3、胺基、經取代胺基、氰基、和-S(O)nR,其中R是烷基、芳基、或雜芳基,n是0、1或2。
"鹵素"或"鹵基"乙辭意指氟、溴、氯和碘。
"醯基"乙辭代表-C(O)R基團,其中R是氫、任意經取代烷基、任意經取代烷氧基、任意經取代環烷基、任意經取代雜環基、任意經取代芳基、和任意經取代雜芳基。
"雜芳基"乙辭意指由至少一個在環內具1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10或12個碳原子及1、2、3或4個獨立
地選自氧、氮與硫的雜原子的芳環基團(即完全不飽和)所衍生的基團。該雜芳基可具有一個單環(例如吡啶基或呋喃基)或多個縮合環(例如吲基、苯並噻唑基或苯並噻吩基)。雜芳基實例包括(但不限於):[1,2,4]二唑、[1,3,4]二唑、[1,2,4]噻二唑、[1,3,4]噻二唑、吡咯、咪唑、吡唑、吡啶、吡、嘧啶、嗒、吲、異吲哚、吲哚、吲唑、嘌呤、喹嗪、異喹啉、喹啉、酞、萘吡啶、喹啉、喹唑啉、噌啉、喋啶、咔唑、咔啉、啡啶、吖啶、啡啉、噻唑、異噻唑、啡、唑、異唑、啡、啡噻、咪唑啶、咪唑啉等以及含有氮之雜芳基化合物的N-氧化物與N-烷氧基衍生物,例如吡啶-N-氧化物衍生物。除非另外被該雜芳基或伸雜芳基取代基定義限制,否則該雜芳基或伸雜芳基可任意經1至5個(合宜地1至3個)選自下列所成組群之取代基取代:烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、環烷基、環烯基、醯基、醯基胺基、醯氧基、胺基、胺基羰基、烷氧羰基胺基、疊氮基、氰基、鹵素、羥基、酮基、硫羰基、羧基、羧基烷基、芳硫基、雜芳硫基、雜環硫基、硫醇基、烷硫基、芳基、芳氧基、雜芳基、胺基磺醯基、胺基羰基胺基、雜芳氧基、雜環基、雜環氧基、羥基胺基、烷氧基胺基、硝基、-SO-烷基、-SO-芳基、-SO-雜芳基、-SO2-烷基、SO2-芳基、和-SO2-雜芳基。除非另外被定義限制,否則所有的取代基可任意經1至3個獨立地選自下列之取代基進一步取代:烷基、羧基、羧基烷基、胺基羰基、羥基、烷氧基、鹵素、CF3、胺基、經
取代胺基、氰基、和-S(O)nR,其中R是烷基、芳基、或雜芳基,n是0、1或2。
"雜芳烷基"乙辭意指和伸烷基共價結合的雜芳基,其中雜芳基與伸烷基是如本文中所定義的。"任意經取代雜芳烷基"乙辭意指和任意經取代伸烷基共價結合的任意經取代雜芳基。該雜芳烷基例如:3-吡啶甲基、喹啉-8-基乙基、4-甲氧基噻唑-2-基丙基等。
"雜芳氧基"乙辭意指雜芳基-O-基團。
"雜環基"乙辭意指具一個單環或多個縮合環的在環內具1至10個碳原子及1至5個(合宜地1、2或3個)獨立地選自氮、硫、磷和/或氧的雜原子之單價飽和或部份不飽和基團。雜環基可具有一個單環或多個縮合環並包括:四氫呋喃基、嗎啉基、噻烷、硫嗎啉基、四氫硫苯基、四氫哌喃基、四氫硫哌喃基、哌啶基、三唑啶基、哌基、二氫吡啶基、吡咯啶基、咪唑啶基、六氫嘧啶基、六氫嗒基、咪唑啉基等。
除非另外被該雜環基取代基定義限制,否則該雜環基可任意經1、2、3、4或5個(合宜地1、2或3個)選自下列所成組群之取代基取代:烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、環烷基、環烯基、醯基、醯基胺基、醯氧基、胺基、胺基羰基、烷氧羰基胺基、疊氮基、氰基、鹵素、羥基、酮基、硫羰基、羧基、羧基烷基、羧基環烷基、芳硫基、雜芳硫基、雜環硫基、硫醇基、烷硫基、芳基、芳氧基、雜芳基、胺基磺醯基、胺基羰基胺基、雜芳氧基、雜環基、
雜環氧基、羥基胺基、烷氧基胺基、硝基、-SO-烷基、-SO-芳基、-SO-雜芳基、-SO2-烷基、SO2-芳基、和-SO2-雜芳基。除非另外被定義限制,否則所有的取代基可任意經1至3個選自下列之取代基進一步取代:烷基、羧基、羧基烷基、胺基羰基、羥基、烷氧基、鹵素、CF3、胺基、經取代胺基、氰基、和-S(O)nR,其中R是烷基、芳基、或雜芳基,n是0、1或2。
"硫醇基"乙辭意指-SH基團。
"經取代烷硫基"乙辭意指-S-經取代烷基基團。
"雜芳基硫醇基"乙辭意指-S-雜芳基基團,其中該雜芳基是如前面定義且包括如前面定義的任意經取代雜芳基。
"亞碸"乙辭意指-S(O)R基團,其中R是烷基、芳基或雜芳基。"經取代亞碸"乙辭意指-S(O)R基團,其中R是如本文中所定義的經取代烷基、經取代芳基或經取代雜芳基。該"碸"乙辭意指-S(O)2R基團,其中R是烷基、芳基或雜芳基。"經取代碸"乙辭意指-S(O)2R基團,其中R是如本文中所定義的經取代烷基、經取代芳基或經取代雜芳基。
"酮基"乙辭意指-C(O)-基團。
"硫羰基"乙辭意指-C(S)-基團。
"羧基"乙辭意指-C(O)-OH基團。
"任意的"或"任意地"表示後面所說明的事件或情況可能出現或可能不出現,並且該說明包括前述事件或情況出現之情形和前述事件或情況不出現之情形。
"式I所示之化合物"乙辭旨在包含如所揭露的本發明化合物及其藥學上可接受之鹽、藥學上可接受之酯、前藥、水合物和多晶型物。此外,本發明化合物可能具有一或多個不對稱中心並可被製成外消旋混合物或被製成個別的鏡像異構物或非鏡像異構物。在任一已知的式I所示之化合物內存在的立體異構物數目取決所具有的不對稱中心數目(可能有2n個立體異構物,其中n是不對稱中心數目)。個別的立體異構物可由下列得到:在一些適當的合成階段對中間物之外消旋混合物或非外消旋混合物進行解析,或利用習用方式把式I所示之化合物解析。
本發明範圍包含個別的立體異構物(包括個別的鏡像異構物與非鏡像異構物)和立體異構物之外消旋混合物與非外消旋混合物,除非另有特別地指示,否則本專利說明書之結構希望描寫其全部。"異構物"是指具有相同分子式的不同化合物。
"立體異構物"是指只有原子在空間的排列方式不同的異構物。
"鏡像異構物"是彼此互為不能重疊的鏡像之一對立體異構物。一對鏡像異構物的1:1混合物是"外消旋"混合物。"(±)"用來適當地標出外消旋混合物。
"非鏡像異構物"是指具有至少二個不對稱原子但彼此不互為鏡像的立體異構物。
根據Cahn-Ingold-Prelog的R-S系統將絕對立體化學具體指定。在該化合物是純鏡像異構物的時候,每一手性
碳的立體化學可由R或S具體指定。視在鈉D線波長下化合物使偏光平面旋轉的方向(右旋的或左旋的)而定,將絕對組態未知的經解析的化合物標出(+)或(-)。
"胃腸外給藥"是通過給患者注射讓治療藥全身性給藥。
"患者"乙辭意指人。
"治療有效量"乙辭意指如後面所定義的在給藥予需要該治療的患者的時候,式I所示之化合物的量足以讓治療有效。該治療有效量會隨下列而變化:使用的治療藥的特定活性、患者年齡、身體狀況、其他疾病狀態的存在、和營養狀況。此外,患者可能正接受的其他藥物治療會影響要給予的治療藥的治療有效量之決定。
"治療(treatment)"或"治療(treating)"乙辭表示為了以下目的將本發明化合物給藥予患有疾病或易罹患疾病的患者:(i)預防該疾病,即不讓該疾病之臨床症狀發展;(ii)抑制該疾病,即抑制臨床症狀發展;和/或(iii)緩解該疾病,即緩和該疾病之症狀或讓臨床症狀消退。
在許多案例中,由於胺基和/或羧基或類似的基團存在使得本發明化合物能夠形成酸式鹽和/或鹼式鹽。
"藥學上可接受之鹽"乙辭意指保留式I所示之化合物的生物有效性及特性並且在生物學或其他方面沒有不期望的性質之鹽。可從無機鹼與有機鹼製得藥學上可接受之鹼
加成鹽。由無機鹼衍生之鹽包括(只舉例用):鈉鹽、鉀鹽、鋰鹽、銨鹽、鈣鹽、和鎂鹽。由有機鹼衍生之鹽包括(但不限於):一級胺鹽、二級胺鹽和三級胺鹽,例如烷基胺鹽、二烷基胺鹽、三烷基胺鹽、經取代烷基胺鹽、二(經取代烷基)胺鹽、三(經取代烷基)胺鹽、烯基胺鹽、二烯基胺鹽、三烯基胺鹽、經取代烯基胺鹽、二(經取代烯基)胺鹽、三(經取代烯基)胺鹽、環烷基胺鹽、二(環烷基)胺鹽、三(環烷基)胺鹽、經取代環烷基胺鹽、雙取代環烷基胺鹽、三取代環烷基胺鹽、環烯基胺鹽、二(環烯基)胺鹽、三(環烯基)胺鹽、經取代環烯基胺鹽、雙取代環烯基胺鹽、三取代環烯基胺鹽、芳基胺鹽、二芳基胺鹽、三芳基胺鹽、雜芳基胺鹽、二雜芳基胺鹽、三雜芳基胺鹽、雜環基胺鹽、二雜環基胺鹽、三雜環基胺鹽、二胺及三胺的混合胺,其中在該胺上的取代基中至少有二個是不同的並係選自下列所成組群:烷基、經取代烷基、烯基、經取代烯基、環烷基、經取代環烷基、環烯基、經取代環烯基、芳基、雜芳基、雜環基等。也包括二或三個取代基和胺基的氮一起形成一雜環基或雜芳基的胺。
適當胺之具體實例包括(只舉例用):異丙基胺、二乙基胺、三(異丙基)胺、三(正丙基)胺、乙醇胺、2-二甲基乙醇胺、離胺酸、精胺酸、組胺酸、咖啡因、普羅卡因、哈胺、膽鹼、甜菜鹼、乙二胺、葡萄糖胺、N-烷基還原葡糖胺、可可鹼、嘌呤、哌、哌啶、嗎啉、N-乙基哌啶等。
從無機酸與有機酸可製得藥學上可接受之酸加成鹽。由無機酸衍生之鹽包括:鹽酸鹽、氫溴酸鹽、硫酸鹽、硝酸鹽、磷酸鹽等。由有機酸衍生之鹽包括:乙酸鹽、丙酸鹽、乙醇酸鹽、丙酮酸鹽、草酸鹽、羥基丁二酸鹽、丙二酸鹽、丁二酸鹽、順丁烯二酸鹽、反丁烯二酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、苯甲酸鹽、肉桂酸鹽、羥基苯乙酸鹽、甲磺酸鹽、乙磺酸鹽、對甲苯磺酸鹽、水楊酸鹽等。
本案中所用的"藥學上可接受之載體"包括任何及所有的溶劑、分散介質、包衣、抗細菌及抗真菌劑、等滲及延遲吸收劑等。這些介質與藥劑於藥學活性物質上之用途是此項技術中廣為人知的。除非任何習用的介質或藥劑與有效成分不相容,否則本發明涵蓋其於治療組成物之用途。補充性有效成分也可併入該組成物中。
命名
本發明化合物之命名與編號用代表性的式I所示之化合物說明之,其中R1是丙-2-醇,R2是甲基,和R3是氫:
即:N-(4-(7-(3-羥基-3-甲基丁-1-炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺
合成反應參數
"劑"、"惰性有機溶劑"或"惰性溶劑"用語表示溶劑在與其一起被說明的反應條件下呈惰性。實例包括(例如):苯、甲苯、乙腈、四氫呋喃("THF")、二甲基甲醯胺("DMF")、三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷、二乙醚、甲醇、吡啶等。除非有相反指定,否則在本發明之反應中使用的溶劑是惰性有機溶劑。該"q.s."表示加入足以達到指定功能例如讓溶液到達期望的體積(即100%)的量。
合成式I所示之化合物
如反應計畫I中所示可製得式I所示之化合物(其中X、Y與Z皆是-CR4-,其中R4是氫)。
步驟1-製備式(2)所示之化合物
式(1)所示之化合物是商購的或由此項技術中廣為人知的方式製得。一般說來,在大約0℃下用一惰性溶劑(例如二氯甲烷)溶解該式(1)所示之化合物,依序加入三級鹼(例如吡啶)和三氟甲磺酸酐。讓該混合物加溫到室溫,攪拌到反應完成為止,大體上大約1小時。在反應大致完成的時候,由習用方式單離出該式(2)所示之產物。
步驟2-製備式(3)所示之化合物
將新製的二硫亞磺酸鈉之水溶液加入該式(2)所示之化合物之惰性溶劑(例如四氫呋喃)懸浮液中。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌大約2小時,然後將二硫亞磺酸鈉加入。將該反應混合物攪拌到反應完成為止,典型地在室溫下攪拌大約24小時。在反應大致完成的時候,由習用方式單離出該式(3)所示之產物,任意地不進一步提純就在下一反應中使用。
步驟3-製備式(4)所示之化合物
在大約0℃下將甲磺醯氯慢慢加入該式(3)所示之化合物之三級鹼(例如吡啶)懸浮液中,讓該混合物加溫到大約室溫。在反應完成的時候,典型地大約2小時,在劇烈攪拌下將水一部份一部份地加入。在反應大致完成的時候,由習用方式單離出該式(4)所示之粗製品,由習用方式提純
該式(4)所示之產物(例如在惰性溶劑例如乙腈中加熱,冷卻,過濾出)。
步驟4-製備式I所示之化合物
一般說來,在室溫下用一惰性溶劑(例如四氫呋喃)溶解該式(4)所示之化合物,將該式(5)所示之經取代炔與PdCl2(PPh3)2、碘化銅、三苯基膦、和一有機鹼(例如三乙胺)一起加入。以微波在大約60至100℃下讓該混合物加熱大約10至60分鐘。在反應大致完成的時候,由習用方式將該式I所示之產物單離出並提純之。
在反應計畫II中顯示用於製備式I所示之化合物之替代製法。
步驟1-製備式(7)所示之化合物
在一惰性溶劑(例如四氫呋喃)中讓該式(4)所示之化合物(例如按反應計畫I中所示製得)和三甲基矽烷基乙炔、PdCl2(PPh3)2、碘化銅、三苯基膦、與三級胺(例如三乙
胺)(3.12 ml,4.0 eq)接觸。以微波在大約85℃下讓該混合物加熱大約30分鐘。在反應大致完成的時候,由習用方式將該產物單離出並提純之。
然後用一惰性溶劑或惰性溶劑混合物(例如甲醇/四氫呋喃混合物)溶解該產物,加入弱鹼(例如),在大約室溫下將該混合物攪拌大約1小時。在反應大致完成的時候,由習用方式將該式(7)所示之產物單離出並提純之。
步驟3-製備式(I)所示之化合物
將該式(7)所示之化合物和該適當的式R1-鹵素所示之化合物(例如4-溴-2-三級丁氧基吡啶)混合。以微波在大約85℃下讓其與PdCl2(PPh3)2、碘化銅、三苯基膦、三級鹼(例如三乙胺)和一惰性溶劑(例如四氫呋喃)混合物加熱大約30分鐘。在反應大致完成的時候,由習用方式將該產物單離出並提純之,然後在室溫下在一惰性溶劑(例如二氯甲烷)中用酸(例如三氟乙酸)處理大約1小時以脫保護,由習用方式將該式(I)所示之產物單離出。
用途實用性、試驗及給藥
一般用途
該式I所示之化合物於治療對ALDH-2抑制劑給藥有反應的病況上大體上是有效的。明確地說,該式I所示之化合物可用於治療對多巴胺產生劑(例如古柯鹼、鴉片劑、安非他命、尼古丁、飲食過度和酒精)成癮。
不希望受理論的束縛,吾人咸信由於ALDH-2抑制劑有使與不同成癮性行為有關聯之上升的多巴胺濃度正常化之能力而可有效治療成癮。見N.D.Volkow et al.,Dopamine in drug abuse and addiction:results from imaging studies and treatment implications,Mol.Psychiatry 9(2004),pp.557-569;和B.J.Everitt and M.E.Wolf,Psychomotor stimulant addiction:a neural systems perspective,J.Neurosci.22(2002),pp.3312-3320。
考慮到此所提出之作用機制,ALDH-2抑制劑(例如式I所示之化合物)可用於治療與上升的多巴胺濃度有關聯之成癮性與強迫性行為及神經病況。該行為及病況包括(但不限於):強迫性賭博、飲食過度、購物、強迫症(OCD)、精神分裂症、注意力不足過動症等。
試驗
活性試驗係按在前面引用的專利及專利申請案和在下面的實施例中所說明的方式並由所屬領域的技術人員顯而易知的方法進行。例如,在“The Mitrochondrial Monoamine Oxidase-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Pathway:A Potential Site of Action of Daidzin”,J.Med.Chem.2000,43,4169-4179中說明者。一般說來,把經密度梯度提純的粒線體製劑之細胞膜與溶解產物用作為個別的酶來源來檢驗式I所示之化合物以分別確定其於MAO與ALDH-2
之作用。該結果以IC50值表示。
藥學組成物
該式I所示之化合物通常是以藥學組成物形式給藥。本發明因此提出藥學組成物,其包含作為有效成分的一或多種的該式I所示之化合物或其藥學上可接受之鹽或酯,及一或多種的藥學上可接受之賦形劑、載體(包括惰性固體稀釋劑與填料)、稀釋劑(包括無菌水溶液與各種有機溶劑)、滲透促進劑、助溶劑、和佐劑。該式I所示之化合物可單獨使用或與其他治療藥結合使用。該藥學組成物是以在製藥技藝中廣為人知的方式製得,見例如Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,Mace Publishing Co.,Philadelphia,PA 17th Ed.(1985)與“Modern Pharmaceutics”,Marcel Dekker,Inc.3rd Ed.(G.S.Banker & C.T.Rhodes,Eds.)。
給藥
該式I所示之化合物可利用公認之具相似用途的藥劑之給藥模式中的任一者以單劑或多劑形式給藥,例如在以引用方式併入本文的專利及專利申請案中說明的給藥模式(包括直腸給藥、經頰給藥、鼻內給藥、透過皮膚給藥)、動脈內注射、靜脈內給藥、腹膜內給藥、胃腸外給藥、肌內給藥、皮下給藥、口服給藥、局部性給藥、吸入劑、或通過經浸漬或經塗膜之裝置(例如支架,例如動脈嵌入式
圓筒狀聚合物)。
一種用於給藥的模式是胃腸外給藥,特別是利用注射。該可利用注射給藥的本發明之新穎的組成物的形式包括:水懸液或油懸液或乳劑(具有芝麻油、玉米油、棉籽油、或花生油)、和酏劑、甘露糖醇、葡萄糖、或無菌水溶液、和相似的藥學溶媒。鹽水溶液在慣例上也用於注射,但在本發明情況下不是很合宜。也可利用乙醇、甘油、丙二醇、液體聚乙二醇等(及其適當混合物)、環糊精衍生物、和植物油。可以(例如)利用塗佈(例如卵磷脂)、利用保持分散液中的需要的顆粒大小、和利用界面活性劑以保持適當流動性。利用各種抗細菌及抗真菌劑(例如對羥基苯甲酸酯、氯丁醇、酚、山梨酸、硫柳汞等)可防止微生物之作用。
無菌可注射溶液是由在適當溶劑中把需要量的該式I所示之化合物和如前面列舉的各種其他成分混合然後過濾滅菌而製得。大體上,分散液是由把該各種無菌的活性成分加入一包含基礎分散介質與前面列舉的需要的其他成分之無菌溶媒中而製得。在用於製備無菌可注射溶液的無菌粉劑之情形,合宜的製備法是真空乾燥法與冷凍乾燥法,其得到該活性成分及來自前述經過濾滅菌的溶液的任何另外的需要的成分的粉劑。
口服是另一種該式I所示之化合物的給藥途徑。可通過膠囊或腸溶片等給藥。在製造包含至少一種的式I所示之化合物的藥學組成物之情形,通常用賦形劑稀釋該活性
成分和/或用可以是膠囊、小藥囊、紙、或其他容器形式的載體包封該活性成分。在把該賦形劑用作為稀釋劑(可以是如前述之固體、半固體、或液體材料)的時候,該賦形劑充當該活性成分之溶媒、載體、或介質。從而該藥學組成物可以是錠劑、藥丸、粉劑、菱形錠劑、小藥囊、扁囊劑、酏劑、懸浮液、乳液、溶液、糖漿、氣霧劑(固體或液體介質)、軟膏(含有例如多達10 wt%的該活性成分)、軟及硬明膠膠囊、無菌可注射溶液、和無菌包裝粉劑形式。
適當賦形劑的一些實例包括:乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、澱粉、阿拉伯樹膠、磷酸鈣、海藻酸鹽、黃蓍樹膠、明膠、矽酸鈣、微晶型纖維素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、纖維素、無菌水、糖漿、和甲基纖維素。該調合物可另外包括:潤滑劑(例如滑石粉、硬脂酸鎂、和礦物油);潤濕劑;乳化劑與懸浮劑;防腐劑(例如苯甲酸甲酯與羥基苯甲酸丙酯);甜味劑;和調味劑。
可將本發明組成物配製以便在利用此項技術中廣為人知的步驟給藥予患者之後提供該活性成分之快速釋放、緩釋或延時釋放。用於口服的控制釋放藥物遞送系統包括滲泵系統與溶解系統(含有聚合物包覆式儲存器或藥物聚合物基質調合物)。控制釋放系統實例見美國專利3,845,770、4,326,525、4,902,514、和5,616,345。用於本發明之方法的另一種調合物使用透過皮膚遞送裝置(“貼片”)。該透過皮膚貼片可用於提供本發明化合物以控制量
持續或斷續滲入。用於遞送藥劑之透過皮膚貼片之製作與用途是此項技術中廣為人知的。見美國專利5,023,252、4,992,445、和5,001,139。該貼片可為持續、脈衝或按需遞送藥劑目的而製作。
本發明組成物合宜地以單一式劑量型形式配製。"單一式劑量型"乙辭意指適合作為用於患者之單一劑量的物理不連續單元,每一單元包含被計算以產生期望的療效的預定量的活性成分和適當藥學賦形劑(例如錠劑、膠囊或安瓿)。該式I所示之化合物在很大的劑量範圍內有效並且大體上是以藥學上有效的量給藥。合宜地,對口服而言,每一單一式劑量型包含從10 mg到2 g,較合宜地從10到700 mg的式I所示之化合物,而對胃腸外給藥而言,合宜地從10到700 mg,較合宜地大約50到200 mg的式I所示之化合物。然而請瞭解住烷內科醫師根據相關的情況會確定該式I所示之化合物的實際給藥量,該相關的情況包括要治療的病況、所選擇的給藥途徑、所給予的實際化合物及其相對活性、個別患者的年齡、體重和反應、患者的症狀的嚴重程度等。
對製備固體組成物(例如錠劑)而言,將該主要的活性成分和藥學賦形劑混合以形成含有本發明化合物之均質混合物的固體預調配的組成物。在提及這些預調配的組成物為均質的時候,其表示該活性成分均勻地分散於整個該組成物,使得可將該組成物很快細分成等效的單一式劑量型,例如錠劑、藥丸和膠囊。
可將本發明之錠劑或藥丸包覆或以其他方式摻混以得到可提供延長作用之優勢或免於胃酸之害的劑量型。例如,該錠劑或藥丸可包含一內部劑量組分與一外部劑量組分,該外部劑量組分是在該內部劑量組分上的外包體。該二組分可由腸溶性層隔開,該腸溶性層可以抗胃酸分解並讓該內部組分不受損傷地通過進入十二指腸或讓該內部組分延時釋放。可將各式各樣的材料用於該腸溶性層或腸溶性塗膜,該材料包括一些高分子酸及高分子酸與例如蟲膠、十六醇與乙酸纖維素的材料之混合物。
用於吸入劑或吹入劑的組成物包括藥學上可接受之水性溶劑或有機溶劑或其混合物的溶液與懸浮液和粉劑。該液體組成物或固體組成物可包含如前面說明的適當藥學上可接受之賦形劑。合宜地,為局部性或全身性效果之目的將該組成物經口或鼻呼吸道途徑給藥。利用惰性氣體可將在合宜的藥學上可接受之溶劑中的組成物霧化。可從噴霧器直接吸入霧化的溶液,或該噴霧器可連接到一面罩吸入器或間歇式正壓呼吸機。溶液、懸浮液或粉劑可從以適當方式遞送調合物的裝置合宜地經口或鼻給藥。
將下列實施例包含在內以說明本發明之合宜的體系。本領域的技術人員應瞭解在實施例中所揭露之技術按照本發明者發現的代表性技術讓本發明之實施成功,從而可被認為構成用於本發明之實施的合宜模式。然而,按照本揭露,本領域的技術人員應瞭解在不脫離本發明之精神與範圍下在所揭露之具體體系中可進行許多的改變並仍舊得到
相像或類似的結果。
式(2)所示之化合物之製法
A.製備式(2)所示之化合物(其中R3是氫)
將吡啶(15.6 mL,193.2 mmol)加入商購的7-羥基-3-(4-硝基苯基)-4H-色烯-4-酮(10 g,48.3 mmol)之二氯甲烷(100 mL)懸浮液中,然後在冰浴中讓該混合物冷卻。在0℃下將三氟甲磺酸酐(16.3 mL,96.6 mmol)慢慢加入此溶液中,然後讓此溶液升溫到室溫,攪拌1小時到反應完成為止。使該反應混合物於乙酸乙酯和水之間分配。用硫酸鎂乾燥該有機相,在減壓下除去溶劑。該殘渣在乙腈中加熱,過濾出固體,得到三氟甲磺酸3-(4-硝基苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-酯。
式(3)所示之化合物之製法
A.製備式(3)所示之化合物(其中R3是氫)
將新製二硫亞磺酸鈉溶液(5.13 g,20 mL)加入三氟甲磺酸3-(4-硝基苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-酯(5.0 g,14.75 mmol)之四氫呋喃(20 mL)懸浮液中。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌2小時,然後將二硫亞磺酸鈉(2.57 g)分二批加入。在室溫下將該反應混合物攪拌24小時後反應完成。在減壓下讓該有機溶劑蒸發,然後將水(10 mL)加入該懸浮液中。過濾出在懸浮液中的固體,在高度真空下乾燥。使該產物在乙腈中加熱,攪拌至達到室溫為止。過濾出固體,得到三氟甲磺酸3-(4-胺基苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-酯(4.1 g),其在下一步驟中不進一步提純就使用。
式(4)所示之化合物之製法
A.製備式(4)所示之化合物(其中R2是甲基和R3是氫)
在0℃下將甲磺醯氯(1.1 mL,14.24 mmol)花5分鐘加
入三氟甲磺酸3-(4-胺基苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-酯(2.2 g,7.12 mmol)之吡啶(10 mL)懸浮液中,然後在攪拌下讓此混合物升溫到室溫。經過2小時後反應完成,在劇烈攪拌下一部份一部份地加入水。然後將該有機相分離出,濃縮,過濾出所得固體,在高度真空下乾燥。使該固體在乙腈中加熱,攪拌至達到室溫為止,然後過濾出固體,得到三氟甲磺酸3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-酯(2.49 g)。1H NMR(DMSO,400 MHz)δ 9.87(s,1H);8.60(s,1H);8.31(d,J=8.0 Hz,1H);8.09(s,1H);7.65(d,J=8.0 Hz,1H);7.57(d,J=8.4 Hz,2H);7.27(d,J=8.4Hz,2H);3.01(s,3 H)。
式I所示之化合物之製法
A.製備式I所示之化合物(其中R1是2-甲基丙-2-醇,R2是甲基和R3是氫)
在無水四氫呋喃(10 ml)中讓三氟甲磺酸3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-酯(2.0 g,4.32 mmol)、2-甲基丁-3-炔-2-醇(0.48 ml,1.2 eq)、PdCl2(PPh3)2(140 mg,
0.05 eq)、碘化銅(23 mg,0.002 eq)、三苯基膦(32 mg,0.03 eq)和三乙胺(2.5 ml,4.0 eq)混合,以微波在85℃下讓該混合物加熱30分鐘。使該反應混合物於乙酸乙酯和水之間分配。用硫酸鎂乾燥該有機相,在減壓下除去溶劑。將該粗製品在乙腈中加熱,冷卻,過濾出固體。重複此步驟二次,得到N-(4-(7-(3-羥基-3-甲基丁-1-炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺。
C21H19NO5S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 398.06 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):δ:9.85(s,1H),8.53(s,1H),8.08(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.69(s,1H),7.55(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.46(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.25(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),5.59(s,1H),3.01(s,3H),1.48(s,6H)。
B.製備其他的式I所示之化合物
同樣地,按照實施例4A之步驟,但用其他的式(4)所示之化合物任意替代三氟甲磺酸3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-酯,和用其他的式(5)所式之炔任意替代2-甲基丁-3-炔-2-醇,製得下列式I所示之化合物:N-(4-(7-(3-甲氧基丙-1-炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;
C20H17NO5S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 384.08 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):1H-NMR(DMSO)δ:9.92(s,1H),8.55(s,1H),8.11(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.61(s,1H),7.61-7.55(m,3H),7.25(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),4.39(s,2H),3.35(s,3H),3.00(s,3H)。
N-(4-(7-((1-羥基環戊基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;
C23H21NO5S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 424.16 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):1H-NMR(DMSO)δ:9.85(s,1H),8.53(s,1H),8.09(s,1H),7.70(s,1H),7.55(s,2H),7.47(s,1H),7.26(s,2H),5.45(s,1H),3.01(s,3H),1.93-1.70(m,8H)。
N-(4-(4-酮基-7-(吡啶-2-基乙炔基)-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;
C23H16N2O4S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 417.12 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):1H-NMR(DMSO)δ:9.86(s,1H),8.65(s,1H),8.57(s,1H),8.17(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),7.98-7.89(m,2H),7.73-7.46(m,5H),7.27-7.26(m,2H),3.01(s,3H)。
N-(4-(7-((1-胺基環己基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;
C24H24N2O4S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 437.20 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):1H-NMR(DMSO)δ:8.52(s,1H),8.07(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.65(s,1H),7.54-7.24(m,5H),2.99(s,3H),1.80-1.18(m,10H)。
N-(4-(7-((1-羥基環己基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;
C24H23NO5S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 438.22 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):1H-NMR(DMSO)δ:9.87(s,1H),8.53
(s,1H),8.09(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.71(s,1H),7.56-7.47(m,3H),7.24(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),5.56(s,1H),3.00(s,3H),1.87-1.25(m,10H)。
N-(4-(4-酮基-7-(嘧啶-5-基乙炔基)-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;
C22H15N3O4S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 418-12 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):1H-NMR(DMSO)δ:9.85(s,1H),9.23(s,1H),9.07(s,2H),8.56(s,1H),8.17(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.97(s,1H),7.69-7.66(m,1H),7.55(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.25(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),3.00(s,3H)。
N-(4-(4-酮基-7-(吡啶-3-基乙炔基)-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;
C23H16N2O4S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 417.15 1H NMR
(400MHz,dmso-d6):1H-NMR(DMSO)δ:9.86(s,1H),8.84(s,1H),8.64(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),8.56(s,1H),8.15(s,1H),8.08(s,1H),7.95(s,1H),7.66(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),7.56-7.54(m,3H),7.25(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),3.00(s,3H)。
N-(4-(7-(((1S,2R)-2-羥基環戊基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;
C23H21NO5S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 424.16 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):1H-NMR(DMSO)δ:9.83(s,1H),8.50(s,1H),8.04(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.66(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),7.54(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.44-7.42(m,1H),7.23(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),5.05(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),4.11-4.08(m,1H),2.99(s,3H),2.99-2.72(m,1H),2.08-2.07(m,1H),1.91-1.86(m,1H),1.69-1.64(m,2H),1.51-1.46(m,1H)。
N-(4-(7-(環丙基乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;
C21H17NO4S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 380.06 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):1H-NMR(DMSO)δ:9.84(s,1H),8.51(s,1H),8.04(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.67(s,1H),7.55(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.43(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.25(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),3.00(s,3H),1.63-1.59(m,1H),0.96-0.92(m,2H),0.83-0.78(m,2H)。
N-(4-(4-酮基-7-(苯基乙炔基)-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;
C24H17NO4S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 416.07 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):1H-NMR(DMSO)δ:9.86(s,1H),8.56(s,1H),8.14(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.91(s,1H),7.65-7.46(m,8H),7.26(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),3.01(s,3H)。
N-(4-(7-((1-甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;
C22H17N3O4S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 420.12 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):1H-NMR(DMSO)δ:9.88(s,1H),9.28-9.01(m,2H),9.59(s,1H),8.19(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.03(s,1H),7.70(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.57(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.26(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),3.91(s,3H),3.01(s,3H)。
N-(4-(7-(3-甲氧基丙-1-炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)環丙磺醯胺;
C22H19NO5S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 410.15 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):1H-NMR(DMSO)δ:9.82(s,1H),8.53(s,1H),8.08(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.8(s,1H),7.55-7.51(m,2H),7.41(d,J=5.2Hz,1H),7.27(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),4.37(s,2H),3.34(s,3H),2.7-2.62(m,1H),0.94-0.91(m,4H)。
4-((3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-基)乙炔基)哌啶-1-甲酸三級丁酯;
C28H30N2O6S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 523.01 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):δ:9.86(s,1H);8.58(s,1H);8.09(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H);7.74(s,1H);7.57-7.48(m,3H);7.27(d,J=8.4 Hz,2H),3.68-3.36(m,2H);3.17-3.01(m,2H);2.95(s,3H),2.94-2.91(m,1H);1.86-1.83(m,2H);1.58-1.54(m,2H);1.50(s,9H)。
3-((3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-基)乙炔基)吖丁啶-1-甲酸三級丁酯;
C26H26N2O6S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 495.03 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):δ:9.86(s,1H);8.54(s,1H);8.11(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H);7.80(s,1H);7.57-7.52(m,3H);7.27(d,J=8.4 Hz,2H),4.21(m,2H);3.90(m,2H);3.76-3.72(m,1H);3.01(s,3H),1.44(s,9H)。
N-(4-(4-酮基-7-((四氫-2H-哌喃-4-基)乙炔基)-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;
C23H21NO5S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 424.10 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):δ:9.85(s,1H);8.52(s,1H);8.08(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H);7.72(s,1H);7.56-7.47(m,3H);7.26(d,J=8.4 Hz,2H),3.83-3.81(m,2H);3.47-3.42(m,2H);2.97(s,3H),2.96-2.93(m,1H);1.87-1.84(m,2H);1.67-1.61(m,2H)。
C.製備其他的式I所示之化合物
同樣地,按照實施例4A之步驟,但用其他的式(4)所示之化合物任意替代三氟甲磺酸3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-酯,和用其他的式(5)所式之炔任意替代2-甲基丁-3-炔-2-醇,製得其他的式I所示之化合物:
式I所示之化合物之替代製法
A.製備式I所示之化合物(其中R1是2-酮基-1,2-二氫吡啶-4-基,R2是甲基和R3是氫)
步驟1-製備N-(4-(4-酮基-7-((三甲基矽烷基)乙炔基)-
4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺
在無水四氫呋喃(10 ml)中讓三氟甲磺酸3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-酯(2.5 g,5.39 mmol)、三甲基矽烷基乙炔(0.92 ml,1.2 eq)、PdCl2(PPh3)2(175 mg,0.05 eq)、碘化銅(28.8 mg,0.03 eq)、三苯基膦(40 mg,0.03 eq)和三乙胺(3.12 ml,4.0 eq)混合,以微波在85℃下讓該混合物加熱30分鐘。使該反應混合物於乙酸乙酯和水之間分配,用硫酸鎂乾燥該有機相,在減壓下除去溶劑。將該粗製品在乙腈中加熱,冷卻,過濾出固體。重複此步驟二次,得到N-(4-(4-酮基-7-((三甲基矽烷基)乙炔基)-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺。
步驟2-製備N-(4-(7-乙炔基-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺
將甲醇/四氫呋喃之1:1混合物(6 ml)溶解N-(4-(4-
酮基-7-((三甲基矽烷基)乙炔基)-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺(1.8 g,4.37 mmol),加入碳酸鉀(121 mg,0.2 eq),在室溫下將該混合物攪拌1小時。反應完成後,在減壓下除去溶劑,利用乙酸乙酯和水萃取該殘渣使之分離。用硫酸鎂乾燥該有機相,過濾,在減壓下除去溶劑,得到N-(4-(7-乙炔基-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺。
步驟3-製備N-(4-(4-酮基-7-((2-酮基-1,2-二氫吡啶-4-基)乙炔基)-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺
在無水四氫呋喃(10 ml)中讓N-(4-(7-乙炔基-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺(100 mg,0.29 mmol)、4-溴-2-三級丁氧基吡啶(0.074 mg,1.1 eq)、PdCl2(PPh3)2(10 mg,0.05 eq)、碘化銅(4 mg,0.002 eq)、三苯基膦(6 mg,0.03 eq)和三乙胺(0.12 ml,4.0 eq)混合,以微波在85℃下讓該混合物加熱30分鐘。在減壓下除去溶劑,利用乙酸乙酯和水萃取該殘渣使之分離。用硫酸鎂乾燥該有機相,過濾,在減壓下濃縮,得到N-(4-(7-((2-三級丁氧基吡啶-4-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺。用二氯甲烷/三氟乙酸之1:1混合物(4 ml)溶解此粗製品,在
室溫下將該混合物攪拌1小時。在減壓下除去溶劑,利用乙酸乙酯和水萃取該殘渣。用硫酸鎂乾燥該有機相,過濾,在減壓下濃縮。將該產物和乙腈加熱,冷卻,過濾出固體。重複此步驟二次,得到N-(4-(4-酮基-7-((2-酮基-1,2-二氫吡啶-4-基)乙炔基)-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺。
C23H16N2O5S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 433.04 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):1H-NMR(DMSO)δ:11.80(s,1H),9.87(s,1H),8.58(s,1H),8.17(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.98(s,1H),7.67(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.58(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.45(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),7.27(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.58(s,1H),6.30(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),3.03(s,3H)。
B.製備其他的式I所示之化合物
同樣地,按照實施例5A之步驟1、2與3,但用其他的式R1-X所示之化合物(其中X是鹵素)任意替代4-溴-2-三級丁氧基吡啶,製得其他的式I所示之化合物:
式I所示之化合物之替代製法
A.製備式I所示之化合物(其中R1是1-(環丙羰基)吖丁啶-3-基,R2是甲基和R3是氫)
將三氟乙酸(0.2 mL,2.08 mmol)加入3-((3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-基)乙炔基)吖丁啶-1-甲酸三級丁酯(103 mg,0.209 mmol)之二氯甲烷(2 mL)溶液中,在室溫下將該反應混合物攪拌。經過2小時後,將該反應混合物濃縮,在減壓下讓該殘渣乾燥。用二氯甲烷(3 mL)溶解該粗製品,加入二異丙基乙胺(0.2 mL)與環丙羰基氯(0.1 mL),在室溫下將該混合物攪拌。經過16小時後,在減壓下讓該反應混合物濃縮,用四氫呋喃(2 mL)溶解該殘渣,加入7N氨之甲醇溶液(4 mL),將該混合物攪拌14小時。然後將該反應混合物濃縮,層析(SiO2,5%甲醇/乙酸乙酯),得到N-(4-(7-((1-(環丙羰基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺:C25H22N2O5S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 463.03 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):δ:9.84(s,1H);8.54(s,1H);8.11(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H);7.80(s,1H);7.57-7.52(m,3H);7.27(d,J=8.4 Hz,2H),4.62(m,1H);4.32-4.20(m,2H);3.90-3.80(m,2H);2.95(s,3H),1.52-1.48(m,1H);0.72-0.68(m,4H)。
B.製備其他的式I所示之化合物
同樣地,按照實施例6A之步驟,但用N-(4-(4-酮基-7-(哌啶-4-基乙炔基)-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺替代3-((3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-基)乙炔基)吖丁啶-1-甲酸三級丁酯,製得下列式I所示之化合物:
N-(4-(7-((1-(環丙羰基)哌啶-4-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;C27H26N2O5S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 491.1 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d 6 ):δ:9.84(s,1H);8.52(s,1H);8.08(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H);7.74(s,1H);7.56-7.48(m,3H);7.26(d,J=8.4 Hz,2H),3.93-3.89(m,2H);3.49-3.40(m,2H);3.24-3.15(m,1H);3.03(s,3H),2.00-1.95(m,2H);1.64-1.44(m,3H);0.71-0.68(m,4H)。
C.製備其他的式I所示之化合物
同樣地,按照實施例6A之步驟,但用其他的相似化合物任意替代3-((3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-基)乙炔基)吖丁啶-1-甲酸三級丁酯,製得其他的式I所示之化合物:
式I所示之化合物之替代製法
A.製備式I所示之化合物(其中R1是哌啶-4-基,R2是甲基和R3是氫)
將三氟乙酸(0.05 mL)加入4-((3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-基)乙炔基)哌啶-1-甲酸三級丁酯(32 mg,0.06 mmol)之二氯甲烷(1 mL)溶液中,在室溫下將該混合物攪拌。經過2小時後,在減壓下將該反應混合物濃縮,讓該殘渣乾燥。用MP-Carbonate(4 eq)/二氯甲烷讓此三氟乙酸鹽轉變成游離胺,讓該所得游離胺轉變成對應之N-(4-(4-酮基-7-(哌啶-4-基乙炔基)-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺鹽酸鹽。
C23H22N2O4S.HCl之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 423.10 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):δ:11.90(s,1H);9.88(s,1H);8.94(brs,1H);8.54(s,1H);8.09(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H);7.76(s,1H);7.56-7.49(m,3H);7.27(d,J=8.4 Hz,2H),3.56-3.36(m,4H);2.96(s,3H),2.94-2.91(m,1H);2.08-2.06(m,2H);1.86-1.83(m,2H)。
B.製備其他的式I所示之化合物
同樣地,按照實施例7A之步驟,但用相似的化合物替代4-((3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-基)乙炔基)哌啶-1-甲酸三級丁酯,製得其他的式I所示之化合物:
式I所示之化合物之替代製法
A.製備式I所示之化合物(其中R1是1,2-二甲基-1H-咪唑,R2是甲基和R3是氫)
在0℃下將(1-重氮-2-酮基-丙基)-膦酸二甲酯(1 g,5.2 mmol)之甲醇(5 ml)溶液逐滴加入經攪拌的1,2-二甲基-1H-咪唑-5-甲醛(645 mg,5.2 mmol)與碳酸鉀(1.4 g,10.4 mmol)與甲醇(10 ml)混合物中。讓該所得混合物慢慢升溫到室溫,攪拌整夜。然後將該所得混合物濃縮,層析(SiO2,5%甲醇/乙酸乙酯),得到N-(4-(7-((1,2-二甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺。
C23H19N3O4S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 434.1 1H NMR
(400MHz,dmso-d6):δ:9.86(s,1H);8.55(s,1H);8.14(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H);7.90(s,1H);7.63-7.56(m,3H);7.29-7.25(m,3H),3.65(s,3H);3.02(s,3H);2.35(s,3H)。
B.製備其他的式I所示之化合物
同樣地,按照實施例8A之步驟,但用1-異丙基-1H-咪唑-5-甲醛鹽酸鹽替代1,2-二甲基-1H-咪唑-5-甲醛,製得下列式I所示之化合物:N-(4-(7-((1-異丙基-1H-咪唑-5-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;
C24H21N3O4S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 448.08 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):δ:9.86(s,1H);8.56(s,1H);8.14(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H);7.97(s,1H);7.91(s,1H);7.63-7.53(m,3H);7.42(s,1H);7.26(d,J=8.4 Hz,2H);4.65(m,1H);3.02(s,3H);1.51(d,J=6.4 Hz,6H)。
同樣地,用1-甲基-1H-咪唑-4-甲醛替代1,2-二甲基-1H-咪唑-5-甲醛,製得下列式I所示之化合物:N-(4-(7-((1-甲基-1H-咪唑-4-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;
N-(4-(7-((1-甲基-1H-咪唑-4-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;C22H17N3O4S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 420.08 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):δ:9.86(s,1H);8.56(s,1H);8.14(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H);7.91(s,1H);7.63-7.53(m,5H);7.26(d,J=8.4 Hz,2H);3.70(s,3H);3.02(s,3H)。
C.製備其他的式I所示之化合物
同樣地,按照實施例8A之步驟,但用相似化合物替代1,2-二甲基-1H-咪唑-5-甲醛,製得其他的式I所示之化合物:
式I所示之化合物之替代製法
A.製備式I所示之化合物(其中R1是1-吖丁啶-3-基,R2是甲基和R3是氫)
將三氟乙酸(0.8 mL)加入3-((3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-基)乙炔基)吖丁啶-1-甲酸三級丁酯(237 mg,0.48 mmol)之二氯甲烷(8 mL)溶液中,在室溫下將該混合物攪拌。經過2小時後,在減壓下將該反應混合物濃縮,將二乙醚和該殘渣一起研磨,過濾,乾燥,得到N-(4-(7-(吖丁啶-3-基乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺三氟乙酸鹽。C21H18N2O4S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 395.06 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):δ:9.86(s,1H);8.82(s,1H);8.55(s,1H);8.14(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H);7.78(s,1H);7.56-7.52(m,3H);7.27(d,J=8.4 Hz,2H),4.27-4.24(m,2H);4.09-3.98(m,3H);3.01(s,3H)。
式I所示之化合物之替代製法
A.製備式I所示之化合物(其中R1是環戊基吖丁啶-1-甲酸根,R2是甲基和R3是氫)
將2,5-二酮基吡咯啶-1-基碳酸環戊酯(95 mg,0.42 mmol)與二異丙基乙胺(0.2 mL,1.4 mmol)加入N-(4-(7-(吖
丁啶-3-基乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺三氟乙酸鹽(55 mg,0.140 mmol)與二氯甲烷(3 mL)混合物中,在室溫下將該混合物攪拌16小時。在減壓下將該所得混合物濃縮,層析(SiO2,25%乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷),得到3-((3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-基)乙炔基)吖丁啶-1-甲酸環戊酯:C27H26N2O6S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 507.07 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):δ:9.85(s,1H);8.53(s,1H);8.11(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H);7.56(s,1H);7.54-7.51(m,3H);7.26(d,J=8.4 Hz,2H),4.96(m,1H);4.23-4.19(m,2H);3.94-3.90(m,2H);3.79-3.74(m,1H);3.01(s,3H),1.78-1.50(m,8H)。
B.製備其他的式I所示之化合物
同樣地,按照實施例10A之步驟,但用異丁醛替代2,5-二酮基吡咯啶-1-基碳酸環戊酯,製得其他的式(I)所示之化合物。
C.製備其他的式I所示之化合物
同樣地,按照實施例10A之步驟,但用相似化合物替代2,5-二酮基吡咯啶-1-基碳酸環戊酯,製得其他的式(I)所示之化合物:
式I所示之化合物之替代製法
A.製備式I所示之化合物(其中R1是1-異丁基吖丁啶-3-基,R2是甲基和R3是氫)
將異丁醛(0.03 mL,0.285 mmol)、三乙胺(0.05 mL,0.38 mmol)與三乙醯氧基硼氫化鈉(60 mg,0.285 mmol)加入N-(4-(7-(吖丁啶-3-基乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺三氟乙酸鹽(75 mg,0.190 mmol)與1,2-二氯乙烷/四氫呋喃(3 mL/0.5 mL)混合物中。在室溫下將該混合物攪拌16小時,然後加入1N氫氧化鈉水溶液讓反應混合物的反應驟停,用乙酸乙酯萃取該混合物。用硫酸鎂乾燥該萃取物,在減壓下讓溶劑蒸發。將二乙醚和該殘渣一起研磨並清洗,得到N-(4-(7-((1-異丁基吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺:C25H26N2O4S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 451.12 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):δ:8.50(s,1H);8.08(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H);7.72(s,1H);7.52-7.46(m,3H);7.21(d,J=8.4 Hz,2H),3.58-3.55(m,2H);3.49-3.46(m,1H);3.04-3.01(m,2H);2.96(s,3H);2.18(d,J=6.8 Hz,2H);1.52(m,1H);0.83(d,J=6.8 Hz,6H)。
式I所示之化合物之替代製法
A.製備式I所示之化合物(其中R1是3-甲氧基丙醯基)吖丁啶-3-基,R2是甲基和R3是氫)
將二異丙基乙胺(0.1 mL,0.41 mmol)加入N-(4-(7-(吖丁啶-3-基乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺三氟乙酸鹽(80 mg,0.16 mmol)、3-甲氧基丙酸(0.03 mL,0.24 mmol)、HATU(91 mg,0.24 mmol)與N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(1 mL)混合物中,在室溫下將該混合物攪拌16小時。用水與乙腈稀釋該反應混合物,過濾出所得固體,用乙腈與乙醚清洗,乾燥,得到N-(4-(7-((1-(3-甲氧基丙醯基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺:C25H24N2O6S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 481.00 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):δ:9.85(s,1H);8.53(s,1H);8.10(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H);7.79(s,1H);7.56-7.51(m,3H);7.27(d,J=8.4 Hz,2H),4.46(m,1H);4.21-4.16(m,2H);3.88-3.78(m,2H);3.52-3.49(m,2H);3.20(s,3H);3.01(s,3H);
2.30-3.27(m,2H)。
B.製備其他的式I所示之化合物
同樣地,按照實施例12A之步驟,但用3,3-二氟環丁基甲酸替代3-甲氧基丙酸,製得下列式(I)所示之化合物。
N-(4-(7-((1-(3,3-二氟環丁羰基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺:C26H22N2O5F2S之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 513.03 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):δ:9.85(s,1H);8.53(s,1H);8.10(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H);7.79(s,1H);7.56-7.51(m,3H);7.27(d,J=8.4 Hz,2H),4.48-4.43(m,1H);4.25-4.18(m,2H);3.94-3.79(m,2H);3.01(s,3H);2.98-2.95(m.1H);2.75-2.65(m,4H)。
同樣地,按照實施例12A之步驟,但用3-(二甲胺基)丙酸替代3-甲氧基丙酸,製得下列式(I)所示之化合物。
N-(4-(7-((1-(3-(二甲胺基)丙醯基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺:C26H27N3O5S.TFA之MS實測值為(M+H)+ 494.01 1H NMR(400MHz,dmso-d6):δ:9.86(s,1H);9.34(brs,8.54(s,1H);8.12(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H);7.77(s,1H);7.56-7.51(m,3H);7.25(d,J=8.4 Hz,2H),4.51-4.47(m,1H);4.27-4.22(m,2H);3.94-3.79(m,2H);3.28-3.23(m,2H);3.01(s,3H);2.76(s.6H);2.62-2.2.56(m,2H)。
同樣地,按照實施例12A之步驟,製得下列式(I)所示之化合物:N-(4-(7-((1-(2-羥基丙醯基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(1-甲基哌啶-4-羰基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(2,2-二氟環丙基-羰基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(環丁羰基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(1-甲基環丙羰基)-吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;1-(3-((3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)-苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-基)乙炔基)吖丁啶-1-羰基)-環丁基胺甲酸三級丁酯;1-(3-((3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-基)
乙炔基)吖丁啶-1-羰基)環丙基胺甲酸三級丁酯;(1-(3-((3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)-苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-基)乙炔基)吖丁啶-1-羰基)環丙基)-甲基胺甲酸三級丁酯;N-(4-(7-((1-(2-羥基乙醯基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(3-羥基-3-甲基環丁基-羰基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(2-羥基-2-甲基丙醯基)-吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;和N-(4-(7-((1-(3-甲基氧雜環丁烷基-3-羰基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺。
C.製備其他的式I所示之化合物
同樣地,按照實施例12A之步驟,但用其他羧酸替代3-甲氧基丙酸,製得其他的式(I)所示之化合物。
下列的配製例是用於說明,並不反映活性成分量或賦形劑量的全部範圍(混合該賦形劑可提供錠劑、膠囊、吸入器、或其他藥劑的特定表現)。
製備包含下列成分之硬明膠膠囊:
將前述成分混合並裝填於硬明膠膠囊中。
用下列成分製備藥錠調合物:
將前述組分摻合並壓製成錠劑。
製備包含下列組分之乾粉吸入器調合物:
將該活性成分與乳糖混合並將該混合物加入乾粉吸入器中。
按照下列製備錠劑(每一顆含有30 mg的活性成分):
讓該活性成分、澱粉與纖維素通過美國篩制20號篩網並完全混合。將聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液與所得粉劑混合,然後讓該混合物通過美國篩制16號篩網。在50℃至60℃下讓所製得粒劑乾燥,並通過美國篩制16號篩網。事先讓羧甲基澱粉鈉、硬脂酸鎂與滑石粉通過美國篩制30號篩網,然後加入該粒劑中混合,然後在製錠機上壓製成每一顆重120 mg的錠劑。
按照下列製備栓劑(每一顆含有25 mg的活性成分):
讓該活性成分通過美國篩制60號篩網,讓該活性成分懸浮於該飽和脂肪酸甘油酯(事先用需要的最小熱量融化)中。然後將該混合物倒進標稱2.0 g容量的栓劑模子內,冷卻。
按照下列製備懸浮液(每一5.0 mL劑中含有50 mg的活性成分):
將該活性成分、蔗糖與三仙膠摻合,讓摻合物通過美國篩制10號篩網,然後和事先製好的微晶型纖維素與羧甲基纖維素鈉之水溶液混合。取一些水將苯甲酸鈉、調味劑與色料稀釋,在攪拌下加入。然後加入足夠的水以達到需要的體積。
按照下列可製備皮下給藥:
製備具下列組成的注射製劑:
製備具下列組成的局部給藥製劑:
將前述成分(水除外)全部混合,在攪拌下加熱到60℃。然後在60℃及劇烈攪拌下加入足量的水讓前述成分乳化,然後加入適量的水至100 g。
緩釋組成物
按照下列製備本發明之緩釋調合物:將化合物與pH依賴性黏結劑及任何任意的賦形劑徹底混合(乾式摻合)。然後將強鹼水溶液噴灑進該經摻合的粉劑中讓該經乾式摻合的混合物成粒狀。將該粒劑乾燥,篩選,與任意的潤滑劑(例如滑石粉或硬脂酸鎂)混合,壓製成錠劑。合宜的強鹼水溶液是鹼金屬氫氧化物(例如氫氧化鈉或氫氧化鉀,
合宜地氫氧化鈉)之水溶液(任意包含至多25%的水溶性溶劑,例如低級醇)。
可用任意的成膜劑包覆該所得錠劑,該成膜劑係用於識別、遮蔽苦味及改善吞嚥感。該成膜劑典型地會以該錠劑重量的2%到4%範圍內的劑量存在。適當的成膜劑是此項技術中廣為人知的並且包括:羥基丙基甲基纖維素、陽離子型甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物(甲基丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯/甲基丙烯酸甲基丁酯共聚物-Eudragit® E-Röhm.Pharma)等。這些成膜劑可任意包含色料、塑化劑與其他補充成分。
該壓製的錠劑合宜具有足夠禁得起8 KP壓擠的硬度。該錠劑大小主要會取決於在該錠劑內的化合物劑量。該錠劑會包括從300到1100 mg的化合物游離鹼。合宜地,該錠劑會包括在從400到600 mg、從650到850 mg和從900到1100 mg範圍內劑量的化合物游離鹼。
控制該包含化合物粉劑之濕混合時間以便影響溶解速率。合宜地,粉劑混合總時間(即該粉劑接觸到氫氧化鈉溶液的時間)會是在從1到10分鐘,合宜地從2到5分鐘範圍內。在粒化後,從製粒機取出該粒劑,放置於流體床乾燥機中在大約60℃下乾燥。
ALDH2檢驗
將最終體積50 ul的標準ALDH2反應混合物(包含
150 uM甲醛、2.5 mM NAD+、10 mM MgCl2、10 nM重組人ALDH2、50 mM Hepes緩衝液(pH 7.4)、0.01% Tween 20)加入384孔盤中。讓化合物與ALDH2及甲醛預溫育60分鐘,然後加入NAD+讓反應開始,讓該反應進行90分鐘。用Perkin-Elmer Envision Reader(分別將激發波長與發射波長設定於340 nm與460 nm)監測NADH形成以測定酶的活性。
MAO-A與MAO-B檢驗
MAO檢驗包括:激活發光的MAO受質、反應緩衝液、Luciferin Detection、和帶酯酶之復原緩衝液。標準MAO反應混合物(最終體積30 ul)包括:含有MAO-A(2 ug)或MAO-B(10 ug)之微粒體、用於MAO-A之160 uM受質或用於MAO-B之16 uM受質、MAO-A緩衝液(100 mM Hepes緩衝液,pH 7.5,5%甘油)或MAO-B緩衝液(100 mM Hepes,pH 7.5,5%甘油,10%二甲亞碸)。讓化合物與酶預溫育20分鐘,然後加入酶受質讓反應開始,讓該反應進行60分鐘。然後將復原的Luciferin檢測試劑(30 ul)加入以終止該MAO反應,並同時將該甲酯衍生物轉變成螢光素而發光。發光量與該MAO活性成正比例。讓該混合物進一步溫育20分鐘,用Perkin-Elmer Envision Reader測定酶的活性。
註釋:IC50表示抑制50%反應的化合物之濃度。在競爭抑制之情形,按照下列關係,當該受質是以Km濃度存
在的時候,IC50=2Ki,Ki=IC50/[1+(受質濃度/Km)]。
幾種本發明化合物之代表性數據呈現於下列表1中。
降低古柯鹼依賴症及復發
在大鼠操作自身給藥及藥癮復發模型中,使用古柯鹼靜脈注射(0.35 mg/kg/次注射)。在此模型中,對古柯鹼成癮之大鼠重複地按下控制桿以得到靜脈注射(iv)劑量的古柯鹼。在除去古柯鹼的時候,大鼠停止按下該控制桿。然而,如果接受小的腹膜內(ip)劑量(10 mg/kg)的古柯鹼(通常對首次用作實驗的大鼠沒有效果),則大鼠為了古柯鹼而重新開始按下控制桿(藥癮復發)。這是一個對古柯鹼成癮之人復發的有效動物模型並且試驗式(I)所示之化合物阻斷古柯鹼渴望及復發之能力。
本實施例使用插有頸靜脈導管之雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠。在試驗/訓練室中提供二支控制桿讓大鼠選擇。按下有效的控制桿會遞送古柯鹼,而按下無效的控制桿不會遞送古柯鹼。在固定比率(FR)1訓練(FR1代表按下一次有效的控制桿等於一次的遞送)的最初15小時期間,用膠帶把食物丸和有效的控制桿黏牢以利於按下控制桿,並且每一次按下有效的控制桿會遞送一顆45 mg食物丸(Noyes,
Lancaster,NH)。在接下來的日子裡把食物丸轉換成按下FR1控制桿會遞送古柯鹼(0.35 mg/kg/次注射,遞送時間0.27秒)。按照經修飾FR1計劃來遞送古柯鹼,使得在每一次按下有效的控制桿期間有藥劑注射及刺激燈亮起,並在20秒時限內按下有效的控制桿只會計數但不會遞送古柯鹼。在20秒後該刺激燈熄滅且第一次的按下控制桿會再次遞送古柯鹼。按下無效的控制桿不具任何重要性。每日將每一群組的訓練持續2小時或直到大鼠得到200次藥劑注射為止,看哪一者先到。讓大鼠保持在自身給藥訓練模式直到符合採集標準為止(即在3個連續不斷的訓練日期間按下有效的控制桿的平均次數變動<10%)。這典型地花費10至14日。
藥癮的消退與復發
對藥癮的消退與復發實驗而言,吾人要求大鼠在FR1加藥計劃上表現出穩定的反應(在2個連續不斷的期間內變動不高於15%)。在達到此標準後,消退步驟開始使得按下控制桿不再會遞送古柯鹼。在整個3個連續不斷的消退期間的平均反應下降到在保持期間的反應的15%的時候,使大鼠進行復發試驗。在古柯鹼經驗豐富的大鼠之情形,在緊接著復發期間之前,以事先做好非附帶的古柯鹼注射(10 mg/kg ip)起動復發實驗。為了提高統計功效且因此減少大鼠的使用,在第一個消退期間之後的3至4日開始第二個消退期間(得以進行另外的受試者內比較)。實驗
使用一種在訓練與試驗期間之間的方法(between-session-traning and testing method)(訓練大鼠自身給藥)。然後大鼠的行為消失,然後在不同的日子起動復發試驗。
結果
式(I)所示之化合物之效果
吾人咸信式(I)所示之化合物讓古柯鹼依賴症與復發降低。例如,該實施例6A所示之化合物在2.5 mg/kg(2小時預治療)、5.0 mg/kg(2小時預治療)與10.0 mg/kg(1小時預治療)劑量下分別讓古柯鹼依賴症降低70%、60%與87%(由按下有效的控制桿的平均次數降低測得)。
圖1是一古柯鹼暗示替代研究設計之圖示。
圖2顯示大鼠口服本發明化合物比之溶媒明顯抑制古柯鹼暗示恢復。
Claims (11)
- 一種式I所示之化合物,或其藥學上可接受之鹽:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中R1是任意經取代之烷基,R2是任意經取代之烷基或任意經取代之環烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之化合物,其中R1是任意經鹵素、羥基、氰基取代之具1至6個碳原子之烷基、任意經取代之具1至6個碳原子之烷氧基、任意經取代之醯 基、任意經取代之胺基、任意經取代之羧基烷基、任意經取代之羧基環烷基、或任意經取代之烷氧羰基胺基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其係選自下列所成組群:N-(4-(7-(3-甲氧基丙-1-炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-(3-羥基-3-甲基丁-1-炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-(環丙基乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-(((1S,2R)-2-羥基環戊基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-羥基環戊基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-胺基環己基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-羥基環己基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(4-酮基-7-(嘧啶-5-基乙炔基)-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(4-酮基-7-(吡啶-2-基乙炔基)-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(4-酮基-7-(吡啶-3-基乙炔基)-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺; N-(4-(7-((1-甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1,2-二甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-甲基-1H-咪唑-4-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;和N-(4-(7-((1-甲基-1H-咪唑-4-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺。
- 一種化合物,其係選自下列所成組群:N-(4-(4-酮基-7-(苯基乙炔基)-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;4-((3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-基)乙炔基)哌啶-1-甲酸三級丁酯;N-(4-(4-酮基-7-(哌啶-4-基乙炔基)-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(環丙羰基)哌啶-4-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(4-酮基-7-((四氫-2H-哌喃-4-基)乙炔基)-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-(吖丁啶-3-基乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;3-((3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-基)乙炔基)吖丁啶-1-甲酸三級丁酯;N-(4-(7-((1-(環丙羰基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基- 4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-(吖丁啶-3-基乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;3-((3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-基)乙炔基)吖丁啶-1-甲酸環戊酯;N-(4-(7-((1-異丁基吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(3-甲氧基丙醯基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(3,3-二氟環丁羰基)-吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(3-(二甲胺基)丙醯基)-吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(2-羥基乙醯基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(3-羥基-3-甲基環丁基-羰基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(2-羥基-2-甲基丙醯基)-吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(3-甲基氧雜環丁烷基-3-羰基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(2-羥基丙醯基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(1-甲基哌啶-4-羰基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔 基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(2,2-二氟環丙基-羰基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(環丁羰基)吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;N-(4-(7-((1-(1-甲基環丙羰基)-吖丁啶-3-基)乙炔基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;1-(3-((3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)-苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-基)乙炔基)吖丁啶-1-羰基)-環丁基胺甲酸三級丁酯;N-(4-(4-酮基-7-((四氫-2H-哌喃-4-基)乙炔基)-4H-色烯-3-基)苯基)甲磺醯胺;1-(3-((3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-基)乙炔基)吖丁啶-1-羰基)環丙基胺甲酸三級丁酯;和(1-(3-((3-(4-(甲磺醯胺基)-苯基)-4-酮基-4H-色烯-7-基)乙炔基)吖丁啶-1-羰基)環丙基)-甲基胺甲酸三級丁酯。
- 一種下式所示之化合物:
- 一種下式所示之化合物:
- 一種下式所示之化合物:
- 一種下式所示之化合物:
- 一種藥學組成物,其包含治療有效量的如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物與一或多種的藥學上可接受之載體。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1至9項中任一項之化合物於製造用於治療化學藥物依賴症的藥劑之用途。
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- 2012-08-30 AU AU2012300209A patent/AU2012300209B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2012-08-30 KR KR1020147008253A patent/KR20140057634A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-08-30 BR BR112014004943A patent/BR112014004943A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-08-30 EA EA201490270A patent/EA201490270A1/ru unknown
- 2012-08-30 HK HK15100156.3A patent/HK1199729A1/zh unknown
- 2012-08-30 WO PCT/US2012/053110 patent/WO2013033377A1/en active Application Filing
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2014
- 2014-01-30 IL IL230746A patent/IL230746A0/en unknown
Also Published As
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MX2014002270A (es) | 2015-01-16 |
AR087700A1 (es) | 2014-04-09 |
HK1199729A1 (zh) | 2015-07-17 |
US20130231325A1 (en) | 2013-09-05 |
TWI468403B (zh) | 2015-01-11 |
CN103764640A (zh) | 2014-04-30 |
EA201490270A1 (ru) | 2014-10-30 |
JP2014525457A (ja) | 2014-09-29 |
AU2012300209B2 (en) | 2015-01-22 |
AU2012300209A1 (en) | 2013-04-04 |
EP2751090A1 (en) | 2014-07-09 |
IL230746A0 (en) | 2014-03-31 |
CA2845796A1 (en) | 2013-03-07 |
US8673966B2 (en) | 2014-03-18 |
BR112014004943A2 (pt) | 2017-03-21 |
KR20140057634A (ko) | 2014-05-13 |
WO2013033377A1 (en) | 2013-03-07 |
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