RU171157U1 - LABORATORY SPRINKLER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of laboratory equipment, which allows reproducing (simulating) rain of various intensities with different dropping speed under laboratory conditions, which, in turn, can be used to study soil samples in the process of studying erosion processes. The technical result achieved by using the inventive utility model is to ensure that the droplets disperse along the irrigated surface, uniform irrigation, as well as simulate rain on a limited surface. The problem is solved in that in a laboratory sprinkler installation containing a water spraying device connected to a water supply pump, a frame formed by uprights and upper, middle plates and a base rigidly fixed to them, an electric motor with a rotating shaft mounted on the upper plate and connected to a drive including a driving axis and an oscillating mechanism, the oscillating mechanism is made in the form of an eccentric kinematically connected with the working rod with a glass, while the eccentric secured n to a vertically located leading axis with the possibility of sliding along the inner surface of the glass of the working rod, the drive is equipped with a cardan joint, by means of which the working rod is connected to a spray device, which is a sprinkler cassette, made in the form of a chamber with an inlet for supplying water from the pump and an outlet opening air, in the lower part of which dosing capillaries are placed with an even pitch. 3 s.p. f-ly, 5 ill.

Description

Technical field

The inventive utility model relates to the field of laboratory equipment that allows you to reproduce (simulate) rain of various intensities with different rates of droplet drop in laboratory conditions, which, in turn, can be used in the study of soil samples in the study of ongoing erosion processes.

State of the art

The prior art various embodiments of sprinklers of a similar purpose.

For example, a portable laboratory field irrigation system is known, including a horizontal frame with a panel, a water tank, a filter, a supply and pressure conduits with a valve, a sprinkler consisting of sequentially fixed nipples, a thick flexible tube with clamps, a sleeve and a beam of thin tubes fixed in it flexible tubes, while the water tank is mounted above the frame on vertical racks with a hanging bracket, a float mechanism is installed between the pressure conduit and the nipple, and the drop-forming ends of the thin flexible tubes are sprinklers are mounted on a horizontal panel in a spiral of Archimedes with the same pitch (RF patent No. 2519789).

The known installation has a fairly simple drive design, provides an even distribution of droplets on the surface of the sample, although at the same time it has a rather complicated system of water supply to the droplet-forming tubes, it also does not provide for changes in the irrigation regimes due to the absence of pronounced centers of droplet formation. In addition, this installation is characterized by a manual unwinding mechanism, which seems extremely inconvenient in operation.

Also, a laboratory sprinkler installation is known, consisting of sections with a vibrating unit and pressure pipelines with nozzles equipped with flexible tubes and adapters (a. S. USSR No. 1648288).

The disadvantage of this device is the low uniformity of the distribution of rain over the irrigation area. Water flowing through nozzles to flexible tubes fills them unevenly. Those tubes that are filled first begin to suck out water from the nozzles, creating a vacuum in it that prevents the remaining tubes from filling, which in turn leads to a large uneven flow of water between them.

This installation, which has a laboratory characteristic, mainly has the characteristics inherent in an industrial machine, which is not always convenient when conducting an experiment in a laboratory.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed utility model is a laboratory sprinkler installation, including a frame with a conical perforated spraying drum mounted on it driven by an electric motor, while the drum with an electric motor is mounted on a platform pivotally mounted on one side and connected to the other oscillating mechanism, which is the eccentric mounted on the shaft (a. S. USSR No. 345905).

The main disadvantage of the known design is the lack of accuracy of droplets on the irrigated surface, the sectoral nature of irrigation. The centrifugal force created by the oscillating mechanism does not provide the same droplet size. Structurally, the installation is made in such a way that a sufficiently large volume of water does not fall on the irrigated surface, but flows down the frame, which leads to an increase in water consumption.

Utility Model Disclosure

The objective of the claimed utility model is the creation of a compact laboratory sprinkler that provides the ability to simulate rain on a limited surface.

The technical result achieved by using the inventive utility model is to ensure that the droplets disperse along the irrigated surface, uniform irrigation, as well as simulate rain on a limited surface. In addition, this sprinkler allows you to simulate the falling of raindrops at different speeds and the impact force of the drops on the soil.

The problem is solved in that in a laboratory sprinkler installation containing a water spraying device connected to a water supply pump, a frame formed by uprights and upper, middle plates and a base rigidly fixed to them, an electric motor with a rotating shaft mounted on the upper plate and connected to according to the technical solution, the oscillating mechanism is made in the form of an eccentric kinematically connected with the working rod with a glass ohm, while the eccentric is fixed to a vertically located driving axis with the possibility of sliding along the inner surface of the glass of the working rod, the drive is equipped with a cardan joint through which the working rod is connected to a spray device, which is a sprinkler cartridge made in the form of a chamber with an inlet for water supply from the pump and the air outlet, in the lower part of which metering capillaries are placed with an even pitch. The driving axis of the drive is connected to the motor shaft. The cardan joint is a tubular housing, inside of which an axial element is fixed, equipped with clamps, on which the working rod is mounted. The laboratory sprinkler can be equipped with a support stand to which the frame of the plant is movably fixed.

Description of drawings

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a section in the vertical plane of the inventive installation.

In FIG. 2 is a enlarged vertical section of the universal joint of the installation.

In FIG. 3 shows a horizontal section of the universal joint of the installation.

In FIG. 4, an enlarged view illustrates the connection of the drive axle with the carcass.

In FIG. 5 schematically shows the relative position of the sprinkler cassette, soil sample and irrigation zone (top view). The positions in the drawings indicate:

1. electric motor;

2. drive drive axis;

3. the upper plate of the frame;

4. the middle plate of the frame;

5. racks;

6. eccentric;

7. a glass;

8. base;

9. pin;

10. threaded fasteners;

11. spacer rods;

12. thrust bearing;

13. cardan joint;

14. holder;

15. sprinkler cassette;

16. capillaries;

17. working rod;

18. support stand;

19. tubular body;

20. axial element of the hinge,

21. retainers;

22. soil;

23. irrigated surface.

The inventive installation is a laboratory equipment designed for testing and research of prototypes of the soil when simulating rain of varying degrees of intensity. In particular, with the help of the inventive installation, it is possible to study the destructive effect of rain - the degree and nature of the spraying of soil particles at a certain intensity of rain, the rate of fall of drops.

The sprinkler installation comprises a frame, including vertically arranged metal racks 5 to which, respectively, the upper 3 metal plate and the base 8 of the frame are fixed. The middle plate through the spacer rods 11 is fixed to the upper plate 3 by means of a threaded fastener 10. The middle plate ensures that the thrust bearing 12 is held. The electric motor 1 is mounted on the upper plate 3, while the rotating shaft of the electric motor is oriented vertically downward and interacts through the hole made in the upper plate with drive axle 2. A coaxial hole is also made in the middle plate, through which the drive axle 2 passes, while the drive axle flange is located on the thrust bearing 12 located on the middle plate. The oscillation mechanism is an eccentric 6 kinematically connected with the working rod 17 with the glass 7. The eccentric is fixed to a vertically located driving axis with the possibility of sliding along the inner surface of the glass of the working rod equipped with a cardan joint 13. The cardan joint creates four "degrees of freedom" for the working rod, however, any deviation of one of the ends of the rod is reproduced by the other end. The universal joint of the inventive installation includes a tubular body 19, inside of which an axial element of the hinge 20 is fixed, equipped with latches 21. A working rod is mounted on the axial element with the possibility of movement, provided by the movement of the eccentric on the inner surface of the glass of the working rod. The latches 21 hold the working rod from lateral displacements.

The motor shaft enters the socket of the driving axis 2 of the drive, and the pin 9 connecting them enters the slot of the driving axis. The driving axis passes through the hole in the middle plate 4, resting on the thrust bearing 12 with a flange. The thrust bearing lies on the surface of the middle plate. An eccentric 6 is fixed at the end of the driving axis, which in turn is placed in the glass of the working rod with the possibility of sliding along its inner surface during rotation of the driving axis. The working rod is connected through the holder 14 to the sprinkler cartridge by means of a universal joint. Sprinkler cassette is a cylindrical chamber with walls made of plastic, for example, plexiglass to facilitate visual control of the fullness of the chamber. In the lower bottom of the chamber there are many capillaries 16 (while maintaining a distance of about 10 mm between adjacent capillaries), for example, thin medical needles can be used. Two holes are made in the cassette wall - for water inlet from the pump and air exhaust.

The installation is also equipped with a support stand 18, to which, for example, with clamps, the frame of the sprinkler is fixed. A counterweight can be attached to the base of the frame or stand. By moving the frame of the sprinkler along the support column, the required installation height relative to the irrigated surface is reached.

Utility Model Implementation

The frame is fixed on a support stand at a certain height from the studied soil sample, providing the required precipitation intensity. A pump is connected to the sprinkler cassette (not shown in FIG.), Which ensures filling the sprinkler cassette with water. An electric motor is started (it can be equipped with a reduction gear to regulate the engine speed), the rotating shaft of which, entering into interaction with the driving axis of the drive mechanism, ensures its rotation. When the drive axis rotates, the eccentric slides along the inner surface of the glass 7 of the working rod, causing it to deviate from the vertical position. The deflection angle is chosen empirically and adjusted by the size of the eccentric and the diameter of the glass. So, for laboratory use of the inventive installation, the deviation angle is chosen no more than 3 °. The contact point of the eccentric with the glass describes the circle. The articulated connection forces the working rod to deviate and move along a similar path, i.e. around the circumference. Thus, the sprinkler cartridge, rigidly connected to the working rod, also describes the circumference, thereby limiting the irrigated surface. Water entering the sprinkler cassette through an opening in the wall of the cassette penetrates through the capillaries, while drops form on the ends of the capillaries, which, having reached a certain size and weight (about 2.6 mm in diameter), come off and fall onto the soil sample 22. The intensity is adjustable water feed pump. Due to the circular movements of the sprinkler cassette that are structurally implemented through the use of a cardan joint on the working rod, uniform dispersion of droplets on the irrigated surface is achieved. Moreover, the area of the irrigated surface is limited in such a way that at any time it is all irrigated (Fig. 5, position 23). Moving the installation along the support column and fixing the installation frame at various altitude levels, various droplet velocity values are obtained. During the operation of the inventive laboratory installation, the results of falling onto the irrigated surface of the droplets at a given speed are investigated, which leads to different strengths of the droplet's impact on the soil and, accordingly, to different spraying patterns.

Example 1

As a laboratory sprinkler, a plant was manufactured for irrigating soil samples in an area of about 54-55 cm ² (the area of the circle described by the sprinkler cassette), due to the deflection of the working rod by an angle of 3 °. The installation is driven by an RD-09 electric motor with a power of 1 W, 8.7 rpm, and the water supply to the sprinkler chamber is arranged from a peristaltic pump from Zalimp, Poland and a control clamp that pinches the water supply hose to the cassette. In the bottom of the sprinkler chamber with a diameter of 140 mm, 100 capillaries, 0.6 × 30 mm in size, are evenly placed. Sprinkling was carried out for 30 minutes at various altitude levels (from 10 to 150 cm from the irrigated surface) and with varying degrees of intensity: 2, 4 and 6 mm of rain per minute. Accordingly, the water consumption in this case amounted to 20, 40 and 60 ml.

Claims (4)

1. Laboratory sprinkler installation containing a water spray device connected to a water supply pump, a frame formed by uprights and upper, middle plates and a base rigidly fixed to them, an electric motor with a shaft mounted on the upper plate and connected to a drive including a drive axle and oscillatory mechanism, characterized in that the oscillatory mechanism is made in the form of an eccentric kinematically connected with the working rod with a glass, while the eccentric is fixed to a vertically arranged of the leading axis with the possibility of sliding along the inner surface of the glass of the working rod, the drive is equipped with a cardan joint, through which the working rod is connected to a spray device, which is a sprinkler cassette made in the form of a chamber with an inlet for supplying water from the pump and an air outlet the lower part of which dispensing capillaries are placed with an even pitch. 2. Laboratory sprinkler installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the driving axis of the drive is connected to the motor shaft. 3. Laboratory sprinkler installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the universal joint is a tubular body, inside of which an axial element is fixed, equipped with clamps, on which the working rod is mounted. 4. Laboratory sprinkler installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a support stand, to which the frame is movably fixed.

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