CN113871878A - A Four-beam Frequency Scanning Leaky-Wave Antenna - Google Patents
A Four-beam Frequency Scanning Leaky-Wave Antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN113871878A CN113871878A CN202111204783.1A CN202111204783A CN113871878A CN 113871878 A CN113871878 A CN 113871878A CN 202111204783 A CN202111204783 A CN 202111204783A CN 113871878 A CN113871878 A CN 113871878A
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/22—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation in accordance with variation of frequency of radiated wave
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/002—Protection against seismic waves, thermal radiation or other disturbances, e.g. nuclear explosion; Arrangements for improving the power handling capability of an antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/22—Longitudinal slot in boundary wall of waveguide or transmission line
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种四波束的频率扫描漏波天线，其工作在毫米波段，由上、下金属面板、介质层和金属管构成。结合周期正弦阻抗调制理论与人工表面等离子体激元技术，通过在介质集成波导表面周期性开槽，激发传输电磁波的高次谐波，向外产生定向辐射，实现目标探测。对于四周期的正弦阻抗调制，在一定的工作频率内，可实现电磁波在四个方向上的同时扫描。另外，在介质集成波导背面也同样开槽，使上下两部分朝馈源方向的辐射互相抵消，减少了向馈源方向的能量泄露，有效地抑制了禁带效应，最终实现边射。相对于传统频率扫描天线，本发明天线具有易加工、多波束、高频带利用率和边射等特点。
The invention discloses a four-beam frequency scanning leaky wave antenna, which works in the millimeter wave band and is composed of upper and lower metal panels, a dielectric layer and a metal tube. Combined with the periodic sinusoidal impedance modulation theory and artificial surface plasmon technology, through periodic grooves on the surface of the dielectric integrated waveguide, the high-order harmonics of the transmitted electromagnetic waves are excited, and directional radiation is generated outwards to achieve target detection. For four-cycle sinusoidal impedance modulation, within a certain operating frequency, the simultaneous scanning of electromagnetic waves in four directions can be achieved. In addition, the backside of the dielectric integrated waveguide is also slotted, so that the radiation of the upper and lower parts towards the feed direction cancels each other, reduces the energy leakage towards the feed source, effectively suppresses the band gap effect, and finally achieves edge emission. Compared with the traditional frequency scanning antenna, the antenna of the present invention has the characteristics of easy processing, multi-beam, high frequency band utilization rate, side-fire and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave, wireless communication and test simulation, in particular to a four-beam frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna based on periodic sinusoidal impedance modulation.
Background
A frequency scanning antenna, an antenna for realizing beam scanning by controlling feeding frequency. Compared with the traditional mechanical scanning antenna, the antenna has the advantages of easiness in processing, low cost and the like. Artificial surface plasmon is a phenomenon that occurs when electromagnetic waves interact with a metal surface, and in this case, the electromagnetic waves are tightly bound to the metal surface and propagate along the metal surface.
A leaky-wave antenna based on artificial surface plasmon polariton is one of frequency scanning antennas. According to the sine impedance modulation theory, directional radiation of wave beams can be realized by periodically slotting on the surface of the dielectric integrated waveguide; with the change of frequency, the continuous scanning of the beam in space can be realized.
Because the antenna often does not have the capability of multi-target detection, a better scanning leaky-wave antenna is urgently needed in order to improve the channel capacity of the antenna and realize the function of multi-target detection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a four-beam frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna, which is periodically slotted on a dielectric integrated waveguide according to a periodic sinusoidal impedance modulation theory, realizes simultaneous scanning of four beams and effectively reduces the working bandwidth of the antenna. It has the features of easy processing, multiple beam, high frequency band utilization, side emitting, etc. The channel capacity of the antenna is improved, and the multi-target detection capability is realized.
The specific technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a four-beam frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna is characterized in that: the metal tube-type solar cell comprises a top metal panel, a medium substrate, a bottom metal panel and a metal tube, wherein the top metal panel, the medium substrate, the bottom metal panel and the metal tube are all arranged in the same rectangular coordinate system; wherein:
the top metal panel is rectangular, a rectangular coordinate system is established by taking the center of a short side of the rectangle as an origin, taking the long side direction as an X axis, taking the short side direction as a Y axis and taking the direction vertical to the rectangle as a Z axis; the top metal panel is divided into a first quadrant and a fourth quadrant by a rectangular coordinate system; the top metal panel is provided with a symmetrical area which is formed by connecting a middle straight line and two ends in a Y shape, wherein the middle straight line is formed by taking a plurality of through holes as sides, and the middle part of the symmetrical area is provided with a long and narrow array which is formed by a plurality of gaps with different lengths; gradually changing slits are formed inwards at the upper parts of the Y shapes at the two ends of the symmetrical area;
the dielectric substrate is rectangular and has the same length and width as the top metal panel; the medium substrate is provided with a symmetrical area which is the same with the top metal panel in size and shape and is formed by connecting a middle straight line and two ends in a Y shape, wherein the middle straight line is formed by taking a plurality of through holes as edges;
the bottom metal panel is rectangular and has the same length and width as the dielectric substrate; the bottom metal panel is provided with a symmetrical area which has the same size and shape with the top metal panel and is formed by connecting a middle straight line and two ends in a Y shape, wherein the middle straight line is formed by taking a plurality of through holes as edges; a long and narrow array which is the same as the top metal panel in size and shape and consists of a plurality of slits with different lengths is arranged in the middle of the symmetrical area; slotted holes with isosceles triangles are respectively arranged on the Y shapes at the two ends of the symmetrical area;
the metal tubes penetrate through the through holes on the dielectric substrate to form the sides of the symmetrical regions, and are respectively inserted into the through holes on the top metal panel and the bottom metal panel to form the sides of the symmetrical regions, so that the top metal panel, the dielectric substrate and the bottom metal panel are bonded into a whole;
and the two ends of the top metal panel, the medium substrate and the bottom metal panel are symmetrically and respectively provided with a test fixing hole.
The slit array is an impedance modulation area; the lower parts of the Y-shapes at the two ends are coplanar waveguides for feeding, and a transition structure is arranged between the impedance modulation region and the coplanar waveguides for feeding, namely the upper parts of the Y-shapes.
The dielectric substrate is made of a Rojers Ro4003C high-frequency material plate, and the top metal panel and the bottom metal panel are made of metal copper plates.
The invention has the advantages of
Compared with the traditional frequency scanning antenna, the antenna has the characteristics of easy processing, multi-beam, high-frequency band utilization rate, edge radiation and the like. Therefore, the method can be popularized and applied to future 5G and 6G communication systems to expand the utilization rate of frequency spectrum, improve the capacity of communication channels and improve the data transmission efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the top metal panel of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a dielectric substrate according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a bottom metal panel according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating directions of four beams radiated by the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the four-beam frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna of the invention includes a top metal panel 1, a dielectric substrate 2, a bottom metal panel 3 and a metal tube 4, wherein the top metal panel 1, the dielectric substrate 2, the bottom metal panel 3 and the metal tube 4 are all arranged in the same rectangular coordinate system; wherein:
the top metal panel 1 is rectangular, a rectangular coordinate system is established by taking the center of a short side of the rectangle as an origin, taking the long side direction as an X axis, taking the short side direction as a Y axis and taking the direction vertical to the rectangle as a Z axis; the top metal panel 1 is divided into a first quadrant and a fourth quadrant by a rectangular coordinate system; a symmetrical area 11 formed by connecting a middle straight line and two ends in a Y shape, which are formed by taking a plurality of through holes as sides, is arranged on the top metal panel 1, and a long and narrow array 12 formed by a plurality of gaps with different lengths is arranged in the middle of the symmetrical area 11; the upper parts of the Y shapes at the two ends of the symmetrical region 11 are inwards provided with gradual change slits 14;
the dielectric substrate 2 is rectangular and has the same length and width as the top metal panel 1; a symmetrical area 21 which is identical to the top metal panel 1 in size and shape and formed by connecting a middle straight line and two ends in a Y shape is arranged on the medium substrate 2, wherein the middle straight line is formed by taking a plurality of through holes as edges;
the bottom metal panel 3 is rectangular and has the same length and width as the dielectric substrate 1; the bottom metal panel 3 is provided with a symmetrical area 31 which has the same size and shape with the top metal panel 1 and is formed by connecting a middle straight line and two ends in a Y shape, wherein the middle straight line is formed by taking a plurality of through holes as edges; a long and narrow array 32 which is the same as the top metal panel 1 in size and shape and consists of a plurality of slits with different lengths is arranged in the middle of the symmetrical area 31; slotted holes 33 with isosceles triangles are respectively arranged on the Y shapes at the two ends of the symmetrical region 32;
the metal tubes 4 penetrate through the through holes forming the symmetrical region edges on the dielectric substrate 2 and are respectively inserted into the through holes forming the symmetrical region edges on the top metal panel 1 and the bottom metal panel 2, and the top metal panel 1, the dielectric substrate 2 and the bottom metal panel 3 are attached into a whole;
two ends of the top metal panel 1 are symmetrically provided with test fixing holes 13 respectively; two ends of the medium substrate 2 are symmetrically provided with test fixing holes 22 respectively; the two ends of the bottom metal panel 3 are symmetrically provided with test fixing holes 34 respectively.
The elongated array is an impedance modulation region; the lower parts of the Y-shapes at the two ends are coplanar waveguides for feeding, and a transition structure is arranged between the anti-modulation region and the coplanar waveguides for feeding, namely the upper parts of the Y-shapes.
Examples
The antenna of the present embodiment includes a top metal panel 1, a dielectric substrate 2, a bottom metal panel 3, and a metal tube 4. The antenna can be divided into two parts: the antenna feed part is formed by feeding coplanar waveguide and a transition structure, namely a Y shape at two ends of the antenna; the other is an impedance modulation area on the surface of the dielectric integrated waveguide.
The antenna feed part adopts a coplanar waveguide-transition structure. A trapezoidal transition structure is adopted at the joint of the coplanar waveguide and the dielectric integrated waveguide to reduce the reflection of electromagnetic waves during waveguide transition. The height c of the trapezoid transition structure is 10.00mm, and the opening Scy of the lower bottom of the trapezoid, namely the Y-shaped upper part is 6.50 mm; in order to improve the mode matching degree of the electromagnetic waves in the waveguide, an isosceles triangular slot 33 is arranged at the transition structure;
the two ends of the long and narrow array 12 are respectively provided with 4 gradual change gaps inwards, the heights of the gradual change gaps are sequentially h 1-1.0 mm, h 2-1.5 mm, h 3-2.0 mm and h 4-2.5 mm, the gradual change gaps are favorable for matching of the coplanar waveguide and the dielectric integrated waveguide, and the side lobe of antenna radiation can be effectively reduced. The middle part is 265 sinusoidal impedance modulation gaps with four periods, which can excite the higher harmonics of the electromagnetic wave transmitted on the gaps, and realize the outward radiation of four beams.
The distribution of the impedance value of the impedance modulation region can be calculated by the following formula.
Formula for sinusoidal impedance modulation:
formula (1) is a theoretical single-beam sinusoidal impedance modulation formula. Wherein, aiThe modulation coefficients in front of the corresponding sinusoidal modulation function are used for adjusting the energy proportion of each beam. XsIs the average surface impedance, M is the modulation factor, diIs the modulation period.
Then, the values of the parameters in (1) are calculated by formula (2), and the beam radiation direction is determined.
In the formula (2), θ is the radiation angle of the beam, d is the modulation period, and k0Is the wave vector, beta, of an electromagnetic wave in free space0As intermediate parameters for solving for Xs. Where θ is-30 ° and k0β can be determined from 628(30Ghz) and 3.2mm0＝1649.5。
The single gap impedance calculation formula is shown in formula (3)
Let kx＝β0Finding Xs＝2.43。
The modulation factor M is taken to be 0.4, so that the sinusoidal impedance modulation function of the single beam is determined.
According to the multi-beam sine impedance modulation theory, four-beam sine modulation functions are obtained by adding single-beam sine modulation functions in four different directions
To realize radiation in four different directions, d is taken1＝3.2mm、d2＝3.01mm、d3＝3.47mm、d4＝3.81mm，a1＝a2＝a3＝a4＝0.25。
And finally, obtaining the length of the unit gap and the impedance value represented by the unit gap through electromagnetic simulation analysis of the unit gap structure dispersion diagram, and periodically slotting on the medium integrated waveguide by referring to a four-beam sine impedance theoretical formula (4) to realize the four-cycle sine impedance modulation on the substrate integrated waveguide.
Through the above implementation processes, a four-beam leaky-wave antenna with a total length L of 148.20mm, a width W of 25.00mm and a thickness T of 1.5mm is finally obtained.
The test results show that: as shown in fig. 5, when the frequency varies from 27.9GHz to 29.1GHz, four beams perform spatial electromagnetic wave scanning, wherein the scanning angle of each beam is: the first wave beam can realize the wave beam scanning of-63 degrees to-30 degrees, the second wave beam can realize the wave beam scanning of-39 degrees to-16 degrees, the third wave beam can realize the wave beam scanning of-20 degrees to-2 degrees, the fourth wave beam can realize the wave beam scanning of-3 degrees to 17 degrees, and after the wave beam scanning is overlapped, the scanning range of 80 degrees can be realized. The gain of each beam is above 5dB and has the capability of side emission.
Claims (3)
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| CN202111204783.1A CN113871878B (en) | 2021-10-15 | 2021-10-15 | A four-beam frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna |
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| CN202111204783.1A CN113871878B (en) | 2021-10-15 | 2021-10-15 | A four-beam frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna |
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| CN113871878B CN113871878B (en) | 2025-02-11 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105720376A (en) * | 2016-02-15 | 2016-06-29 | 北京交通大学 | Leaky-wave antenna and beam forming method based on same |
| US20170062943A1 (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2017-03-02 | Drexel University | Miniaturized Reconfigurable CRLH Metamaterial Leaky-Wave Antenna Using Complementary Split-Ring Resonators |
| JP2017152878A (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2017-08-31 | 国立大学法人京都工芸繊維大学 | Antenna device |
| CN110233334A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-09-13 | 电子科技大学 | The horizontal polarization leaky-wave antenna of mirror image Medium Wave Guide is integrated based on substrate |
| CN112436268A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-03-02 | 华东师范大学 | Dual-beam frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna |
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2021
- 2021-10-15 CN CN202111204783.1A patent/CN113871878B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20170062943A1 (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2017-03-02 | Drexel University | Miniaturized Reconfigurable CRLH Metamaterial Leaky-Wave Antenna Using Complementary Split-Ring Resonators |
| CN105720376A (en) * | 2016-02-15 | 2016-06-29 | 北京交通大学 | Leaky-wave antenna and beam forming method based on same |
| JP2017152878A (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2017-08-31 | 国立大学法人京都工芸繊維大学 | Antenna device |
| CN110233334A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-09-13 | 电子科技大学 | The horizontal polarization leaky-wave antenna of mirror image Medium Wave Guide is integrated based on substrate |
| CN112436268A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-03-02 | 华东师范大学 | Dual-beam frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| ANIRBAN SARKAR ET AL.: "SIW-Based Quad-Beam Leaky-Wave Antenna With Polarization Diversity for Four-Quadrant Scanning Applications", 《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION》, vol. 66, no. 8, 23 May 2018 (2018-05-23), pages 3919 * |
| MOHAMMAD REZA RAHIMI ET AL.: "Multi-Band Multi-Beam Higher-Order Space Harmonics-Enabled Leaky-Wave Antennas", 《2020 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION AND NORTH AMERICAN RADIO SCIENCE MEETING》, 17 February 2021 (2021-02-17), pages 409 * |
| 彭臻等: "基于人工表面等离子体激元的毫米波高扫描率四波束漏波天线", 《红外与毫米波学报》, vol. 42, no. 2, 15 April 2023 (2023-04-15) * |
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