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JP2004058409A - Antibacterial wood-based composite molding material and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Antibacterial wood-based composite molding material and method for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004058409A
JP2004058409A JP2002218627A JP2002218627A JP2004058409A JP 2004058409 A JP2004058409 A JP 2004058409A JP 2002218627 A JP2002218627 A JP 2002218627A JP 2002218627 A JP2002218627 A JP 2002218627A JP 2004058409 A JP2004058409 A JP 2004058409A
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wood
molding material
based composite
composite molding
antibacterial
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JP3778881B2 (en
Inventor
Takashi Endo
遠藤 貴士
Takahiro Hirotsu
廣津 孝弘
Mihoko Shinohara
篠原 美保子
Tsutomu Muro
室 力
Mitsuo Suzuki
鈴木 三男
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
Patent Technology Development Inc
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
Patent Technology Development Inc
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Abstract

【課題】ヒノキやヒバのような樹木の廃材を、できるだけ自然の状態に保ったまま、その中に存在する生理活性物質を有効利用する技術を提供する。
【解決手段】ヒノキチオール含有木質粉と木質用接着成分とのメカノケミカル反応生成物及び熱可塑性樹脂の複合体からなる抗菌性木質系複合成形材料とする。これはヒノキチオール含有木質粉と木質用接着成分とを、弱塩基性物質の中から選ばれた少なくとも1種の安定化剤の存在下でメカノケミカル反応させたのち、その生成物を熱可塑性樹脂と混合することにより製造する。
【選択図】 なし
An object of the present invention is to provide a technique for effectively utilizing a biologically active substance present in a waste wood of a tree such as cypress or cypress while keeping the natural state as much as possible.
An antibacterial wood-based composite molding material comprising a composite of a mechanochemical reaction product of a hinokitiol-containing wood powder and an adhesive component for wood and a thermoplastic resin. This is based on a mechanochemical reaction between hinokitiol-containing wood flour and a wood adhesive component in the presence of at least one stabilizer selected from weakly basic substances, and then the product is reacted with a thermoplastic resin. It is manufactured by mixing.
[Selection diagram] None

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、抗菌作用を有する木質系複合成形材料及びその製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ヒノキ科に属する樹木、例えばヒノキやヒバなどは、ヒノキチオールを含有し、それから抽出される精油成分は、芳香を有し、抗菌性、防虫性、防ばい性を示すことが知られている。
【0003】
そのため、これらの樹木から製材される木材は、建材をはじめ、家具、浴槽などの高級材料として利用されているが、その加工時に発生する端材やおが屑などは大部分なんら利用されることなく、木材廃棄物として焼却されたり、せいぜい埋め立てに用いられていたにすぎなかった。その後、これらの廃棄物から水蒸気蒸留や溶剤抽出により生理活性物質や芳香性精油を採取することも試みられたが、操作が煩雑なために、収集や運搬に経費がかかり、コスト高になるのを免れず、工業的には実用化されなかった。
【0004】
ところで、ヒノキチオール(4‐イソプロピル‐2‐ヒドロキシ‐2,4,6‐シクロヘプタトリエン‐1‐オン)は、台湾ヒノキ油、青森産ヒバ油及びウエスタン・レッド・セダー・オイル(western red ceder oil)などの中に存在する結晶性物質であるが、現在は合成品として入手でき、化粧品、養毛剤、歯磨きなどの添加剤として用いられている。また、このヒノキチオールは、ヒノキ特有の木香を有することから香料としても注目されているほか、腸チフス菌、大腸菌、赤痢菌、ブドウ状球菌、真菌、虫歯菌などの細菌に対し、抗菌作用を有し、またガンや白血病の治療に対しても有効であることが報告されている(「フレグランス・ジャーナル」,第17巻,第2号,第74〜79ページ、「バイオロジカル・アンド・ファーマシューティカル・ビュレタン(Biol.Pharm.Bull)」,第16巻(5),第521〜523ページ)。
【0005】
このため、ヒノキチオールをプラスチックに混合し、保存容器、包装用フィルム、繊維製品などに加工して利用することが考えられるが、ヒノキチオールは、融点が52〜53℃と低く、昇華性がある上に、各種プラスチックとの混和性を欠くため、熱可塑性樹脂中に配合して加熱成形することが困難であり、したがって所望の形状の成形品や合成繊維としてヒノキチオールのもつ望ましい性質を利用することができなかった。
【0006】
他方、一般に天然の動植物中に存在する生理活性物質は、通常多数の物質の混合物であり、環境や生物に対して強力な作用を与えることがないように自然の調和が保たれているので、その中から特定の有効成分を単一の化合物として分解すると、生理活性作用が強くなりすぎて、自然界における調和が乱されるおそれがあるため、これらの生理活性物質は、本来の混合物の状態のままで利用するのが望ましい。
【0007】
したがって、ヒノキやヒバなどの廃材も、これらから生理活性物質を抽出単離することなく、木材の状態でその生理活性物質が本来有している活性を利用するのが有利であるが、これまで、このような利用方法としては、廃材を粉末化して浴用剤として利用すること以外、特に注目しうる方法は知られていなかった。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、このような事情のもとで、ヒノキやヒバのような樹木の廃材を、できるだけ自然の状態に保ったまま、その中に存在する生理活性物質を有効利用する技術を提供することを目的としてなされたものである。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、ヒノキ科に属する樹木に由来する木質粉を、その中に含まれる有効成分の有用な物性をそこなうことなく、熱可塑性樹脂に配合して、熱成形可能な成形材料とする技術を開発するために鋭意研究を重ねた結果、上記の木質粉を、ある種の弱塩基性物質の存在下で木質用接着成分とメカノケミカル反応させると、木質粉が含有している有機酸類が部分的に中和され、加熱時の有機酸類に起因する木質部分の加水分解や変性が抑制されること及び木質の主成分であるセルロース結晶が破壊されてアモルファス化して高分子鎖の中間で部分的に分子配列が乱れ、この際にヒノキチオールのような生理活性物質が乱れたセルロース分子鎖中に包接され、熱や光に対し、安定化することを見出し、この知見に基づいて本発明をなすに至った。
【0010】
すなわち、本発明は、ヒノキチオール含有木質粉と木質用接着成分とのメカノケミカル反応生成物及び熱可塑性樹脂の複合体からなる抗菌性木質系複合成形材料、及びヒノキチオール含有木質粉と木質用接着成分とを、弱塩基性物質の中から選ばれた少なくとも1種の安定化剤の存在下でメカノケミカル反応させたのち、その生成物を熱可塑性樹脂と混合することを特徴とする抗菌性木質系複合成形材料の製造方法を提供するものである。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の成形材料は、ヒノキチオール含有木質粉と木質用接着成分とのメカノケミカル反応生成物及び熱可塑性樹脂の複合体からなるが、原料のヒノキチオール含有木質粉としては、ヒノキ科に属する樹木、例えばヒノキやヒバの粉末が用いられる。そして、木質粉としては、端材や鋸屑やおが屑のような加工に際して発生する廃材や、枝おろし廃材を利用するのが好ましい。
【0012】
通常の加工直後に得られる鋸屑やおが屑は10質量%以上の水分を含んでおり、このためメカノケミカル反応中に加水分解や発泡を生じるので、使用に際しては、水分が1質量%以下になるように乾燥するのが好ましい。この乾燥は、例えば熱風乾燥、真空乾燥、減圧乾燥により、60〜120℃の温度で、できるだけ短時間で行う。また、木質粉の粒径が大きい場合には、後続のメカノケミカル反応や押出成形を容易にするために、粒径1mm以下、好ましくは0.5mm以下に細断するのが好ましい。この細断は、例えばウイレーミル、カッターミルが用いられる。
【0013】
このヒノキチオール含有木質粉と併用される木質用接着成分としては、木質を構成するセルロースが多数のヒドロキシル基を有することから、このヒドロキシル基に対し、反応性を有する官能基をもつものが好ましい。このような木質用接着成分としては、例えばマレイン酸又は無水マレイン酸変性ポリオレフィンのような熱可塑性樹脂が好ましい。
【0014】
このポリオレフィンとしては、例えばポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリブチレン、ポリイソプレンのような単独重合体や、エチレンとプロピレンの共重合体、エチレンとブチレンとの共重合体、エチレンと他の炭素数5以上のα‐オレフィンとの共重合体、すなわち低密度線状ポリエチレンのような共重合体などが用いられる。これらは単独で用いてもよいし、また2種以上の混合物として用いてもよい。さらに、これらのポリオレフィンの代りに、オレフィンのオリゴマーを用いることもできる。
【0015】
また、マレイン酸又は無水マレイン酸変性ポリオレフィンとしては、ポリオレフィンにマレイン酸又は無水マレイン酸をグラフト共重合させたものが用いられる。ポリエチレンやポリプロピレンは、マレイン酸又は無水マレイン酸と容易にグラフト共重合して変性ポリエチレン又は変性ポリプロピレンを形成する。この変性ポリオレフィンは、カルボキシル基や酸無水物基を有するので、これらの部分は、木質粉中の水酸基をもつ成分と容易に反応して親和性を発現する。
【0016】
そのほか、木質用接着剤として慣用されている酢酸ビニル樹脂、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合樹脂のような熱可塑性樹脂や、ユリア樹脂、メラミン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、水性高分子−イソシアネートプレポリマーなどの熱硬化性樹脂も用いることができる。
【0017】
上記のヒノキチオール含有木質粉と木質用接着成分とは、質量比で100:1ないし100:40、好ましくは100:5ないし100:20の範囲の割合で用いられる。この木質用接着成分の量がこれよりも少ないと成形材料の強度が不十分になるし、これよりも多いとメカノケミカル反応過程で温度が上昇し、溶融したときに塊を形成するおそれがある。
【0018】
本発明においては、ヒノキチオール含有木質粉と木質用接着成分とを所定の割合で混合し、安定化剤の存在下でメカノケミカル反応させることにより、先ずマスターバッチを調製する。
【0019】
この際、木質用接着成分として、ペレット状のものを用いる場合は、迅速に複合化させるために、あらかじめ粒径1mm以下に粉砕して用いるのが好ましい。特にメカノケミカル反応を行うのに使用される粉砕機の圧力、せん断力が小さい場合には、より微粉化するのが好ましい。
【0020】
この木質用接着成分が、熱可塑性の場合は、必要に応じその融点近くまで加温して行うこともできるし、また熱硬化性の場合は、硬化温度まで昇温しながら粉砕することが必要である。
【0021】
次に、本発明におけるメカノケミカル反応は、弱塩基性物質の存在下で行うことが必要である。この弱塩基性物質は、木質中に存在する有機酸などの酸性物質の作用を抑制し、安定化するために加えられるものである。そして、この弱塩基性物質としては、亜硫酸、炭酸、リン酸のような無機酸の水素アルカリ塩、例えば亜硫酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、リン酸二水素ナトリウム、リン酸二水素アンモニウムなどが好ましいが、酢酸、乳酸のような有機酸のアルカリ塩などを用いることもできる。
【0022】
この弱塩基性物質は、その種類により若干異なるが、通常ヒノキチオール含有木質粉100質量部当り1〜7質量部、好ましくは2〜5質量部の割合で用いられる。この量がこれよりも少ないと、木質中の酸性物質の中和が不十分になり、変性を完全に抑制することができないし、またこれよりも多くなると、形成される形成材料の物性の低下をもたらす。
【0023】
本発明におけるメカノケミカル反応は、乾式条件下、すなわち溶媒の不存在下に機械的エネルギーを加えながら、ヒノキチオール含有木質粉と木質用接着成分と安定化剤とを粉砕処理することによって行われる。この機械的エネルギーは、通常、ボールミル、ロールミル、ジェットミル、アトリションミル又は高速ミキサーを用いて加えられる。この際、粉砕処理に伴って温度は150〜200℃まで上昇する。このメカノケミカル反応に要する時間は、温度条件、加えられる機械的エネルギー量に左右されるが、通常40〜100分間の範囲である。
【0024】
このメカノケミカル反応は、最初にヒノキチオール含有木質粉と安定化剤との間で行い、両者の複合体を形成させたのち、木質用接着成分を加えて反応を継続してこれを複合させてもよいし、最初からヒノキチオール含有木質粉に安定化剤と木質用接着成分とを同時に加えて反応させ、複合化してもよい。
また、このメカノケミカル反応は、反応生成物の酸化による変質を避けるために、非酸化雰囲気中、例えば窒素雰囲気中で行うのが有利である。
【0025】
この反応過程において、木質用接着成分は、ヒノキチオール含有木質粉、又はこれと安定化剤との複合体に分子レベルで接近するとともに、木質粉粒子の周囲を被覆し、複合化する。そして、これにより木質粉は、木質用接着成分の内部に閉じ込められ安定化する。
【0026】
本発明におけるメカノケミカル反応は、添加した木質用接着成分の形状が認められなくなり、木質粉が溶融し、微粒子化した木質用接着成分により均一に濡れ、湿った状態になった時点で終了する。この際、溶融液中に塊を形成することがあるが、このときは粉砕機を冷却したり切断刃の回転数又は圧力を低下させることにより、せん断力を調整し、塊を消失させる。
【0027】
本発明の成形材料は、このようにして得られたメカノケミカル反応生成物をマスターバッチとし、これを熱可塑性樹脂と混合することによって製造される。
この際の熱可塑性樹脂としては、特に制限はなく、これまで汎用されていた熱可塑性樹脂の中から、使用目的に応じ、任意に選ぶことができる。このような熱可塑性樹脂としては、例えばポリオレフィン、ポリスチレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリエステル、ABS樹脂、AES樹脂、ポリ(メタ)アクリレート及びポリカーボネートなどがあるが、このほかケイ素樹脂、フッ素樹脂なども所望に応じ用いることができる。
【0028】
本発明の成形材料は、最終的なメカノケミカル反応生成物の含有量が全質量に基づき、1〜90%、好ましくは10〜50%になるようにメカノケミカル反応生成物と熱可塑性樹脂とを混合し、100〜250℃の温度で混練して各成分を均一に分散させる。この際、安定化剤の存在により、上記のような高い温度を用いても、有機酸に起因する木質成分の分解や加熱による木質成分の炭化を防止することができる。
このようにして得られた混練物は、次に所望に応じ混練押出成形機を用いてペレット化することができる。
【0029】
次に、本発明の製造方法を添付図面に従って説明する。
図1は、本発明の製造方法の1例の工程図であって、原料のヒバ木粉を粒径0.5mm以下に粉砕し、水分量1質量%以下に乾燥する。
次いで、安定化剤を加えて、メカノケミカル反応させたのち、木質用接着成分を加えて、さらにメカノケミカル反応を行って、マスターバッチを調製する。
【0030】
次に、このマスターバッチに熱可塑性樹脂を配合して抗菌性木質系複合成形材料を製造後、所望に応じ、混練り押出成形してペレット化する。
上記の2回にわたるメカノケミカル反応は、場合により安定化剤と木質用接着成分とを同時に配合して1回のメカノケミカル反応とすることができる。
【0031】
このようにして得られる木質系複合成形材料には、所望に応じ、通常の熱可塑性樹脂成形材料に慣用されている添加剤、例えばステアリン酸カルシウム、ステアリン酸亜鉛のような可塑剤、ゼオライトのような充填剤、ユーメックス(三洋化成工業社製)のような相溶化剤、樹脂改質剤、フィラー分散剤のほか、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、難燃剤、帯電防止剤、滑剤、着色剤などを配合することができる。
【0032】
【発明の効果】
本発明の成形材料は、ヒノキチオール特有の木香を有し、グラム陽性菌、グラム陰性菌、酵母菌、カビ類に対し、広い抗菌、防カビ性を示し、さらに、シロアリ、ダニ、ゴキブリなどに対する防虫性を示す上、長期間にわたってその効力を持続するので、抗菌用、防腐用、防虫用容器、包装材の製造用材料として好適である。
【0033】
【実施例】
次に、実施例により本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが,本発明はこれらの例によりなんら限定されるものではない。
【0034】
なお、各例中の機械的性質は以下の方法により測定した。
(1)引張強さ;
JIS R1606に従い、ダンベル型試験片を作製し、JIS K6200に準じる方法に従って測定した。
(2)弾性率;
(1)と同じ試験片を用い、JIS K6900に準じる方法に従って測定した。
(3)破断伸び;
(1)と同じ試験片を用い、JIS G0202に準じる方法に従って測定した。
【0035】
実施例1
ヒバ木材の加工に際し発生する鋸屑を、カッターミルを用いて粒径500μm以下になるまで粉砕したのち、熱風乾燥機により100℃で30分間乾燥した。これによりヒバ木粉の水分含有量は1質量%以下になった。
このようにして得た乾燥ヒバ木粉100質量部に対し、炭酸水素ナトリウム2.5質量部及びリン酸二水素アンモニウム2.5質量部を加え、この混合物を高速ミキサー(2000rpm)を用いて、窒素を通じながら室温で30分間メカノケミカル反応を行わせた。
【0036】
次いで、ミキサー容器の周囲を150℃に加温し、粉末状無水マレイン酸グラフト化ポリエチレンオリゴマー(三洋化成工業社製,商品名「ユーメックスCA60」5質量部を添加し、さらに同じ条件下で60分間メカノケミカル反応を継続した。この際の窒素ガス流量は、1分間当り、毎分高速ミキサーの内容物の体積の5分の1に相当する割合とした。
【0037】
このようにして得たマスターバッチにポリプロピレンを加えて、ヒバ木粉の含有量が50質量%の混合物を調製し、二軸混練り押出機及び水冷式ペレタイザーを用いて常法により170℃でペレット化した。
このペレットを150℃で60分間熱風乾燥したのち、正方形金型(150×150×1mm)に充填し、加熱プレス成形機を用いて、180℃において4分間プレス成形し、板状成形体を作製した。この板状成形体をダンベル状に打ち抜いて試験片を作製し、その機械的性質すなわち引張強さ、弾性率及び破断伸びを測定した。その結果を表1に示す。
【0038】
比較例1
実施例1で用いたのと同じヒバ木粉100質量部に対し、炭酸水素ナトリウム2.5質量部、リン酸二水素アンモニウム2.5質量部及び実施例1で用いたのと同じ粉末状無水マレイン酸グラフト化ポリエチレンオリゴマー5質量部を加えて混合したのち、メカノケミカル反応を行わずにマスターバッチを調製した。
次いで、このマスターバッチにポリプロピレンを加えて、ヒバ木粉含有量50質量%の混合物を調製し、実施例1と同様にして板状成形体を作製し、その機械的性質を測定した。その結果を表1に示す。
【0039】
【表1】

Figure 2004058409
【0040】
この表から分るように、メカノケミカル反応を行わせることにより、引張強さは99%、弾性率は27%、破断伸びは13%向上する。
【0041】
実施例2〜6、比較例2
実施例1と同様にして、160℃又は190℃でメカノケミカル反応させることにより、表2に示す組成の木質系複合成形体を調製し、これを用いて実施例1と同様にして、板状成形体を作製した。
この板状成形体の機械的性質を測定し、表2示す。
【0042】
【表2】
Figure 2004058409
1)酸変性低分子ポリプロピレン系樹脂(三洋化成工業社製、分子量40000)
2)酸変性低分子ポリプロピレン系樹脂(三洋化成工業社製、分子量30000)
3)低密度ポリエチレン「L502」(三菱化学社製、メルトインデックス:1.0)
4)ポリプロピレン「MG05BS」(日本ポリケム社製、メルトインデックス:45)
5)セルロース「W400G」(日本製紙社製)
6)ゼオライト(和光純薬工業社製)
【0043】
この表から分るように、メカノケミカル反応生成物を用いることにより、機械的性質の良好な複合体が得られる。
【0044】
参考例1
実施例1で作製した板状成形体を50mm四方の正方形に裁断したのち、オートクレーブ処理により滅菌して試験片(以下Aという)3枚を準備した。
また、比較のためにポリピロピレンのみで板状成形体を作製し、同じく50mm四方の正方形に裁断したのち、オートクレーブ処理により滅菌して試験片(以下Bという)6枚を準備した。
【0045】
次に、大腸菌(Escherichia coli IFO3972)と黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus aureus IFO 12732)をそれぞれ、普通寒天培地に接種し、35℃で24時間前々培養したのち、これを普通ブイヨン培地に移し、35℃で20時間前培養した。
【0046】
このようにして培養した菌液0.5mlを、前記3枚の試験片A及び6枚の試験片Bにそれぞれ接種し、試験片Bの中の3枚については、直ちに接種菌液を洗い落として、この接種菌液中の菌数を測定した。
残りの試験片Aの3枚と試験片Bの3枚については、菌液接種後、35℃、相対湿度90%で24時間培養したのち、接種菌液を洗い落して、この中における菌数を測定した。
このようにして得た各試験片3枚についての平均菌数を求め、表3に示す。
【0047】
【表3】
Figure 2004058409
【0048】
この表から分るように、本発明の木質系複合材料は、大腸菌、黄色ブドウ球菌のいずれに対しても抗菌効果を示す。
【0049】
参考例2
実施例1におけるポリプロピレンの代りに、同量の低密度ポリエチレンを用いた場合について、参考例1と同様の試験を行った結果を表4に示す。
【0050】
【表4】
Figure 2004058409
【0051】
この表から分るように、本発明の木質系複合材料は大腸菌、黄色ブドウ球菌のいずれに対しても抗菌効果を示す。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の製造方法の1例の工程図。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a wood-based composite molding material having an antibacterial action and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Trees belonging to the hinoki family, for example, hinoki and cypress, contain hinokitiol, and the essential oil component extracted therefrom is known to have an aroma, exhibit antibacterial properties, insect repellency, and deterrent properties.
[0003]
For this reason, wood produced from these trees is used as high-grade materials such as construction materials, furniture, bathtubs, etc., but most of the offcuts and sawdust generated during processing are not used at all, It was incinerated as wood waste or used for landfill at best. After that, attempts were made to collect physiologically active substances and aromatic essential oils from these wastes by steam distillation or solvent extraction.However, due to the complicated operation, collection and transportation were expensive and costly. And it was not industrially practical.
[0004]
By the way, hinokitiol (4-isopropyl-2-hydroxy-2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one) is obtained from Taiwan cypress oil, Hiba oil from Aomori, and western red cedar oil. Although it is a crystalline substance present in, for example, it is currently available as a synthetic product and is used as an additive for cosmetics, hair tonics, toothpastes, and the like. In addition, this hinokitiol has attracted attention as a fragrance because it has a characteristic woody incense, and has an antibacterial activity against bacteria such as Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Staphylococcus, fungi, and caries. It is also reported to be effective for the treatment of cancer and leukemia (Fragrance Journal, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 74-79, "Biological and Pharmaceutical"). Biol. Pharm. Bull, 16 (5), 521-523).
[0005]
For this reason, it is conceivable that hinokitiol is mixed with plastic and processed into a storage container, a packaging film, a fiber product, etc., and used. However, hinokitiol has a low melting point of 52 to 53 ° C. and has sublimability. Since it lacks miscibility with various plastics, it is difficult to mix it into a thermoplastic resin and heat-mold it, and therefore, it is possible to utilize the desirable properties of hinokitiol as a molded article or a synthetic fiber having a desired shape. Did not.
[0006]
On the other hand, bioactive substances generally present in natural animals and plants are usually a mixture of many substances, and are kept in harmony with nature so as not to exert a strong effect on the environment and living things, When a specific active ingredient is decomposed as a single compound from among them, the physiologically active action becomes too strong, and the harmony in nature may be disturbed.Therefore, these physiologically active substances are in the form of the original mixture. It is desirable to use it as it is.
[0007]
Therefore, it is advantageous to use the natural activity of the bioactive substance in the form of wood without extracting and isolating the bioactive substance from the cypress and cypress waste. As such a method of use, there has not been known a method that can be particularly noticed other than pulverizing waste material and using it as a bath agent.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Under such circumstances, the present invention provides a technique for effectively utilizing a biologically active substance present in a waste wood of a tree such as cypress or hiba while keeping the natural state as much as possible. It was made for the purpose of.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have made wood powder derived from a tree belonging to the hinoki family, without impairing the useful physical properties of the active ingredient contained therein, with a thermoplastic resin to obtain a thermoforming molding material. As a result of intensive research to develop technology, the woody flour is subjected to a mechanochemical reaction with woody adhesive components in the presence of certain weakly basic substances, and the organic acids contained in the woody flour Is partially neutralized, and the hydrolysis and denaturation of the woody part caused by organic acids at the time of heating are suppressed, and the cellulose crystal, which is the main component of the woody substance, is broken down to become amorphous and in the middle of the polymer chain. It has been found that the molecular arrangement is partially disturbed, and at this time, a physiologically active substance such as hinokitiol is included in the disturbed cellulose molecular chain and is stabilized against heat and light. Led to .
[0010]
That is, the present invention is an antibacterial wood-based composite molding material comprising a composite of a mechanochemical reaction product of a hinokitiol-containing wood powder and a wood-based adhesive component and a thermoplastic resin, and a hinokitiol-containing wood powder and a wood-based adhesive component. A mechanochemical reaction in the presence of at least one stabilizer selected from weakly basic substances, and then mixing the product with a thermoplastic resin. A method for producing a molding material is provided.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The molding material of the present invention is composed of a composite of a mechanochemical reaction product of a hinokitiol-containing wood powder and an adhesive component for wood and a thermoplastic resin.As the hinokitiol-containing wood powder as a raw material, a tree belonging to the hinoki family, for example, Cypress and Hiba powders are used. And, as the wood powder, it is preferable to use waste materials generated during processing, such as offcuts, sawdust and sawdust, and waste materials for branching.
[0012]
Sawdust and sawdust obtained immediately after ordinary processing contain water of 10% by mass or more, and therefore hydrolyze or foam during the mechanochemical reaction. Therefore, when used, the water content is 1% by mass or less. It is preferable to dry. This drying is performed at a temperature of 60 to 120 ° C. in as short a time as possible, for example, by hot air drying, vacuum drying, and reduced pressure drying. When the particle size of the wood powder is large, it is preferable to cut the particle size to 1 mm or less, preferably 0.5 mm or less in order to facilitate subsequent mechanochemical reaction and extrusion molding. For this shredding, for example, a wheelie mill or a cutter mill is used.
[0013]
As an adhesive component for wood used in combination with the hinokitiol-containing wood powder, a cellulose-containing adhesive having a functional group reactive with the hydroxyl group is preferable because cellulose constituting wood has many hydroxyl groups. As such a woody adhesive component, for example, a thermoplastic resin such as maleic acid or a maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin is preferable.
[0014]
Examples of the polyolefin include homopolymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene and polyisoprene, copolymers of ethylene and propylene, copolymers of ethylene and butylene, and ethylene and other α-olefins having 5 or more carbon atoms. A copolymer with an olefin, that is, a copolymer such as a low-density linear polyethylene is used. These may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more. Further, instead of these polyolefins, olefin oligomers can be used.
[0015]
As the maleic acid or maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin, those obtained by graft copolymerizing maleic acid or maleic anhydride with a polyolefin are used. Polyethylene or polypropylene readily graft copolymerizes with maleic acid or maleic anhydride to form modified polyethylene or modified polypropylene. Since this modified polyolefin has a carboxyl group or an acid anhydride group, these portions easily react with a component having a hydroxyl group in the wood powder to develop affinity.
[0016]
In addition, thermoplastic resins such as vinyl acetate resin and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin commonly used as wood adhesives, urea resin, melamine resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, urethane resin, aqueous polymer-isocyanate A thermosetting resin such as a prepolymer can also be used.
[0017]
The hinokitiol-containing wood powder and the wood-based adhesive component are used in a weight ratio of 100: 1 to 100: 40, preferably 100: 5 to 100: 20. If the amount of the woody adhesive component is less than this, the strength of the molding material will be insufficient, and if it is more than this, the temperature will increase during the mechanochemical reaction process, and there is a risk of forming a lump when melting. .
[0018]
In the present invention, a masterbatch is first prepared by mixing hinokitiol-containing wood flour and a woody adhesive component at a predetermined ratio and subjecting them to a mechanochemical reaction in the presence of a stabilizer.
[0019]
In this case, when a pellet-like material is used as the wood-based adhesive component, it is preferable to use the material after previously pulverizing it to a particle size of 1 mm or less in order to quickly form a composite. In particular, when the pressure and the shearing force of the pulverizer used for performing the mechanochemical reaction are small, it is preferable that the pulverization is further performed.
[0020]
If the wood-based adhesive component is thermoplastic, it can be heated to near its melting point if necessary, or if it is thermosetting, it is necessary to grind it while raising the temperature to the curing temperature. It is.
[0021]
Next, the mechanochemical reaction in the present invention needs to be performed in the presence of a weakly basic substance. This weakly basic substance is added to suppress and stabilize the action of acidic substances such as organic acids present in wood. As the weakly basic substance, sulfuric acid, carbonic acid, hydrogen alkali salts of inorganic acids such as phosphoric acid, for example, sodium hydrogen sulfite, sodium hydrogencarbonate, sodium dihydrogenphosphate, ammonium dihydrogenphosphate, and the like are preferable. , Acetic acid, lactic acid and the like, and alkali salts of organic acids and the like can also be used.
[0022]
This weakly basic substance is slightly different depending on the kind thereof, but is usually used in a proportion of 1 to 7 parts by mass, preferably 2 to 5 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of hinokitiol-containing wood flour. If the amount is less than this, the neutralization of the acidic substances in the wood becomes insufficient, and denaturation cannot be completely suppressed.If the amount is more than this, the physical properties of the formed material decrease. Bring.
[0023]
The mechanochemical reaction in the present invention is performed by pulverizing the hinokitiol-containing wood powder, the wood-based adhesive component, and the stabilizer while applying mechanical energy under dry conditions, that is, in the absence of a solvent. This mechanical energy is usually applied using a ball mill, roll mill, jet mill, attrition mill or high speed mixer. At this time, the temperature rises to 150 to 200 ° C. with the pulverization process. The time required for this mechanochemical reaction depends on the temperature conditions and the amount of applied mechanical energy, but is usually in the range of 40 to 100 minutes.
[0024]
This mechanochemical reaction is first performed between the hinokitiol-containing wood flour and the stabilizer to form a complex of both, and then the wood-based adhesive component is added to continue the reaction to combine the two. Alternatively, a stabilizer and a wood-based adhesive component may be simultaneously added to hinokitiol-containing wood powder from the beginning and reacted to form a composite.
In addition, this mechanochemical reaction is advantageously performed in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, for example, in a nitrogen atmosphere, in order to avoid deterioration due to oxidation of the reaction product.
[0025]
In this reaction process, the wood-based adhesive component approaches the hinokitiol-containing wood powder or the complex of the hinokitiol and the stabilizer at the molecular level, and coats and composites around the wood powder particles. Thus, the wood powder is confined and stabilized inside the wood adhesive component.
[0026]
The mechanochemical reaction in the present invention ends when the shape of the added woody adhesive component is no longer recognized, the wood powder is melted, and the woody adhesive component is uniformly wetted and wetted by the finely divided woody adhesive component. At this time, lumps may be formed in the melt. In this case, the crusher is cooled or the rotation speed or pressure of the cutting blade is reduced to adjust the shearing force and eliminate the lumps.
[0027]
The molding material of the present invention is produced by using the mechanochemical reaction product thus obtained as a masterbatch and mixing it with a thermoplastic resin.
The thermoplastic resin at this time is not particularly limited, and can be arbitrarily selected from thermoplastic resins that have been widely used so far according to the purpose of use. Examples of such a thermoplastic resin include polyolefin, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyester, ABS resin, AES resin, poly (meth) acrylate, and polycarbonate. Can also be used as desired.
[0028]
The molding material of the present invention is obtained by mixing the mechanochemical reaction product and the thermoplastic resin such that the final content of the mechanochemical reaction product is 1 to 90%, preferably 10 to 50% based on the total mass. The components are mixed and kneaded at a temperature of 100 to 250 ° C. to uniformly disperse each component. At this time, the presence of the stabilizer makes it possible to prevent the decomposition of the wood component due to the organic acid and the carbonization of the wood component due to heating even when the above-mentioned high temperature is used.
The kneaded material thus obtained can then be pelletized using a kneading extruder as desired.
[0029]
Next, the manufacturing method of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a process diagram of one example of the production method of the present invention, in which raw material Hiba wood flour is pulverized to a particle size of 0.5 mm or less and dried to a water content of 1% by mass or less.
Next, after adding a stabilizer and performing a mechanochemical reaction, an adhesive component for wood is added, and a mechanochemical reaction is further performed to prepare a master batch.
[0030]
Next, a thermoplastic resin is blended into the master batch to produce an antibacterial wood-based composite molding material, and if necessary, kneaded and extruded to form a pellet.
The above-mentioned two mechanochemical reactions can be performed as a single mechanochemical reaction by mixing a stabilizer and a wood-based adhesive component at the same time in some cases.
[0031]
In the thus obtained wood-based composite molding material, if necessary, additives commonly used in ordinary thermoplastic resin molding materials, for example, calcium stearate, plasticizers such as zinc stearate, zeolites such as In addition to fillers, compatibilizers such as Umex (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries), resin modifiers, filler dispersants, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, flame retardants, antistatic agents, lubricants, coloring agents, etc. Can be blended.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
The molding material of the present invention has hinokitiol-specific woody incense, and has a broad antibacterial and antifungal property against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and molds, and further against termites, mites, cockroaches, and the like. Since it shows insect repellency and maintains its efficacy for a long period of time, it is suitable as a material for producing antibacterial, antiseptic, insect repellent containers and packaging materials.
[0033]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0034]
The mechanical properties in each example were measured by the following methods.
(1) tensile strength;
A dumbbell-shaped test piece was prepared according to JIS R1606 and measured according to a method according to JIS K6200.
(2) elastic modulus;
It measured using the same test piece as (1) according to the method according to JISK6900.
(3) elongation at break;
It measured using the same test piece as (1) according to the method according to JIS G0202.
[0035]
Example 1
Sawdust generated during processing of hiba wood was pulverized using a cutter mill until the particle size became 500 μm or less, and then dried at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes using a hot air drier. As a result, the water content of Hiba wood flour became 1% by mass or less.
To 100 parts by mass of the dried Hiba wood flour thus obtained, 2.5 parts by mass of sodium hydrogen carbonate and 2.5 parts by mass of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate were added, and this mixture was mixed using a high-speed mixer (2000 rpm). The mechanochemical reaction was performed at room temperature for 30 minutes while passing nitrogen.
[0036]
Subsequently, the periphery of the mixer vessel was heated to 150 ° C., and 5 parts by mass of a powdered maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene oligomer (trade name “UMEX CA60” manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added, and further under the same conditions for 60 minutes. The mechanochemical reaction was continued, and the nitrogen gas flow rate at this time was set at a rate equivalent to one fifth of the volume of the contents of the high-speed mixer per minute.
[0037]
Polypropylene is added to the masterbatch obtained in this manner to prepare a mixture having a Hiba wood flour content of 50% by mass, and pelletized at 170 ° C. by a conventional method using a twin-screw kneading extruder and a water-cooled pelletizer. It has become.
The pellets are dried with hot air at 150 ° C. for 60 minutes, filled in a square mold (150 × 150 × 1 mm), and press-formed at 180 ° C. for 4 minutes using a hot press forming machine to produce a plate-like molded body. did. A test piece was prepared by punching the plate-like molded body into a dumbbell shape, and its mechanical properties, namely, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and elongation at break were measured. Table 1 shows the results.
[0038]
Comparative Example 1
2.5 parts by mass of sodium hydrogencarbonate, 2.5 parts by mass of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 100 parts by mass of the same Hiba wood flour as used in Example 1 and the same powdery anhydrous as used in Example 1 After adding and mixing 5 parts by mass of the maleic acid-grafted polyethylene oligomer, a masterbatch was prepared without performing a mechanochemical reaction.
Next, polypropylene was added to this master batch to prepare a mixture having a Hiba wood flour content of 50% by mass. A plate-like molded body was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and its mechanical properties were measured. Table 1 shows the results.
[0039]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004058409
[0040]
As can be seen from the table, by performing the mechanochemical reaction, the tensile strength is improved by 99%, the elastic modulus is improved by 27%, and the elongation at break is improved by 13%.
[0041]
Examples 2 to 6, Comparative Example 2
By performing a mechanochemical reaction at 160 ° C. or 190 ° C. in the same manner as in Example 1, a wood-based composite molded body having the composition shown in Table 2 was prepared. A molded body was produced.
The mechanical properties of this plate-like molded product were measured and are shown in Table 2.
[0042]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004058409
1) Acid-modified low molecular weight polypropylene resin (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd., molecular weight 40000)
2) Acid-modified low molecular weight polypropylene resin (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, molecular weight 30,000)
3) Low density polyethylene "L502" (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, melt index: 1.0)
4) Polypropylene “MG05BS” (manufactured by Nippon Polychem, melt index: 45)
5) Cellulose "W400G" (Nippon Paper Industries)
6) Zeolite (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
[0043]
As can be seen from this table, the use of a mechanochemical reaction product provides a composite having good mechanical properties.
[0044]
Reference Example 1
After cutting the plate-shaped molded body produced in Example 1 into a square of 50 mm square, it was sterilized by autoclave treatment to prepare three test pieces (hereinafter referred to as A).
For the purpose of comparison, a plate-like molded body was prepared using only polypyrropyrene, cut into a 50 mm square, and sterilized by autoclave treatment to prepare six test pieces (hereinafter referred to as B).
[0045]
Next, Escherichia coli (Escherichia coli IFO3972) and Staphylococcus aureus IFO 12732 were each inoculated on a normal agar medium, cultured at 35 ° C for 24 hours, and transferred to a normal broth medium. For 20 hours.
[0046]
0.5 ml of the bacterial solution thus cultured was inoculated on each of the three test pieces A and the six test pieces B, and three of the test pieces B were immediately washed off with the inoculated bacterial solution. The number of bacteria in this inoculum was measured.
The remaining three test pieces A and three test pieces B were cultured at 35 ° C. and 90% relative humidity for 24 hours after inoculation of the bacterial solution, and then the inoculated bacterial solution was washed off, and the number of bacteria in this was removed. Was measured.
The average number of bacteria for each of the three test pieces obtained in this manner was determined and is shown in Table 3.
[0047]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004058409
[0048]
As can be seen from this table, the wood-based composite material of the present invention exhibits an antibacterial effect on both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
[0049]
Reference Example 2
Table 4 shows the results of the same test as in Reference Example 1 where the same amount of low-density polyethylene was used instead of polypropylene in Example 1.
[0050]
[Table 4]
Figure 2004058409
[0051]
As can be seen from this table, the wood-based composite material of the present invention exhibits an antibacterial effect on both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a process chart of an example of a production method of the present invention.

Claims (12)

ヒノキチオール含有木質粉と木質用接着成分とのメカノケミカル反応生成物及び熱可塑性樹脂の複合体からなる抗菌性木質系複合成形材料。An antibacterial wood-based composite molding material comprising a composite of a mechanochemical reaction product of a hinokitiol-containing wood powder and an adhesive component for wood and a thermoplastic resin. ヒノキチオール含有木質粉と木質用接着成分の含有割合が質量比で100:1ないし100:40である請求項1記載の抗菌性木質系複合成形材料。2. The antibacterial wood-based composite molding material according to claim 1, wherein the content ratio of the hinokitiol-containing wood powder to the woody adhesive component is from 100: 1 to 100: 40 by mass ratio. ヒノキチオール含有木質粉がヒノキ科に属する樹木の粉末である請求項1又は2記載の抗菌性木質系複合成形材料。The antibacterial wood-based composite molding material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the hinokitiol-containing wood powder is a powder of a tree belonging to the family Cypress. 木質用接着成分が、ヒドロキシル基に対し、反応性を有する官能基をもつ接着性樹脂である請求項1、2又は3記載の抗菌性木質系複合成形材料。4. The antibacterial wood-based composite molding material according to claim 1, wherein the woody adhesive component is an adhesive resin having a functional group reactive with a hydroxyl group. ヒドロキシル基に対し、反応性を有する官能基をもつ接着性樹脂が無水マレイン酸変性ポリオレフィンである請求項4記載の抗菌性木質系複合成形材料。The antibacterial wood-based composite molding material according to claim 4, wherein the adhesive resin having a functional group reactive with a hydroxyl group is a maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin. 熱可塑性樹脂が、ポリオレフィン、ポリスチレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリエステル、ABS樹脂、AES樹脂、ポリ(メタ)アクリレート及びポリカーボネートの中から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1ないし5のいずれかに記載の抗菌性木質系複合成形材料。The thermoplastic resin is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyolefin, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyester, ABS resin, AES resin, poly (meth) acrylate and polycarbonate. 2. The antibacterial wood-based composite molding material according to item 1. メカノケミカル反応生成物の含有量が、全質量に基づき1〜90%の範囲である請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載の抗菌性木質系複合成形材料。The antibacterial wood-based composite molding material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the content of the mechanochemical reaction product is in the range of 1 to 90% based on the total mass. ヒノキチオール含有木質粉と木質用接着成分とを、弱塩基性物質の中から選ばれた少なくとも1種の安定化剤の存在下でメカノケミカル反応させたのち、その生成物を熱可塑性樹脂と混合することを特徴とする抗菌性木質系複合成形材料の製造方法。After the hinokitiol-containing wood powder and the wood-based adhesive component undergo a mechanochemical reaction in the presence of at least one stabilizer selected from weakly basic substances, the product is mixed with a thermoplastic resin. A method for producing an antibacterial wood-based composite molding material, comprising: 非酸化雰囲気中でメカノケミカル反応を行う請求項8記載の抗菌性木質系複合成形材料の製造方法。9. The method for producing an antibacterial wood-based composite molding material according to claim 8, wherein the mechanochemical reaction is performed in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. ヒノキチオール含有木質粉と木質用接着成分の使用割合が、質量比で100:1ないし100:40である請求項8又は9記載の抗菌性木質系複合成形材料の製造方法。The method for producing an antibacterial wood-based composite molding material according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the ratio of the hinokitiol-containing wood powder to the wood-based adhesive component is from 100: 1 to 100: 40 by mass. 安定化剤の使用割合がヒノキチオール含有木質粉100質量部当り、1〜7質量部である請求項8、9又は10記載の抗菌性木質系複合成形材料の製造方法。The method for producing an antibacterial wood-based composite molding material according to claim 8, 9 or 10, wherein the stabilizer is used in an amount of 1 to 7 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of hinokitiol-containing wood flour. 安定化剤が亜硫酸塩、炭酸塩及びリン酸塩の中から選ばれた少なくとも1種の弱アルカリ性塩である請求項8ないし11のいずれかに記載の抗菌性木質系複合成形材料の製造方法。The method for producing an antibacterial wood-based composite molding material according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the stabilizer is at least one kind of a weakly alkaline salt selected from a sulfite, a carbonate, and a phosphate.
JP2002218627A 2002-07-26 2002-07-26 Method for producing antibacterial wood composite molding Expired - Fee Related JP3778881B2 (en)

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Cited By (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007045854A (en) * 2005-08-05 2007-02-22 Patent Technology Development Inc Molding resin composition
JP2008195600A (en) * 2007-01-17 2008-08-28 National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology Organic-inorganic composite with metal-tropolone complex supported between layers and method
KR101386893B1 (en) 2013-12-11 2014-04-18 마준식 A manufacture method and an abs edge for furniture radiates phytoncide
JP2020158606A (en) * 2019-03-26 2020-10-01 古河電気工業株式会社 Wood flour-containing polyolefin resin composition
EP3992241A1 (en) * 2020-10-28 2022-05-04 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Plant fiber-containing composite resin molded article with sustained release of aroma
CN114670519A (en) * 2022-04-19 2022-06-28 安徽科居新材料科技有限公司 Antibacterial PVC (polyvinyl chloride) wood-plastic multilayer composite material and preparation method thereof

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007045854A (en) * 2005-08-05 2007-02-22 Patent Technology Development Inc Molding resin composition
JP2008195600A (en) * 2007-01-17 2008-08-28 National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology Organic-inorganic composite with metal-tropolone complex supported between layers and method
KR101386893B1 (en) 2013-12-11 2014-04-18 마준식 A manufacture method and an abs edge for furniture radiates phytoncide
JP2020158606A (en) * 2019-03-26 2020-10-01 古河電気工業株式会社 Wood flour-containing polyolefin resin composition
EP3992241A1 (en) * 2020-10-28 2022-05-04 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Plant fiber-containing composite resin molded article with sustained release of aroma
JP2022071659A (en) * 2020-10-28 2022-05-16 パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 Plant fiber-containing composite resin molded product with sustained release of aroma
JP7620825B2 (en) 2020-10-28 2025-01-24 パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 Plant fiber-containing composite resin molding with sustained fragrance release properties
CN114670519A (en) * 2022-04-19 2022-06-28 安徽科居新材料科技有限公司 Antibacterial PVC (polyvinyl chloride) wood-plastic multilayer composite material and preparation method thereof

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