JP2004321898A - Dope, method for producing the same, and coated product - Google Patents
Dope, method for producing the same, and coated product Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004321898A JP2004321898A JP2003118358A JP2003118358A JP2004321898A JP 2004321898 A JP2004321898 A JP 2004321898A JP 2003118358 A JP2003118358 A JP 2003118358A JP 2003118358 A JP2003118358 A JP 2003118358A JP 2004321898 A JP2004321898 A JP 2004321898A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- HCLJOFJIQIJXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C=C HCLJOFJIQIJXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVBLNCFGVYUYGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 VVBLNCFGVYUYGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003647 acryloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl carbamate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CCOC(N)=O UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 methacryloyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KCTAWXVAICEBSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyloxy prop-2-eneperoxoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OOOC(=O)C=C KCTAWXVAICEBSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FDZZZRQASAIRJF-UHFFFAOYSA-M malachite green Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C1C=CC(=[N+](C)C)C=C1 FDZZZRQASAIRJF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940107698 malachite green Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
- Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
- Degasification And Air Bubble Elimination (AREA)
Abstract
【課題】ドープの安定性を維持しつつ経済的に脱気するドープの製造方法を提供することを目的とする。さらには、ドープおよび塗布物を提供することを目的とする。
【解決手段】本発明のドープの製造方法は、ビニル系単量体とバインダーポリマーと光重合開始剤とを含有する混合物からドープを製造する方法であって、前記混合物を、吐出流循環時間Tcd[秒]が、1<Tcd<100を満たすように攪拌しつつ、減圧度25kPa以上、55kPa以下にまで減圧して脱気する脱気工程を有する。本発明のドープは、上述したドープの製造方法で得られたものである。本発明の塗布物は、上述したドープが支持体に塗布されたものである。
【選択図】 なしAn object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a dope that is economically deaerated while maintaining the stability of the dope. Still another object is to provide a dope and a coating.
The method for producing a dope according to the present invention is a method for producing a dope from a mixture containing a vinyl monomer, a binder polymer, and a photopolymerization initiator. There is a degassing step of degassing by depressurizing to a pressure reduction degree of 25 kPa or more and 55 kPa or less while stirring so that cd [sec] satisfies 1 <T cd <100. The dope of the present invention is obtained by the above-described method for producing a dope. The coating material of the present invention is obtained by coating the above-mentioned dope on a support.
[Selection diagram] None
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、塗布型感光剤レジスト材料などのドープの製造方法であって、ドープに含まれる気体や気泡を脱気する方法に関する。さらには、ドープ、このドープを用いた塗布物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
塗布型感光剤レジスト材料は、ビニル系単量体とバインダーポリマーと光重合開始剤とを含有する溶液(以下、この溶液をドープという)から構成される。この塗布型感光剤レジスト材料から感光層を形成する際には、支持体などに塗布した後、光を照射して重合する。
ところで、塗布型感光剤レジスト材料をなすドープには、気体が溶存、あるいは、気泡を含有することがあった。このように、ドープに気体が溶存、あるいは、気泡を含有していると、このドープから形成された感光層に不良が発生することがあった。例えば、塗布装置や塗布方法によっては、感光層に気泡が入り込んで外観を損なうことがあった。そのため、液体であるドープ中の気体及び気泡を塗布前に除去することが求められていた。
【0003】
液体中に溶存する空気を除去(脱気)するための方法は、これまでに多数提案されている。代表的な例としては、特許文献1に記載されているような、超音波を活用した脱気方法、特許文献2に記載されているような、多孔質性高分子膜チューブを利用する脱気方法などが挙げられる。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開平4−94704号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平6−254304号公報
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上述した脱気方法は、超音波発生装置や多孔質性高分子膜チューブなどの高価な装置を必要とするため、経済的に不利であった。また、上述した脱気方法では、重合反応を開始する組成物からなるドープを脱気することを想定しておらず、上述の方法でドープを脱気した場合には、感光層の形成前に重合することがあるため、ドープの安定性を維持することは困難であった。
本発明は、このような事情を鑑みてなされたものであり、ドープの安定性を維持しつつ経済的に脱気するドープの製造方法を提供することを目的とする。さらには、ドープおよび塗布物を提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明のドープの製造方法は、ビニル系単量体とバインダーポリマーと光重合開始剤とを含有する混合物からドープを製造する方法であって、
前記混合物を、吐出流循環時間Tcd[秒]が下記式(1)を満たすように攪拌しつつ、減圧度25kPa以上55kPa以下にまで減圧して脱気する脱気工程を有することを特徴とする。
1<Tcd<100 (1)
本発明のドープの製造方法においては、前記脱気工程にて、減圧したまま2時間以上4時間以下保持することが好ましい。
また、前記脱気工程後に、混合物を攪拌せずに30分以上静置する静置工程を有することが好ましい。
さらに、本発明のドープの製造方法においては、混合物を大気圧に復圧する復圧工程を有することが好ましい。
本発明のドープは、上述したドープの製造方法で製造されたことを特徴とする。
本発明のドープは、感光剤レジスト材料にとりわけ好適である。
本発明の塗布物は、上述したドープが支持体に塗布されたものであることを特徴とする。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明のドープの製造方法の一例について説明する。
このドープの製造方法では、まず、仕込み工程において、ビニル系単量体とバインダーポリマーと光重合開始剤とを、攪拌機を備えたタンク内に仕込んで混合物を得る。
次いで、脱気工程において、攪拌機によってタンク内の混合物を、吐出流循環時間Tcd[秒]が下記式(1)、好ましくは式(2)を満たすように攪拌しつつ、タンク内を減圧度25kPa以上55kPa以下、好ましくは25kPa以上40kPa以下にまで減圧する。そして、しばらくの間、タンク内の減圧を保持して混合物を脱気してドープを得る。
【0008】
1<Tcd<100 (1)
5<Tcd<50 (2)
【0009】
この製造方法では、この吐出流循環時間Tcdが100[秒]より大きいと、攪拌によるタンク内循環時間が長くなりすぎるため、十分に脱気ができない。一方、吐出流循環時間Tcdが1[秒]より小さいと、ドープ中の気泡が液面から消失しないままタンク内部を循環することになるため、かえって脱気しにくくなる。
【0010】
また、この製造方法では、脱気工程にて、減圧度25kPa以上55kPa以下で脱気するので、ドープ中の酸素濃度が時間の経過と共に平衡状態に達し、溶存酸素濃度を適度な量で一定の値にできる。ここで、酸素は重合禁止剤の作用を発揮するため、ドープ中の酸素はドープの不要な重合を防止する。したがって、ドープの安定性を維持できる。
なお、減圧度が25kPa未満であると、ドープ中の溶存酸素濃度が低くなりすぎて、ドープの重合を抑制しにくくなる。その結果、所定の重合の前にドープが重合し、増粘する。したがって、脱気後のドープの安定性が著しく悪化する。一方、減圧度が55kPaを超えると、脱気が不十分になる。
【0011】
ここで、吐出流循環時間Tcdとは、吐出流量qd基準の循環時間のことであり、下記式(3)で表される値のことである(参考文献:佐竹化学機械工業(株)編,攪拌技術,p.105,1992年)。この吐出流循環時間Tcdは、タンク内部対流循環の強さの目安であり、装置・攪拌速度が異なってもTcdが等しければ、同様の攪拌効果を得ることができる。
【0012】
【数1】
【0013】
式(3)中、D:容器内径[m],Z:容器高さ[m],n:攪拌速度[rps]のことである。
また、式(3)中の吐出流量係数Nqdは、下記式(4)のように定義される。式(4)中、qd:吐出流量[m3/s]のことである。
【0014】
【数2】
【0015】
この吐出流量係数Nqdは、攪拌機固有の定数で、液循環特性を表す値である。例えば、傾斜角45度の8枚傾斜羽根ファンタービン翼で、攪拌翼径と容器内径との比が0.5、攪拌翼幅と容器内径との比が0.1の場合には、乱流範囲でのNqdの実測値は0.31である(化学工学II第2版,藤田重文,東畑平一郎編,p.416,東京化学同人(1972))。
【0016】
このドープの製造方法においては、タンク内を減圧したまま2時間以上4時間以下保持することが好ましい。4時間を超えて減圧を保持すると、液表面からの有機溶媒揮発量が増えるので、最終的な固形分濃度が所定の値と異なってしまう場合がある。その上、減圧を保持する時間が長くなると、生産性が低下する。一方、2時間未満の減圧保持では、脱気が不十分になる場合がある。
【0017】
また、このドープの製造方法においては、脱気工程後に、混合物を攪拌しないで30分以上静置する静置工程を有することが好ましい。脱気工程後に静置工程を有していれば、攪拌停止直後のタンク内に気泡が混在していても、静置工程の間に泡消しできる。静置時間が30分未満であると、十分に泡消しできないことがある。
【0018】
さらに、ドープの製造方法においては、混合物を大気圧に復圧する復圧工程を有することが好ましい。減圧下では液体に微細気泡が発生するが、大気圧に復圧することで、微細気泡の発生を抑制できる。
【0019】
上述したドープの製造方法により得られたドープは、ビニル系単量体とバインダーポリマーと光重合開始剤とを含有する粘調液体である。
ドープ中には希釈のため適当量の有機溶媒が含まれても良い。ここで、有機溶媒としては、例えば、イソプロピルアルコール、メタノール、アセトン、エチルメチルケトン等のアルコール類、ケトン類などが挙げられる。
ビニル系単量体としては、例えば、メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸エチルなどのメタクリル酸エステル類、アクリル酸メチル、アクリル酸エチルなどのアクリル酸エステル類、アクリロイル基あるいはメタクリロイル基を有するトリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート、テトラエチレングリコールジアクリレート、エポキシアクリレート、ウレタンアクリレート、スチレンなどのモノマーなどが挙げられる。特に好ましいものとしては、バインダーポリマーの架橋剤としての機能も果たすアクリロイル基、あるいはメタクリロイル基を有するトリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート、テトラエチレングリコールジアクリレート、エポキシアクリレート、ウレタンアクリレートなどが挙げられる。
光重合開始剤としては、例えば、ベンゾフェノン、ミヒラーケトンなどが挙げられる。
【0020】
さらに、ドープには、必要に応じて、ハイドロキノンなどの重合禁止剤、マラカイトグリーンなどの染料、可塑剤、充填剤、ロフインなどの密着促進剤などが含まれていてもよい。
【0021】
このようなドープの用途としては特に制限はないが、気泡の発生が少ないことが特に求められる感光剤レジスト材料にとりわけ適している。
【0022】
以上説明したドープの製造方法では、ビニル系単量体とバインダーポリマーと光重合開始剤とを含有する混合物を、1<Tcd<100を満たすように攪拌しつつ、減圧度25kPa以上55kPa以下にまで減圧して脱気するため、攪拌機を備えたタンクおよび真空装置などの安価な装置を使用し、高価な装置を必要としない。また、溶存酸素濃度を低くしすぎないので、ドープの重合を抑制でき、安定性を維持できる。したがって、安定性を維持しつつ経済的に脱気できる。
【0023】
次に、本発明の塗布物の一例について説明する。
この塗布物は、上述したドープを支持体に塗布し、ドープ中の有機溶媒を乾燥除去することで得られたものである。この塗布物は、上述したドープから形成されているから、気泡の混入が少なく、塗膜外観に優れている。
この塗布物において、支持体としては、ドープを塗布できるものであれば制限されないが、例えば、PETフィルムなどが挙げられる。
【0024】
【実施例】
次に、本発明を実施例に基づいて具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれによって限定されるものではない。
【0025】
(実施例1)
直径250mm、幅40mm、傾斜角45度の4枚ファンタービン翼から構成される攪拌翼を備えた内径400mmのタンクに、液面がタンク高さ400mmの位置になるように、表1に示す成分を仕込んだ。このときの混合物の粘度は約3Pa・s(25℃)であった。次いで、脱気工程において、攪拌速度158rpmで攪拌しつつ、タンク内を減圧度33.3kPaで2時間減圧した。
【0026】
【表1】
【0027】
脱気工程における吐出流循環時間Tcd[秒]は、次のようにして求められる。まず、このタンクの吐出流量係数Nqdを、乱流域での8枚傾斜羽根ファンタービンの吐出流量係数Nqdの文献値0.31(d/D=0.5,b/D=0.1)と、式(5)とから計算して求める(化学工学II第2版,藤田重文,東畑平一郎編,p.416,東京化学同人(1972))。なお、式(5)は、類似構造の翼に対して成立する。また、式(5)において、np:羽根枚数[−]、b:攪拌翼幅[m]、d:攪拌翼径[m]、D:容器内径[m]のことである。
【0028】
【数3】
【0029】
式(5)に各数値を代入し、式(6)のように計算した結果、このタンクの吐出流量係数Nqdは0.11であった。
そして、この吐出流量係数Nqdに基づき、式(7)に示すように計算して、吐出流循環時間Tcdを求めた。吐出流循環時間Tcdは11.1秒であり、本発明の範囲内であった。
【0030】
【数4】
【0031】
次いで、静置工程において、攪拌せずに、減圧にしたまま30分間静置し、続いて、復圧工程において、ゆっくりと大気圧に戻した。
そして、タンク底からドープを抜き出し、このドープ中の溶存酸素濃度を溶存酸素計(セントラル科学(株)有機溶媒用DOメーター、UC−12−SOL型)で測定した。その結果、2.8mg/Lであった。また、粘度は3.20Pa・s(25℃)であった。
1日経過後、ドープの粘度を再び測定したところ、3.23Pa・s(25℃)であり、増粘していなかった。
また、40℃に保温した上記ドープ14.4gを、厚さ50μm、50cm×50cmのPETフィルムに素早く塗布し、その後、1m×1m×1mの箱型乾燥炉内で熱風温度100℃、1分間乾燥して塗布物を製造した。得られた塗布物は発泡していなかった。
【0032】
(実施例2)
実施例1で使用したタンクに、液面がタンク高さ400mmの位置になるように、表2に示す成分を仕込んだ。次いで、脱気工程において、攪拌速度60rpmで攪拌しつつ、タンク内を減圧度33.3kPaで4時間減圧した。このときの吐出流循環時間Tcdを式(8)に示すようにして求めたところ、吐出流循環時間Tcdは29.2秒であり、本発明の範囲内であった。
次いで、静置工程において、攪拌せずに、圧力を減圧に維持したまま30分間静置し、続いて、復圧工程において、ゆっくりと大気圧に戻した。
そして、タンク底からドープを抜き出し、このドープ中の溶存酸素濃度を溶存酸素計で測定したところ、3.2mg/Lであった。また、このドープを実施例1と同様にしてPETフィルムに塗布したところ、気泡のない塗布物が得られた。
【0033】
【表2】
【0034】
【数5】
【0035】
(実施例3)
実施例1で使用したタンクに、液面がタンク高さ400mmの位置になるように表2に示す成分を仕込んだ。次いで、脱気工程において、攪拌速度25rpmで攪拌しつつタンク内を減圧度33.3kPaで5時間減圧した。この時Tcdは70.2秒であり、本発明の範囲内であった。次いで、実施例1と同様に攪拌せずに圧力を減圧に維持したまま30分間静置し、続いて復圧工程においてゆっくりと大気圧に戻した。タンク底からドープを抜き出し、このドープ中の溶存酸素濃度を溶存酸素計で測定したところ3.3mg/Lであった。また、このドープを実施例1と同様にしてPETフィルムに塗布したところ、気泡の無い塗布物が得られた。
【0036】
(比較例1)
脱気工程において攪拌せずに減圧度33.3kPaで2時間減圧したこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてドープを得た。このドープ中の溶存酸素濃度は4.5mg/Lであり、実施例2よりも高い値であった。また、このドープを実施例1と同じ方法で塗布して乾燥したところ、塗布物に7個/m2 の泡が発生した。
【0037】
(比較例2)
6時間減圧したこと以外は比較例1と同様にしてドープを得た。このドープを実施例1と同じ方法で塗布して乾燥したところ、塗布物に泡は発生しなかったが、実施例1と比較すると3倍の時間を要した。
【0038】
(比較例3)
攪拌速度15rpmにしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてドープを得た。このときの吐出流循環時間Tcdを式(9)に示すようにして求めたところ、吐出流循環時間Tcdは117.0秒であり、本発明の範囲外であった。また、ドープ中の溶存酸素濃度は4.2mg/Lであった。
このドープを実施例1と同じ方法で塗布して乾燥したところ、塗布物に7個/m2 の泡が発生した。
【0039】
【数6】
【0040】
(比較例4)
減圧度を20kPaにしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてドープを得た。大気圧に復圧してから1日経過後のドープの粘度は4.5Pa・s(25℃)であった。
【0041】
(比較例5)
減圧度を66.6kPaにしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてドープを得た。このドープ中の溶存酸素濃度は4.3mg/Lであった。このドープを実施例1と同じ方法で塗布して乾燥したところ、塗布物に10個/m2 の泡が発生した。
【0042】
実施例1,2,3では、吐出流循環時間Tcdが式(1)を満たすように攪拌しつつ、減圧度25kPa以上55kPa以下にまで減圧して脱気しており、ドープは適度に脱気されていたので、乾燥後塗膜に発泡が見られず、著しい粘度の上昇もなかった。
一方、比較例1は、攪拌せずに脱気したのでドープ中の溶存ガスを十分に脱気できなかった。
比較例2では、塗布物に泡は発生しなかったが、実施例1に比べて3倍もの時間を要し、生産性が低かった。
比較例3では、吐出流循環時間Tcdが大きく、式(1)を満たしていなかったため、攪拌効率が低く、脱気が不十分であった。
比較例4では、減圧度が低すぎたために、ドープ中の溶存酸素濃度が低く、ドープが重合して増粘した。
比較例5では、比較例4とは逆に減圧が不十分だったため、ドープ中の溶存ガスをドープから十分に除去できなかった。したがって、塗布物の外観が不良であった。
【0043】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、安価な装置を使用し、高価な装置を必要としない。また、ドープの重合を抑制できるので、ドープの安定性を維持できる。したがって、安定性を維持しつつ経済的に脱気できる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a dope such as a coating-type photosensitive agent resist material, and more particularly to a method for degassing gas or bubbles contained in the dope. Further, the present invention relates to a dope and a coating material using the dope.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The coating-type photosensitive agent resist material is composed of a solution containing a vinyl monomer, a binder polymer, and a photopolymerization initiator (hereinafter, this solution is referred to as a dope). When a photosensitive layer is formed from this coating type photosensitive agent resist material, it is applied to a support or the like and then irradiated with light for polymerization.
By the way, in the dope constituting the coating type photosensitive agent resist material, a gas is sometimes dissolved or contains bubbles. As described above, when the gas is dissolved in the dope or contains bubbles, a defect may occur in the photosensitive layer formed from the dope. For example, depending on the coating device and the coating method, air bubbles may enter the photosensitive layer to impair the appearance. Therefore, it has been required to remove gas and bubbles in the liquid dope before coating.
[0003]
Many methods have been proposed for removing (degassing) air dissolved in a liquid. Representative examples include a degassing method using ultrasonic waves as described in Patent Document 1 and a degassing method using a porous polymer membrane tube as described in Patent Document 2. And the like.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-4-94704 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-6-254304
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above-described degassing method is economically disadvantageous because it requires an expensive device such as an ultrasonic generator or a porous polymer membrane tube. Further, the above-described degassing method does not assume that the dope composed of the composition that initiates the polymerization reaction is degassed, and when the dope is degassed by the above-described method, before the formation of the photosensitive layer, It was difficult to maintain the stability of the dope due to polymerization.
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a dope that is economically deaerated while maintaining the stability of the dope. Still another object is to provide a dope and a coating.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The method for producing a dope of the present invention is a method for producing a dope from a mixture containing a vinyl monomer, a binder polymer and a photopolymerization initiator,
A degassing step of degassing the mixture by reducing the pressure to a pressure reduction degree of 25 kPa or more and 55 kPa or less while stirring the mixture so that the discharge flow circulation time T cd [seconds] satisfies the following formula (1). I do.
1 <T cd <100 (1)
In the method for producing a dope of the present invention, it is preferable that the deaeration step is performed for 2 hours or more and 4 hours or less while keeping the pressure reduced.
Preferably, after the degassing step, the method further includes a standing step of allowing the mixture to stand for 30 minutes or more without stirring.
Further, in the method for producing a dope of the present invention, it is preferable to include a pressure recovery step of reducing the pressure of the mixture to atmospheric pressure.
A dope of the present invention is characterized by being manufactured by the above-described dope manufacturing method.
The dope of the present invention is particularly suitable for a photosensitive resist material.
The coating material of the present invention is characterized in that the above-mentioned dope is applied to a support.
[0007]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An example of the method for producing the dope of the present invention will be described.
In this method for producing a dope, first, in a charging step, a vinyl monomer, a binder polymer, and a photopolymerization initiator are charged in a tank provided with a stirrer to obtain a mixture.
Next, in the deaeration step, the mixture in the tank is stirred by a stirrer such that the discharge flow circulation time T cd [seconds] satisfies the following formula (1), preferably formula (2), and the pressure in the tank is reduced. The pressure is reduced to 25 kPa or more and 55 kPa or less, preferably 25 kPa or more and 40 kPa or less. Then, the mixture is degassed for a while while maintaining the reduced pressure in the tank to obtain a dope.
[0008]
1 <T cd <100 (1)
5 <T cd <50 (2)
[0009]
In this manufacturing method, if the discharge flow circulation time T cd is longer than 100 [seconds], the circulation time in the tank due to the stirring becomes too long, so that sufficient degassing cannot be performed. On the other hand, if the discharge flow circulation time T cd is smaller than 1 [second], the bubbles in the dope circulate inside the tank without disappearing from the liquid level, so that it is rather difficult to degas.
[0010]
Further, in this manufacturing method, in the deaeration step, deaeration is performed at a pressure reduction degree of 25 kPa or more and 55 kPa or less, so that the oxygen concentration in the dope reaches an equilibrium state with the lapse of time, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is kept at an appropriate amount and constant. Can be value. Here, oxygen acts as a polymerization inhibitor, so that oxygen in the dope prevents unnecessary polymerization of the dope. Therefore, the stability of the dope can be maintained.
If the degree of pressure reduction is less than 25 kPa, the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the dope becomes too low, and it becomes difficult to suppress the polymerization of the dope. As a result, the dope polymerizes before the predetermined polymerization, and the viscosity increases. Therefore, the stability of the dope after degassing is significantly deteriorated. On the other hand, when the degree of pressure reduction exceeds 55 kPa, degassing becomes insufficient.
[0011]
Here, the discharge flow circulation time T cd, and that the circulation time of the discharge flow rate q d criteria is that the value represented by the following formula (3) (reference: Satake Chemical Machinery Industry Co. Ed., Stirring Technology, p. 105, 1992). The discharge flow circulation time T cd is a measure of the strength of the convection circulation inside the tank, and the same stirring effect can be obtained as long as the T cd is equal even if the apparatus and the stirring speed are different.
[0012]
(Equation 1)
[0013]
In the equation (3), D: container inner diameter [m], Z: container height [m], n: stirring speed [rps].
The discharge flow rate coefficient N qd in the equation (3) is defined as in the following equation (4). In the equation (4), q d : a discharge flow rate [m 3 / s].
[0014]
(Equation 2)
[0015]
The discharge flow rate coefficient N qd is a constant that is unique to the stirrer and is a value representing the liquid circulation characteristics. For example, in the case of an eight-bladed fan turbine blade with an inclination angle of 45 degrees, when the ratio between the stirring blade diameter and the container inner diameter is 0.5 and the ratio between the stirring blade width and the container inner diameter is 0.1, turbulent flow The measured value of Nqd in the range is 0.31 (Chemical Engineering II, 2nd edition, Shigefumi Fujita, edited by Heiichiro Higashihata, p. 416, Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1972)).
[0016]
In this method for producing a dope, it is preferable to keep the pressure in the tank for 2 hours or more and 4 hours or less. If the reduced pressure is maintained for more than 4 hours, the amount of the organic solvent volatilized from the liquid surface increases, so that the final solid content concentration may be different from a predetermined value. In addition, the longer the time for maintaining the reduced pressure, the lower the productivity. On the other hand, holding under reduced pressure for less than 2 hours may result in insufficient degassing.
[0017]
In addition, in the method for producing a dope, it is preferable to include a standing step of allowing the mixture to stand for 30 minutes or more without stirring after the deaeration step. If there is a standing step after the degassing step, even if bubbles are present in the tank immediately after the stirring is stopped, the bubbles can be eliminated during the standing step. If the standing time is less than 30 minutes, the foam may not be sufficiently removed.
[0018]
Further, it is preferable that the method for producing a dope includes a pressure recovery step of reducing the pressure of the mixture to atmospheric pressure. Although fine bubbles are generated in the liquid under reduced pressure, the generation of fine bubbles can be suppressed by returning to the atmospheric pressure.
[0019]
The dope obtained by the above-described method for producing a dope is a viscous liquid containing a vinyl monomer, a binder polymer, and a photopolymerization initiator.
The dope may contain an appropriate amount of an organic solvent for dilution. Here, examples of the organic solvent include alcohols such as isopropyl alcohol, methanol, acetone, and ethyl methyl ketone, and ketones.
Examples of vinyl monomers include, for example, methacrylates such as methyl methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate, acrylates such as methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate, and trimethylolpropane triacrylate having an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group. And monomers such as tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, epoxy acrylate, urethane acrylate, and styrene. Particularly preferred are trimethylolpropane triacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, epoxy acrylate and urethane acrylate having an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group which also functions as a crosslinking agent for the binder polymer.
Examples of the photopolymerization initiator include benzophenone and Michler's ketone.
[0020]
Further, the dope may contain, if necessary, a polymerization inhibitor such as hydroquinone, a dye such as malachite green, a plasticizer, a filler, and an adhesion promoter such as lofin.
[0021]
The use of such a dope is not particularly limited, but it is particularly suitable for a photosensitive resist material that requires particularly low generation of bubbles.
[0022]
In the method for producing a dope described above, the mixture containing the vinyl-based monomer, the binder polymer, and the photopolymerization initiator is stirred at a pressure of 25 kPa or more and 55 kPa or less while stirring so as to satisfy 1 <T cd <100. Since degassing is performed under reduced pressure, an inexpensive device such as a tank equipped with a stirrer and a vacuum device is used, and an expensive device is not required. Further, since the dissolved oxygen concentration is not too low, the polymerization of the dope can be suppressed, and the stability can be maintained. Therefore, degassing can be performed economically while maintaining stability.
[0023]
Next, an example of the coating material of the present invention will be described.
This coated product is obtained by applying the above-mentioned dope to a support and drying and removing the organic solvent in the dope. Since this coating material is formed from the above-mentioned dope, the air bubbles are less mixed and the coating film appearance is excellent.
In this coated material, the support is not limited as long as the dope can be coated, and examples thereof include a PET film.
[0024]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be specifically described based on examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0025]
(Example 1)
Components shown in Table 1 were placed in a tank having a diameter of 250 mm, a width of 40 mm, and a stirrer composed of four fan turbine blades having an inclination angle of 45 degrees and having an inner diameter of 400 mm so that the liquid level was at a tank height of 400 mm. Was charged. At this time, the viscosity of the mixture was about 3 Pa · s (25 ° C.). Next, in the deaeration step, the pressure in the tank was reduced at 33.3 kPa for 2 hours while stirring at a stirring speed of 158 rpm.
[0026]
[Table 1]
[0027]
The discharge flow circulation time T cd [sec] in the deaeration step is obtained as follows. First, the discharge flow coefficient Nqd of this tank is calculated as the literature value 0.31 (d / D = 0.5, b / D = 0.1) of the discharge flow coefficient Nqd of the eight-bladed blade fan turbine in the turbulent flow region. ) And Equation (5) (Chemical Engineering II, 2nd edition, Shigefumi Fujita, edited by Heiichiro Higashihata, p.416, Tokyo Kagaku Doujin (1972)). Equation (5) holds for a wing having a similar structure. Further, in the formula (5), n p : number of blades [-], b: stirring blade width [m], d: stirring blade diameter [m], and D: container inner diameter [m].
[0028]
[Equation 3]
[0029]
As a result of substituting each numerical value into Expression (5) and calculating as in Expression (6), the discharge flow coefficient Nqd of this tank was 0.11.
Then, based on the discharge flow rate coefficient Nqd , calculation was performed as shown in Expression (7) to obtain the discharge flow circulation time Tcd . The discharge flow circulation time T cd was 11.1 seconds, which was within the scope of the present invention.
[0030]
(Equation 4)
[0031]
Next, in the stationary step, the mixture was left standing for 30 minutes while being kept under reduced pressure without stirring, and then, in the pressure recovery step, the pressure was slowly returned to the atmospheric pressure.
Then, the dope was withdrawn from the tank bottom, and the dissolved oxygen concentration in the dope was measured with a dissolved oxygen meter (Central Kagaku Co., Ltd. organic solvent DO meter, UC-12-SOL type). As a result, it was 2.8 mg / L. The viscosity was 3.20 Pa · s (25 ° C.).
After one day, the viscosity of the dope was measured again, and it was 3.23 Pa · s (25 ° C.), and the dope did not increase in viscosity.
In addition, 14.4 g of the above dope kept at 40 ° C. was quickly applied to a 50 μm-thick, 50 cm × 50 cm PET film, and then heated in a 1 m × 1 m × 1 m box-type drying furnace at a hot air temperature of 100 ° C. for 1 minute. It was dried to produce a coating. The resulting coating was not foamed.
[0032]
(Example 2)
The components shown in Table 2 were charged into the tank used in Example 1 so that the liquid level was at a position at a tank height of 400 mm. Next, in the deaeration step, the pressure in the tank was reduced at 33.3 kPa for 4 hours while stirring at a stirring speed of 60 rpm. When the discharge flow circulation time T cd at this time was determined as shown in Expression (8), the discharge flow circulation time T cd was 29.2 seconds, which was within the range of the present invention.
Next, in the standing step, the mixture was left standing for 30 minutes without stirring, while maintaining the pressure at a reduced pressure, and then slowly returned to the atmospheric pressure in the pressure recovery step.
Then, the dope was withdrawn from the tank bottom, and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the dope was measured with a dissolved oxygen meter, and was 3.2 mg / L. Further, when this dope was applied to a PET film in the same manner as in Example 1, a coating product without bubbles was obtained.
[0033]
[Table 2]
[0034]
(Equation 5)
[0035]
(Example 3)
The components shown in Table 2 were charged into the tank used in Example 1 so that the liquid level was at a position at a tank height of 400 mm. Next, in the deaeration step, the pressure in the tank was reduced at 33.3 kPa for 5 hours while stirring at a stirring speed of 25 rpm. At this time, T cd was 70.2 seconds, which was within the scope of the present invention. Next, the mixture was allowed to stand still for 30 minutes while maintaining the pressure at a reduced pressure without stirring as in Example 1, and then slowly returned to the atmospheric pressure in the pressure recovery step. The dope was withdrawn from the tank bottom, and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the dope was measured with a dissolved oxygen meter, and was found to be 3.3 mg / L. Further, when this dope was applied to a PET film in the same manner as in Example 1, a coating product having no air bubbles was obtained.
[0036]
(Comparative Example 1)
A dope was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the pressure was reduced at a reduced pressure of 33.3 kPa for 2 hours without stirring in the deaeration step. The dissolved oxygen concentration in this dope was 4.5 mg / L, which was higher than that in Example 2. When this dope was applied in the same manner as in Example 1 and dried, the applied material was 7 / m 2. Bubbles were generated.
[0037]
(Comparative Example 2)
A dope was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the pressure was reduced for 6 hours. When this dope was applied and dried in the same manner as in Example 1, no bubbles were generated in the applied material, but it took three times as long as in Example 1.
[0038]
(Comparative Example 3)
A dope was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the stirring speed was changed to 15 rpm. When the discharge flow circulation time T cd at this time was obtained as shown in Expression (9), the discharge flow circulation time T cd was 117.0 seconds, which was out of the range of the present invention. The dissolved oxygen concentration in the dope was 4.2 mg / L.
The dope was applied and dried in the same manner as in Example 1, seven in the coating material / m 2 Bubbles were generated.
[0039]
(Equation 6)
[0040]
(Comparative Example 4)
A dope was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the degree of reduced pressure was set to 20 kPa. One day after the pressure was restored to the atmospheric pressure, the viscosity of the dope was 4.5 Pa · s (25 ° C.).
[0041]
(Comparative Example 5)
A dope was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the degree of reduced pressure was 66.6 kPa. The dissolved oxygen concentration in this dope was 4.3 mg / L. The dope was applied and dried in the same manner as in Example 1, 10 in the coating material / m 2 Bubbles were generated.
[0042]
In Examples 1, 2, and 3, degassing was performed by reducing the pressure to a pressure reduction degree of 25 kPa or more and 55 kPa or less while stirring so that the discharge flow circulation time T cd satisfied Expression (1). After drying, no foaming was observed in the coating film after drying, and there was no significant increase in viscosity.
On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, since the degassing was performed without stirring, the dissolved gas in the dope could not be sufficiently degassed.
In Comparative Example 2, no foam was generated in the applied material, but it took three times as long as in Example 1 and the productivity was low.
In Comparative Example 3, since the discharge flow circulation time T cd was long and did not satisfy the expression (1), the stirring efficiency was low and the deaeration was insufficient.
In Comparative Example 4, since the degree of reduced pressure was too low, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the dope was low, and the dope was polymerized and thickened.
In Comparative Example 5, contrary to Comparative Example 4, the pressure reduction was insufficient, so that the dissolved gas in the dope could not be sufficiently removed from the dope. Therefore, the appearance of the coated product was poor.
[0043]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, an inexpensive device is used, and an expensive device is not required. In addition, since the polymerization of the dope can be suppressed, the stability of the dope can be maintained. Therefore, degassing can be performed economically while maintaining stability.
Claims (7)
前記混合物を、吐出流循環時間Tcd[秒]が下記式(1)を満たすように攪拌しつつ、減圧度25kPa以上55kPa以下にまで減圧して脱気する脱気工程を有することを特徴とするドープの製造方法。
1<Tcd<100 (1)A method for producing a dope from a mixture containing a vinyl monomer, a binder polymer, and a photopolymerization initiator,
A degassing step of degassing the mixture by reducing the pressure to a pressure reduction degree of 25 kPa or more and 55 kPa or less while stirring the mixture so that the discharge flow circulation time T cd [seconds] satisfies the following formula (1). Dope manufacturing method.
1 <T cd <100 (1)
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| EP1767995A3 (en) * | 2005-09-26 | 2007-04-04 | FUJIFILM Corporation | Method of producing photosensitive planographic printing plate precursor |
| WO2008025508A1 (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-03-06 | Stichting Dutch Polymer Institute | Process for preparing a polymeric relief structure |
| US8083340B2 (en) | 2006-03-20 | 2011-12-27 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Container and method for storing light-curable ink |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH047321A (en) * | 1990-04-24 | 1992-01-10 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | Curable resin and photocurable resin composition |
| JPH06122702A (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1994-05-06 | Nissei Kagaku Kogyosho:Kk | Production of acrylic resin cast |
| JPH06322010A (en) * | 1993-05-10 | 1994-11-22 | Dia Furotsuku Kk | Production of amphoteric water-soluble high-molecular compound |
| JPH10282683A (en) * | 1997-04-04 | 1998-10-23 | Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co Ltd | Photosensitive base material composition for lift-off and paste pattern forming method using same |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1767995A3 (en) * | 2005-09-26 | 2007-04-04 | FUJIFILM Corporation | Method of producing photosensitive planographic printing plate precursor |
| JP2007086691A (en) * | 2005-09-26 | 2007-04-05 | Fujifilm Corp | Method for producing photosensitive lithographic printing plate |
| US8083340B2 (en) | 2006-03-20 | 2011-12-27 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Container and method for storing light-curable ink |
| WO2008025508A1 (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-03-06 | Stichting Dutch Polymer Institute | Process for preparing a polymeric relief structure |
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