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CN113946157A - Fixed-point unmanned aerial vehicle landing method and system based on multifunctional identification and positioning - Google Patents

Fixed-point unmanned aerial vehicle landing method and system based on multifunctional identification and positioning Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113946157A
CN113946157A CN202111431486.0A CN202111431486A CN113946157A CN 113946157 A CN113946157 A CN 113946157A CN 202111431486 A CN202111431486 A CN 202111431486A CN 113946157 A CN113946157 A CN 113946157A
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unmanned aerial
aerial vehicle
drone
platform
target
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周东国
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Wuxi Koros Technology Co ltd
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Wuxi Koros Technology Co ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/04Control of altitude or depth
    • G05D1/06Rate of change of altitude or depth
    • G05D1/0607Rate of change of altitude or depth specially adapted for aircraft
    • G05D1/0653Rate of change of altitude or depth specially adapted for aircraft during a phase of take-off or landing
    • G05D1/0676Rate of change of altitude or depth specially adapted for aircraft during a phase of take-off or landing specially adapted for landing

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  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicle positioning, and particularly provides a fixed-point landing unmanned aerial vehicle method and system based on multifunctional identification and positioning, wherein the method comprises S1, an unmanned aerial vehicle receives an automatic return flight instruction of a control end positioned on a platform to be landed, and returns to hover at a first preset distance height above the platform to be landed according to GPS navigation; s2, the unmanned aerial vehicle acquires data information of a lower image in real time through the double cameras and transmits the data information to the control end, and the control end identifies and locks a target on the platform to be landed through a contour extraction method so as to guide the unmanned aerial vehicle to gradually lower; when unmanned aerial vehicle is located the target center top second and predetermines apart from the height, the fixed point is descended to the completion of automatic descending. The fixed point landing of the vehicle-mounted platform or other mobile platforms can be realized by the scheme, the precision is high, the time consumed for landing is short, and the practical use value is wide.

Description

Fixed-point unmanned aerial vehicle landing method and system based on multifunctional identification and positioning
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicle positioning, in particular to a method and a system for landing an unmanned aerial vehicle at a fixed point based on multifunctional identification and positioning.
Background
Unmanned aerial vehicle uses more and more extensively in each trade of real life, and unmanned aerial vehicle is very important in the safe return journey landing after using, mainly realizes through flight control system. The flight control system is equivalent to the heart part of the unmanned aerial vehicle system and is also a core component of the unmanned aerial vehicle. Flight control has important influence to stability of unmanned aerial vehicle, data transmission's reliability, accuracy, real-time etc. all, plays decisive effect to its flight performance.
The current unmanned aerial vehicle positioning system mainly relies on Global Positioning System (GPS) to obtain self position, receives under weather and the influence of geographical environment, and GPS's positioning accuracy is about the meter level, and such precision probably is enough to general task, but to the landing of some fixed point small platform or on-vehicle mobile platform, GPS's precision is unable to realize safe and reliable's landing. The existing unmanned aerial vehicle can not meet the requirements by combining the application scenes and requirements of the unmanned aerial vehicle and simply depending on a GPS to carry out fixed-point landing, and optimization and improvement on a fixed-point landing mode method are needed.
Patent publication is CN211207175U, discloses an autonomic descending system of unmanned aerial vehicle accurate position and direction is patrolled and examined to mine power transmission line, and unmanned aerial vehicle descending system includes raspberry group module, and raspberry group module input is connected with Camera module, IMU module, first GPS module and laser rangefinder module. The unmanned aerial vehicle finds the initial position of the shutdown platform through the first GPS module, and then indicates the position of a landing point to accurately land by combining the LED dot matrix display module acquired by the Camera module. But how to carry out accurate parking is not further detailed, and the parking accuracy cannot be guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of low fixed-point landing precision of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the prior art.
The invention provides a method for landing an unmanned aerial vehicle at a fixed point based on multifunctional identification and positioning, which comprises the following steps:
s1, the unmanned aerial vehicle receives an automatic return flight instruction of a control end on the platform to be landed, and returns to a first preset distance height above the platform to be landed to hover according to GPS navigation;
s2, the unmanned aerial vehicle acquires data information of a lower image in real time through the double cameras and transmits the data information to the control end, and the control end identifies and locks a target on the platform to be landed through a contour extraction method so as to guide the unmanned aerial vehicle to gradually lower; when unmanned aerial vehicle is located the target center top second and predetermines apart from the height, the fixed point is descended to the completion of automatic descending.
Preferably, the communication mode between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the control end specifically includes:
when the distance between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the control end is larger than a preset value, data communication is carried out in a Lora communication mode;
when the distance between unmanned aerial vehicle and the control end is not more than the default, carry out data communication through the wiFi communication mode.
Preferably, the S2 specifically includes:
the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a target image, and acquiring a region boundary through Hough transformation;
step two: detecting whether a rectangular frame exists or not aiming at the region boundary, and if so, obtaining the central position of the rectangular frame;
step three: clustering is carried out on the center position information by a meanshift clustering method, and the category with the largest number in the clusters is obtained and is used as a target center;
step four: the unmanned aerial vehicle flies according to the center of the target until the deviation is smaller than a preset range, and starts to land step by step;
step five: and repeating the first step to the fourth step after landing for one time step by step, monitoring the height of the unmanned aerial vehicle from the target in real time, and automatically landing when the height of the unmanned aerial vehicle from the target is less than a second preset distance height.
Preferably, the third step specifically includes:
and filtering the graph with a small area aiming at the central position information, then filtering out non-convex shapes to obtain polygons, and searching the class which is closest to the center through a clustering method to be used as the target center.
Preferably, the value of the preset range in the third step is 10 cm.
Preferably, the first preset distance height is 5m, and the second preset distance height is 0.5 m.
Preferably, the S1 specifically includes:
the method comprises the steps of adopting a compass and a thermometer to assist GPS positioning, obtaining longitude and latitude information of an airplane, and determining the position of the unmanned aerial vehicle;
measuring the atmospheric pressure of the current position of the unmanned aerial vehicle by using a barometer to obtain flight height information;
an IMU inertia measurement unit comprising a three-axis accelerometer and a three-axis gyroscope is adopted to measure the angular velocity and the acceleration of the airplane in a three-dimensional space, and the real-time attitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle is calculated according to the angular velocity and the acceleration.
The invention also provides a system for realizing the fixed-point unmanned aerial vehicle landing method based on multifunctional identification and positioning, which comprises the following steps:
the system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle and a platform to be landed, wherein the platform to be landed comprises a target and a control end;
the unmanned aerial vehicle receives an automatic return command of a control end on the platform to be landed and returns to hover at a first preset distance height above the platform to be landed according to GPS navigation; the data information of the lower image is acquired in real time through the double cameras and is transmitted to the control end;
the control end identifies and locks the target on the platform to be landed through a contour extraction method so as to guide the unmanned aerial vehicle to gradually lower; when unmanned aerial vehicle is located the target center top second and predetermines apart from the height, the fixed point is descended to the completion of automatic descending.
The invention also provides electronic equipment which comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the processor is used for realizing the steps of the fixed-point unmanned aerial vehicle landing method based on the multifunctional identification and positioning when executing the computer management program stored in the memory.
The invention also provides a computer readable storage medium on which a computer management program is stored, wherein the computer management program realizes the steps of the fixed-point unmanned aerial vehicle landing method based on multifunctional identification and positioning when being executed by a processor.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a fixed-point landing unmanned aerial vehicle method and system based on multifunctional identification and positioning, wherein the method comprises S1, an unmanned aerial vehicle receives an automatic return command of a control end positioned on a platform to be landed, and returns to hover at a first preset distance height above the platform to be landed according to GPS navigation; s2, the unmanned aerial vehicle acquires data information of a lower image in real time through the double cameras and transmits the data information to the control end, and the control end identifies and locks a target on the platform to be landed through a contour extraction method so as to guide the unmanned aerial vehicle to gradually lower; when unmanned aerial vehicle is located the target center top second and predetermines apart from the height, the fixed point is descended to the completion of automatic descending. The fixed point landing of the vehicle-mounted platform or other mobile platforms can be realized by the scheme, the precision is high, the time consumed for landing is short, and the practical use value is wide.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for landing an unmanned aerial vehicle at a fixed point based on multifunctional identification and positioning provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a possible electronic device provided in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a possible computer-readable storage medium provided by the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fixed-point landing unmanned aerial vehicle system based on multifunctional identification and positioning provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method and a system for fixed-point landing of an unmanned aerial vehicle based on multifunctional recognition and positioning, where the method includes S1, where the unmanned aerial vehicle receives an automatic return command from a control end located on a platform to be landed, and returns to hover at a first preset distance height above the platform to be landed according to GPS navigation; s2, the unmanned aerial vehicle acquires data information of a lower image in real time through the double cameras and transmits the data information to the control end, and the control end identifies and locks a target on the platform to be landed through a contour extraction method so as to guide the unmanned aerial vehicle to gradually lower; when unmanned aerial vehicle is located the target center top second and predetermines apart from the height, the fixed point is descended to the completion of automatic descending. The fixed point landing of the vehicle-mounted platform or other mobile platforms can be realized by the scheme, the precision is high, the time consumed for landing is short, and the practical use value is wide.
The specific operation steps are as follows:
1. the control end sends an unmanned aerial vehicle return command, and the unmanned aerial vehicle returns to the mobile small platform to be landed or the vehicle-mounted platform to hover at a height of about 5 meters above the platform according to GPS navigation.
2. The unmanned aerial vehicle obtains the auxiliary landing target of the unmanned aerial vehicle through a contour extraction method, fits polygons, gathers the polygons into one class through similarity, and matches and identifies the target of the landing platform.
3. After the target is identified and locked, the interference of noise and the like is avoided, the graph with smaller filtering area is needed, then the non-convex graph is filtered, the obtained quadrangle is obtained, the class with the nearest center distance is searched by a clustering method, and the unmanned aerial vehicle is gradually lowered.
4. On the basis of multiple wireless communication assistance in a short distance, when the target is close to the center of the target by 0.5m, the target automatically descends to finish fixed-point descending.
The contour extraction method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: obtaining a target image, and obtaining a region boundary through Hough transformation
Step two: detecting whether a rectangular frame exists or not aiming at the boundary of the region, and if so, obtaining the central position of the rectangular frame
Step three: clustering is carried out on the information of the central position point by a meanshift clustering method, the category with the largest number in the clusters is obtained and is used as the target center
Step four: the drone flies in accordance with the target centre until the deviation is less than a certain range, for example 10 cm.
Step five: and (4) detecting the height of the unmanned aerial vehicle, starting landing when the height is higher than 0.5m, and continuing to execute the step one.
The Bluetooth of the flight control end is used for short-distance auxiliary communication; the GPS module of the unmanned aerial vehicle flight control end is used for space positioning of the unmanned aerial vehicle; a compass thermometer and the like of the flight control end of the unmanned aerial vehicle are used for GPS auxiliary positioning, so that longitude and latitude information of the aircraft is obtained, and the position of the unmanned aerial vehicle is determined; the barometer at the flight control end of the unmanned aerial vehicle is used for measuring the current atmospheric pressure and acquiring the altitude information of the aircraft; the IMU inertia measurement unit of the unmanned aerial vehicle flight control end comprises a three-axis accelerometer and a three-axis gyroscope, and is used for measuring the angular velocity and the acceleration of the aircraft in a three-dimensional space and calculating the attitude of an object according to the angular velocity and the acceleration.
Wherein, the microcontroller of the flight control end is a Pixhawk4 flight controller; the visual image processing system of the unmanned aerial vehicle flight control end is used for machine vision tracking and landing landmark identification, the machine vision is bionic simulation in the process of observing objects by human eyes, the two cameras are used for collecting and identifying images, and the distance of a target is judged according to distance measurement; and the image sending module of the unmanned aerial vehicle flight control end sends flight image video data. And finally, the image video data is transmitted to the control end and then is processed and analyzed, and then according to the result, the control end controls the unmanned aerial vehicle to further land. The Lora communication module of the flight control end is used for the unmanned aerial vehicle to communicate remotely; the WiFi communication module of the unmanned aerial vehicle flight control end is used for short-distance landing auxiliary communication in the unmanned aerial vehicle, and landing precision and real-time control are improved.
The Bluetooth of the flight control end is used for short-distance auxiliary communication; the GPS module of the unmanned aerial vehicle flight control end is used for space positioning of the unmanned aerial vehicle; a compass, a thermometer and the like of the flight control end of the unmanned aerial vehicle are used for GPS auxiliary positioning, so that longitude and latitude information of the aircraft is obtained, and the position of the unmanned aerial vehicle is determined; the barometer at the flight control end of the unmanned aerial vehicle is used for measuring the current atmospheric pressure and acquiring the altitude information of the aircraft; the IMU inertia measurement unit of the unmanned aerial vehicle flight control end comprises a three-axis accelerometer and a three-axis gyroscope, and is used for measuring the angular velocity and the acceleration of the aircraft in a three-dimensional space and calculating the attitude of an object according to the angular velocity and the acceleration.
The router of the control end is mainly used for communication control data interaction and transmission of image video data of the unmanned aerial vehicle; the raspberry group at the unmanned aerial vehicle control end is mainly used for processing image data of the unmanned aerial vehicle; the image receiver of the unmanned aerial vehicle control end is mainly used for receiving and transmitting unmanned aerial vehicle image data.
As shown in fig. 4, the present invention further provides a system for implementing a method for landing a drone at a fixed point based on multifunctional recognition and positioning, including:
the system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle and a platform to be landed, wherein the platform to be landed comprises a target and a control end;
the unmanned aerial vehicle receives an automatic return command of a control end on the platform to be landed and returns to hover at a first preset distance height above the platform to be landed according to GPS navigation; the data information of the lower image is acquired in real time through the double cameras and is transmitted to the control end;
the control end identifies and locks the target on the platform to be landed through a contour extraction method so as to guide the unmanned aerial vehicle to gradually lower; when unmanned aerial vehicle is located the target center top second and predetermines apart from the height, the fixed point is descended to the completion of automatic descending.
Specifically, the flight control end comprises a microcontroller, a visual image processing module, an image sending module, a WiFi communication module, a Lora communication module, Bluetooth, a GPS module, a compass and the like. The microcontroller of the flight control end is a Pixhawk4 flight controller; the visual image processing system of the unmanned aerial vehicle flight control end is used for machine vision tracking and landing landmark identification, the machine vision is bionic simulation in the process of observing objects by human eyes, the two cameras are used for collecting and identifying images, and the distance of a target is judged according to distance measurement; and the image sending module of the unmanned aerial vehicle flight control end sends flight image video data. The Lora communication module of the flight control end is used for the unmanned aerial vehicle to communicate remotely; the WiFi communication module of the unmanned aerial vehicle flight control end is used for short-distance landing auxiliary communication in the unmanned aerial vehicle, and landing precision and real-time control are improved. The Bluetooth of the flight control end is used for short-distance auxiliary communication; the GPS module of the unmanned aerial vehicle flight control end is used for space positioning of the unmanned aerial vehicle; a compass thermometer and the like of the flight control end of the unmanned aerial vehicle are used for GPS auxiliary positioning, so that longitude and latitude information of the aircraft is obtained, and the position of the unmanned aerial vehicle is determined; the barometer at the flight control end of the unmanned aerial vehicle is used for measuring the current atmospheric pressure and acquiring the altitude information of the aircraft; the IMU inertia measurement unit of the unmanned aerial vehicle flight control end comprises a three-axis accelerometer and a three-axis gyroscope, and is used for measuring the angular velocity and the acceleration of the aircraft in a three-dimensional space and calculating the attitude of an object according to the angular velocity and the acceleration.
The control end is installed on the mobile platform and comprises a main control unit, a router, a Lora communication module, a raspberry group, an image receiving machine and the like. The main controller of the control end is an STM32F407 chip system and serves as a server center of the control end of the unmanned aerial vehicle; the router of the unmanned aerial vehicle control end is mainly used for communication control data interaction and transmission of unmanned aerial vehicle image video data; the raspberry group at the unmanned aerial vehicle control end is mainly used for processing image data of the unmanned aerial vehicle; the image receiver of the unmanned aerial vehicle control end is mainly used for receiving and transmitting unmanned aerial vehicle image data.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, which includes a memory 1310, a processor 1320, and a computer program 1311 stored in the memory 1310 and executable on the processor 1320, where the processor 1320 executes the computer program 1311 to implement the following steps: s1, the unmanned aerial vehicle receives an automatic return flight instruction of a control end on the platform to be landed, and returns to a first preset distance height above the platform to be landed to hover according to GPS navigation;
s2, the unmanned aerial vehicle acquires data information of a lower image in real time through the double cameras and transmits the data information to the control end, and the control end identifies and locks a target on the platform to be landed through a contour extraction method so as to guide the unmanned aerial vehicle to gradually lower; when unmanned aerial vehicle is located the target center top second and predetermines apart from the height, the fixed point is descended to the completion of automatic descending.
Please refer to fig. 3, which is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a computer-readable storage medium according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the present embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium 1400, on which a computer program 1411 is stored, which computer program 1411, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of: s1, the unmanned aerial vehicle receives an automatic return flight instruction of a control end on the platform to be landed, and returns to a first preset distance height above the platform to be landed to hover according to GPS navigation;
s2, the unmanned aerial vehicle acquires data information of a lower image in real time through the double cameras and transmits the data information to the control end, and the control end identifies and locks a target on the platform to be landed through a contour extraction method so as to guide the unmanned aerial vehicle to gradually lower; when unmanned aerial vehicle is located the target center top second and predetermines apart from the height, the fixed point is descended to the completion of automatic descending.
Has the advantages that:
(1) automatic back sailing of unmanned aerial vehicle: the control end part adopts STM32F407 as a main control server, and is the core for controlling the whole unmanned aerial vehicle. The communication of unmanned aerial vehicle and server adopts long-range communication mode in the Lora, carries GPS and compass simultaneously, and the unmanned aerial vehicle of being convenient for is automatic according to GPS and back a journey.
(2) Unmanned aerial vehicle fixed point descends: when the unmanned aerial vehicle is close to the vehicle-mounted server, the unmanned aerial vehicle is automatically identified through WiFi communication, the unmanned aerial vehicle is guided to be accurately close to the landmark representing pattern, accurate landing is achieved under the combination of auxiliary communication and a vision identification system, and errors are controllable in centimeter level.
(3) Data real-time transmission: the image collected by the unmanned aerial vehicle is sent to an image receiver in the cabin through an image sender, the image receiver obtains the image and then converts the image into RTSP image flow through a raspberry dispatching system, the server is matched with an existing vehicle-mounted image communication interface, and the image flow can be obtained in real time and uploaded to a control end to be subjected to image data processing.
(4) And (3) monitoring the state in real time: through multiple communication means and sensor detection, the unmanned aerial vehicle flight state of accurate control.
It should be noted that, in the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and reference may be made to relevant descriptions of other embodiments for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (10)

1.一种基于多功能识别定位的定点降落无人机方法,其特征在于,包括:1. a fixed-point landing drone method based on multifunctional identification and positioning, is characterized in that, comprising: S1,无人机接收位于待降落平台上的控制端的自动返航指令,并根据GPS导航返回待降落平台上空的第一预设距离高度处悬停;S1, the drone receives an automatic return command from the control terminal on the platform to be landed, and returns to hover at a first preset distance altitude above the platform to be landed according to GPS navigation; S2,无人机通过双摄像头实时获取下方图像数据信息,并传输至控制端,控制端通过轮廓提取方法识别锁定待降落平台上的标靶,以引导无人机逐步降低;当无人机位于标靶中心上方第二预设距离高度时,自动降落完成定点降落。S2, the drone obtains the image data information below in real time through the dual cameras, and transmits it to the control terminal. The control terminal uses the contour extraction method to identify and lock the target on the platform to be landed, so as to guide the drone to gradually lower; At the second preset distance above the center of the target, it will automatically land and complete the fixed-point landing. 2.根据权利要求1所述的基于多功能识别定位的定点降落无人机方法,其特征在于,所述无人机与所述控制端之间的通信方式具体包括:2. The fixed-point landing drone method based on multifunctional identification and positioning according to claim 1, wherein the communication mode between the drone and the control terminal specifically comprises: 当无人机与控制端之间的距离大于预设值时,通过Lora通信方式进行数据交流;When the distance between the drone and the control terminal is greater than the preset value, data exchange is carried out through Lora communication; 当无人机与控制端之间的距离不大于预设值时,通过WiFi通信方式进行数据交流。When the distance between the drone and the control terminal is not greater than the preset value, data exchange is carried out through WiFi communication. 3.根据权利要求1所述的基于多功能识别定位的定点降落无人机方法,其特征在于,所述S2具体包括:3. The fixed-point landing drone method based on multifunctional identification and positioning according to claim 1, wherein the S2 specifically comprises: 步骤一:获取标靶图像,通过Hough变换,获得区域边界;Step 1: Obtain the target image and obtain the region boundary through Hough transform; 步骤二:针对区域边界,检测是否存在矩形框,如果存在,获得矩形框的中心位置;Step 2: For the area boundary, detect whether there is a rectangular frame, and if so, obtain the center position of the rectangular frame; 步骤三:针对中心位置信息,通过meanshift聚类方法,进行聚类,获取聚类中个数最多的类别,将其作为标靶中心;Step 3: According to the center position information, perform clustering through the meanshift clustering method, obtain the category with the largest number of clusters, and use it as the target center; 步骤四:无人机按照标靶中心飞行,直至偏差小于预设范围,开始逐步降落;Step 4: The drone flies according to the center of the target until the deviation is less than the preset range, and starts to land gradually; 步骤五:每逐步降落一次后再重复步骤一至步骤四,并实时监测无人机距离标靶的高度,当无人机距离标靶的高度小于第二预设距离高度时,则自动降落。Step 5: Repeat steps 1 to 4 after each landing step by step, and monitor the height of the drone from the target in real time. When the height of the drone from the target is less than the second preset distance, it will automatically land. 4.根据权利要求3所述的基于多功能识别定位的定点降落无人机方法,其特征在于,所述步骤三具体包括:4. The fixed-point landing drone method based on multifunctional identification and positioning according to claim 3, wherein the step 3 specifically comprises: 针对中心位置信息,过滤面积较小的图形,然后再过滤掉非凸形得到多边形,再通过聚类方法寻找离中心距离最近的一类作为标靶中心。According to the center position information, the graph with a small area is filtered, and then the non-convex shape is filtered out to obtain a polygon, and then the clustering method is used to find the class with the closest distance from the center as the target center. 5.根据权利要求3所述的基于多功能识别定位的定点降落无人机方法,其特征在于,所述步骤三中预设范围的值为10cm。5 . The fixed-point landing drone method based on multifunctional identification and positioning according to claim 3 , wherein the value of the preset range in the step 3 is 10 cm. 6 . 6.根据权利要求1所述的基于多功能识别定位的定点降落无人机方法,其特征在于,所述第一预设距离高度为5m,所述第二预设距离高度为0.5m。6 . The fixed-point landing drone method based on multifunctional identification and positioning according to claim 1 , wherein the first preset distance height is 5m, and the second preset distance height is 0.5m. 7 . 7.根据权利要求1所述的基于多功能识别定位的定点降落无人机方法,其特征在于,所述S1具体包括:7. The fixed-point landing drone method based on multifunctional identification and positioning according to claim 1, wherein the S1 specifically comprises: 采用指南针及温度计辅助GPS定位,获取飞机的经纬度信息,确定无人机的位置;Use compass and thermometer to assist GPS positioning, obtain the latitude and longitude information of the aircraft, and determine the position of the drone; 采用气压计测量无人机当前位置大气压,获取飞行高度信息;Use a barometer to measure the atmospheric pressure at the current location of the drone to obtain flight altitude information; 采用IMU惯性测量单元,包含一个三轴加速度计和一个三轴陀螺仪,测量飞机在三维空间中的角速度和加速度,并以此解算出无人机的实时姿态。The IMU inertial measurement unit is used, including a three-axis accelerometer and a three-axis gyroscope, to measure the angular velocity and acceleration of the aircraft in three-dimensional space, and to calculate the real-time attitude of the UAV. 8.一种用于实现如权利要求1-7任一项所述的基于多功能识别定位的定点降落无人机方法的系统,其特征在于,包括:8. A system for realizing the fixed-point landing drone method based on multifunctional identification and positioning as claimed in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, comprising: 无人机及待降落平台,所述待降落平台包含靶标及控制端;A drone and a platform to be landed, the platform to be landed includes a target and a control terminal; 所述无人机接收位于待降落平台上的控制端的自动返航指令,根据GPS导航返回待降落平台上空的第一预设距离高度处悬停;并通过双摄像头实时获取下方图像数据信息,并传输至控制端;The unmanned aerial vehicle receives an automatic return command from the control terminal on the platform to be landed, and returns to hover at a first preset distance altitude above the platform to be landed according to GPS navigation; and obtains the image data information below in real time through dual cameras, and transmits to the control terminal; 所述控制端通过轮廓提取方法识别锁定待降落平台上的标靶,以引导无人机逐步降低;当无人机位于标靶中心上方第二预设距离高度时,自动降落完成定点降落。The control end identifies and locks the target on the platform to be landed by the contour extraction method, so as to guide the UAV to gradually lower; when the UAV is located at a second preset distance above the center of the target, it will automatically land and complete the fixed-point landing. 9.一种电子设备,其特征在于,包括存储器、处理器,所述处理器用于执行存储器中存储的计算机管理类程序时实现如权利要求1-7任一项所述的基于多功能识别定位的定点降落无人机方法的步骤。9. An electronic device, characterized in that, comprising a memory, a processor, and the processor is used to implement the multi-function identification and positioning based on any one of claims 1-7 when the processor is used to execute a computer management class program stored in the memory. The steps of the fixed point landing drone method. 10.一种计算机可读存储介质,其特征在于,其上存储有计算机管理类程序,所述计算机管理类程序被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1-7任一项所述的基于多功能识别定位的定点降落无人机方法的步骤。10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, a computer management class program is stored thereon, and when the computer management class program is executed by a processor, the multi-function based multi-function system according to any one of claims 1-7 is realized when the computer management class program is executed by a processor. Identify the steps of a fixed-point landing drone method for localization.
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