Disclosure of utility model
The utility model provides a cascade refrigeration system which is used for solving the problems that in the prior art, oil return in a compressor is not smooth, and reliability, safety and operation efficiency of the refrigeration system are affected.
The utility model provides a cascade refrigeration system which comprises a first circulation system, wherein the first circulation system comprises a first evaporator, an oil-free centrifugal compressor, a cascade heat exchanger and a first liquid reservoir, the cascade heat exchanger comprises a first condenser, an outlet of the first evaporator, the oil-free centrifugal compressor, the first condenser, the first liquid reservoir and an inlet of the first evaporator are sequentially communicated, and a refrigerant of the first circulation system is carbon dioxide.
According to the cascade refrigeration system provided by the utility model, the first circulation system further comprises a first gas-liquid separator, the first gas-liquid separator is provided with a first air inlet, a first liquid inlet, a first air outlet and a first liquid outlet, the first air inlet is communicated with the outlet of the first evaporator, the first air outlet is communicated with the inlet of the oil-free centrifugal compressor, the first liquid outlet is communicated with the inlet of the first evaporator, and the first liquid inlet is communicated with the outlet of the first liquid reservoir.
According to the cascade refrigeration system provided by the utility model, the first circulation system further comprises a shielding pump, and the shielding pump is arranged between the first liquid outlet and the inlet of the first evaporator and is used for driving the liquid in the first gas-liquid separator to flow to the first evaporator.
According to the cascade refrigeration system provided by the utility model, the first circulation system further comprises a first expansion valve, and the first expansion valve is arranged between the outlet of the first liquid reservoir and the first liquid inlet.
According to the cascade refrigeration system provided by the utility model, the oil-free centrifugal compressor is a permanent magnet variable frequency compressor.
According to the cascade refrigeration system provided by the utility model, the cascade refrigeration system further comprises a second circulation system, and the cascade heat exchanger further comprises a second evaporator which is communicated with the second circulation system in an end-to-end mode.
According to the cascade refrigeration system provided by the utility model, the second circulation system comprises an oil compressor, a second condenser, a second liquid reservoir and an oil separator, wherein the outlet of the second evaporator, the air inlet of the oil compressor, the air outlet of the oil compressor, the inlet of the oil separator, the air outlet of the oil separator, the second condenser, the second liquid reservoir and the inlet of the second evaporator are sequentially communicated, and the oil outlet of the oil separator is communicated with the oil inlet of the oil compressor.
According to the cascade refrigeration system provided by the utility model, the second circulation system further comprises a second gas-liquid separator, the second gas-liquid separator is provided with a second air inlet, a second liquid inlet, a second air outlet and a second liquid outlet, the second air inlet is communicated with the outlet of the second evaporator, the second air outlet is communicated with the air inlet of the oil compressor, the second liquid outlet is communicated with the inlet of the second evaporator, and the second liquid inlet is communicated with the outlet of the second liquid reservoir.
According to the cascade refrigeration system provided by the utility model, the second liquid outlet of the second gas-liquid separator is higher than the inlet of the second evaporator.
According to the cascade refrigeration system provided by the utility model, the second circulation system further comprises a cooler, wherein the cooler is arranged between an oil outlet of the oil separator and an oil inlet of the oil-filled compressor, and/or the second circulation system further comprises a second expansion valve, and the second expansion valve is arranged between an outlet of the second liquid reservoir and the second liquid inlet.
According to the cascade refrigeration system provided by the utility model, the oil-free centrifugal compressor is adopted, the first circulation system runs in an oil-free mode, the system is simplified, the influence of lubricating oil on heat exchange efficiency is eliminated, the reliability and safety of the cascade refrigeration system are improved, and the refrigerant filling quantity is reduced.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model more apparent, the technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present utility model, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.
In describing embodiments of the present utility model, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "coupled" should be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, integrally connected, mechanically connected, electrically connected, directly connected, or indirectly connected via an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in embodiments of the present utility model will be understood in detail by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the description of the embodiments of the present utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present utility model.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present utility model, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
Embodiments of the present utility model are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present utility model and should not be construed as limiting the utility model.
The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different structures of the utility model. In order to simplify the present disclosure, components and arrangements of specific examples are described below. They are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to limit the utility model. Furthermore, the present utility model may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed. In addition, the present utility model provides examples of various specific processes and materials, but one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize the applicability of other processes and/or the use of other materials.
The cascade refrigeration system of the present utility model is described below in conjunction with fig. 1.
The cascade refrigeration system provided by the embodiment of the utility model comprises a first circulation system 10, wherein the first circulation system 10 comprises a first evaporator 11, an oil-free centrifugal compressor 13, a cascade heat exchanger 14 and a first liquid reservoir 15, the cascade heat exchanger 14 comprises a first condenser, an outlet of the first evaporator 11, the oil-free centrifugal compressor 13, the first condenser, the first liquid reservoir 15 and an inlet of the first evaporator 11 are sequentially communicated, and a refrigerant of the first circulation system 10 is carbon dioxide. The gas discharged from the discharge port of the oil-free centrifugal compressor 13 is completely free of oil.
The first circulation system 10 is a low-temperature side refrigeration system, and the refrigerant is carbon dioxide. The low-temperature liquid carbon dioxide in the first liquid reservoir 15 is conveyed to the first evaporator 11 (such as an air cooler), the low-temperature liquid carbon dioxide absorbs external heat in the first evaporator 11 and becomes carbon dioxide gas, the carbon dioxide gas enters the oil-free centrifugal compressor 13, the oil-free centrifugal compressor 13 compresses the carbon dioxide gas into superheated gaseous carbon dioxide under condensation pressure, the superheated gaseous carbon dioxide under condensation pressure enters the cascade heat exchanger 14 and is condensed into carbon dioxide liquid under the action of the first condenser in the cascade heat exchanger 14, the carbon dioxide liquid enters the first liquid reservoir 15 for storage, and becomes low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide liquid after throttling and depressurization, and enters the first evaporator 11 to start the next cycle.
The oil-free centrifugal compressor 13 in the embodiment of the utility model can be a permanent magnet variable frequency compressor, so that the efficiency of the compressor in partial load is improved.
According to the cascade refrigeration system provided by the embodiment of the utility model, the oil-free centrifugal compressor 13 is adopted, the first circulation system 10 runs in an oil-free mode, the system is simplified, the influence of lubricating oil on heat exchange efficiency is eliminated, the reliability and safety of the cascade refrigeration system are improved, and the refrigerant filling quantity is reduced.
In the prior art, a piston compressor or a screw compressor is adopted, and a compressor lubricating oil system (comprising a lubricating oil separation system, a cooling system, a conveying system, a distribution system and an oil way control system) is required to be arranged. According to the embodiment of the utility model, the oil-free centrifugal compressor 13 is adopted, and the oil return problem is avoided because the side of the first circulating system 10 runs in an oil-free manner, so that the system is simplified, the position of the refrigerating machine room is not limited, the refrigerating machine room can be arranged on the top roof of the refrigeration house, the floor area is not occupied, and the land utilization rate is improved. In addition, the embodiment of the utility model adopts the oil-free centrifugal compressor 13, has small vibration and noise and is simple to install.
The first circulation system 10 further comprises a first gas-liquid separator 12, wherein the first gas-liquid separator 12 is provided with a first gas inlet 121, a first liquid inlet 122, a first gas outlet 123 and a first liquid outlet 124, the first gas inlet 121 is communicated with the outlet of the first evaporator 11, the first gas outlet 123 is communicated with the inlet of the oil-free centrifugal compressor 13, the first liquid outlet 124 is communicated with the inlet of the first evaporator 11, and the first liquid inlet 122 is communicated with the outlet of the first liquid reservoir 15.
As shown in fig. 1, the low-temperature liquid carbon dioxide in the first gas-liquid separator 12 is conveyed to the first evaporator 11, the low-temperature liquid carbon dioxide absorbs external heat in the first evaporator 11, gas-liquid two phases exist, the carbon dioxide in the gas-liquid two phases enters the first gas-liquid separator 12 through an outlet of the first evaporator 11 to separate carbon dioxide gas and carbon dioxide liquid, wherein the carbon dioxide liquid enters the first evaporator 11 through a first liquid outlet 124 of the first gas-liquid separator 12 to circulate, the carbon dioxide gas enters the oil-free centrifugal compressor 13 through a first air outlet 123 of the first gas-liquid separator 12, the oil-free centrifugal compressor 13 compresses the carbon dioxide gas into superheated gaseous carbon dioxide under condensation pressure, the superheated gaseous carbon dioxide under condensation pressure enters the cascade heat exchanger 14, the superheated gaseous carbon dioxide under condensation pressure is condensed into carbon dioxide liquid under the action of the first condenser in the cascade heat exchanger 14, the carbon dioxide liquid enters the first liquid reservoir 15 to store, the throttled and depressurized carbon dioxide liquid becomes low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide liquid, and enters the first gas-liquid separator 12 to start the next circulation. The first gas-liquid separator 12 in the embodiment of the present utility model may be a low pressure circulation tank.
The first circulation system 10 further includes a shielding pump 16, where the shielding pump 16 is disposed on a pipeline between the first liquid outlet 124 of the first gas-liquid separator 12 and the inlet of the first evaporator 11, and is used to drive the liquid in the first gas-liquid separator 12 to flow to the first evaporator 11.
The motor and pump of the canned pump 16 are sealed in a pressure vessel filled with the medium to be conveyed, which eliminates the rotary shaft sealing means of conventional centrifugal pumps and thus allows completely leak-free. The canned motor pump 16 is capable of delivering a liquid at a pressure and temperature that does not crystallize or solidify, blocking the delivery of gas.
Specifically, the inlet of the shielding pump 16 is communicated with the first liquid outlet 124 of the first gas-liquid separator 12 through a pipeline, the outlet of the shielding pump 16 is communicated with the inlet of the first evaporator 11 through a pipeline, and the shielding pump 16 can drive the carbon dioxide liquid in the first gas-liquid separator 12 to flow into the first evaporator 11 for heat exchange. At the same time, the shielding pump 16 can prevent the carbon dioxide gas in the first gas-liquid separator 12 from entering the first evaporator 11.
Further, the first circulation system 10 further comprises a first expansion valve 17, the first expansion valve 17 being arranged in the line between the first reservoir 15 and the first gas-liquid separator 12. As shown in fig. 1, the inlet of the first expansion valve 17 is communicated with the outlet of the first liquid reservoir 15 through a pipeline, the outlet of the first expansion valve 17 is communicated with the first liquid inlet 122 of the first gas-liquid separator 12, the first expansion valve 17 is used for adjusting the flow rate and the pressure in the pipeline between the first liquid reservoir 15 and the first gas-liquid separator 12, and the carbon dioxide liquid in the first liquid reservoir 15 can be changed into low-temperature low-pressure carbon dioxide liquid after passing through the first expansion valve 17. The first expansion valve 17 may be a low temperature stage expansion valve.
The outlet of the first reservoir 15 in the embodiment of the utility model is provided with a first filter element to prevent contaminants from entering the first gas-liquid separator 12 with the carbon dioxide liquid.
The first air outlet 123 of the first gas-liquid separator 12 and the first liquid outlet 124 of the first gas-liquid separator 12 are both provided with second filtering elements, so that pollutants are prevented from entering the oil-free centrifugal compressor 13 along with carbon dioxide gas or entering the first evaporator 11 along with carbon dioxide liquid.
The cascade refrigeration system provided by the embodiment of the utility model further comprises a second circulation system 20, the cascade heat exchanger 14 further comprises a second evaporator, the second evaporator is communicated with the second circulation system 20 end to end, namely, the inlet of the second evaporator is communicated with the outlet of the second circulation system 20 through a pipeline, and the outlet of the second evaporator is communicated with the inlet of the second circulation system 20 through a pipeline. The first circulation system 10 and the second circulation system 20 share one cascade heat exchanger 14.
The second circulation system comprises an oil compressor 21, a second condenser 22, a second liquid reservoir 23 and an oil separator 24, wherein an air inlet of the oil compressor 21, an air outlet of the oil compressor 21, an inlet of the oil separator 24, an air outlet of the oil separator 24, the second condenser 22, the second liquid reservoir 23 and an inlet of the second evaporator are sequentially communicated, and an oil outlet of the oil separator 24 is communicated with an oil inlet of the oil compressor 21.
The exhaust end of the hydraulic compressor 21 contains a small amount of lubricating oil particles, and functions as lubrication, cooling, sealing and cleaning in the system.
The refrigerant in the second circulation system 20 may be ammonia or halogenated hydrocarbon or a mixture thereof, and the second circulation system is a high temperature side refrigeration cycle. The low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant in the second liquid reservoir 23 enters the second evaporator to exchange heat, the heat exchange is changed into gas, the gas refrigerant enters the oil compressor 21 to be compressed and condensed, the compressed and condensed gas refrigerant contains oil due to the action of lubricating oil, the oil-containing refrigerant enters the oil separator 24 to be separated, the separated oil enters the oil compressor 21 for recycling through the oil outlet of the oil separator 24 and the oil inlet of the oil compressor 21, the separated gas refrigerant enters the second condenser 22 to be condensed through the air outlet of the oil separator 24 and the inlet of the second condenser 22, the gas refrigerant is converted into the liquid refrigerant, the liquid refrigerant enters the second liquid reservoir 23, the liquid refrigerant in the second liquid reservoir 23 is changed into low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant liquid after being throttled and depressurized, and the liquid refrigerant enters the second evaporator to start the next cycle.
The second circulation system further comprises a second gas-liquid separator 27, the second gas-liquid separator 27 is provided with a second gas inlet 271, a second liquid inlet 272, a second gas outlet 273 and a second liquid outlet 274, the second gas inlet 271 is communicated with the outlet of the second evaporator, the second gas outlet 273 is communicated with the gas inlet of the oil compressor 21, the second liquid outlet 274 is communicated with the inlet of the second evaporator, and the second liquid inlet 272 is communicated with the outlet of the second liquid reservoir 23.
As shown in fig. 1, the low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant in the second gas-liquid separator 27 enters the second evaporator to evaporate, and is changed into gas-liquid two phases after heat exchange, the refrigerant in the gas-liquid two phases enters the second gas-liquid separator 27 to separate refrigerant gas and refrigerant liquid, wherein the refrigerant liquid enters the second evaporator to circulate through a second liquid outlet 274 of the second gas-liquid separator 27, and the refrigerant gas enters the oil compressor 21 to be compressed and condensed through a second air outlet 273 of the second gas-liquid separator 27 and a steam inlet of the oil compressor 21. The gaseous refrigerant compressed and condensed by the oil compressor 21 enters the second condenser 22 to be condensed, so that the gaseous refrigerant is converted into liquid refrigerant, the liquid refrigerant enters the second liquid reservoir 23, the liquid refrigerant in the second liquid reservoir 23 is throttled and depressurized to become low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant liquid, and the low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant liquid enters the second gas-liquid separator 27 through the second liquid inlet 272 to start the next cycle.
The second liquid outlet 274 of the second gas-liquid separator 27 in the embodiment of the present utility model is higher than the inlet of the second evaporator, and the liquid refrigerant in the second gas-liquid separator 27 enters the second evaporator under the action of gravity. In an alternative embodiment, a drive pump is provided between the second gas-liquid separator 27 and the second evaporator, the drive pump being used to drive the liquid refrigerant in the second gas-liquid separator 27 to flow into the second evaporator.
The second circulation system in the embodiment of the utility model further comprises a cooler 25, the cooler 25 is arranged between the oil separator 24 and the oil compressor 21, wherein an inlet of the cooler 25 is communicated with an oil outlet of the oil separator 24 through a pipeline, an outlet of the cooler 25 is communicated with a second inlet of the oil compressor 21 through a pipeline, and the cooler 25 can cool oil separated by the oil separator 24.
The second circulation system 20 further includes a second expansion valve 26, the second expansion valve 26 is disposed on a pipeline between the second liquid reservoir 23 and the second gas-liquid separator 27, an inlet of the second expansion valve 26 is communicated with an outlet of the second liquid reservoir 23, an outlet of the second expansion valve 26 is communicated with a second liquid inlet 272 of the second gas-liquid separator 27, and the second expansion valve 26 is used for adjusting the flow rate and pressure of the refrigerant entering the second gas-liquid separator 27. The second expansion valve 26 may be a high pressure stage expansion valve.
The oil compressor 21 in the embodiment of the present utility model may be a piston compressor or a screw compressor.
The embodiment of the utility model can be applied to a carbon dioxide supercritical cascade refrigeration system.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the present utility model, and not for limiting the same, and although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution described in the above-mentioned embodiments may be modified or some technical features may be equivalently replaced, and these modifications or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solution deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the embodiments of the present utility model.