CN113559721A - Preparation method of electrostatic spinning seawater desalination membrane with self-floating structure - Google Patents
Preparation method of electrostatic spinning seawater desalination membrane with self-floating structure Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000010041 electrostatic spinning Methods 0.000 title claims description 47
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001523 electrospinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000143432 Daldinia concentrica Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
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- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 37
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- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 3
- VLDPXPPHXDGHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-dichlorophosphoryloxybenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1OP(Cl)(Cl)=O VLDPXPPHXDGHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0079—Manufacture of membranes comprising organic and inorganic components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
- B01D61/364—Membrane distillation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/447—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by membrane distillation
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
- D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
- D01D5/0076—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the collecting device, e.g. drum, wheel, endless belt, plate or grid
- D01D5/0084—Coating by electro-spinning, i.e. the electro-spun fibres are not removed from the collecting device but remain integral with it, e.g. coating of prostheses
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
- D04H1/728—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by electro-spinning
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- B01D2325/22—Thermal or heat-resistance properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
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- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
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- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有自漂浮结构的静电纺海水淡化膜的制备方法，包括聚苯乙烯纺丝液的制备、掺杂碳材料的聚丙烯腈纺丝液的制备、掺杂碳材料的聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜的制备，聚苯乙烯纳米纤维膜的制备，通过制备得到具有自漂浮结构的静电纺海水淡化膜，并通过结合碳材料和太阳能海水淡化技术，实现在海水淡化过程中的膜的自支撑，实现海水淡化膜可循环利用，运输方便的效果；并利用碳材料的高传热性能和热导率，把太阳光转换为海水淡化所需要的热能，在膜表面形成局部高温，达到提高海水淡化效率的目的。所制备的具有自漂浮结构的静电纺海水淡化膜具有可自支撑，质量轻，海水淡化效率高。
The invention discloses a preparation method of an electrospinning seawater desalination membrane with a self-floating structure, including the preparation of polystyrene spinning solution, the preparation of polyacrylonitrile spinning solution doped with carbon materials, the preparation of polyacrylonitrile spinning solution doped with carbon materials, and the The preparation of acrylonitrile nanofiber membrane, the preparation of polystyrene nanofiber membrane, the electrospinning seawater desalination membrane with self-floating structure is obtained by preparing, and the membrane in the process of seawater desalination is realized by combining carbon materials and solar seawater desalination technology It is self-supporting and realizes the effect that the seawater desalination membrane can be recycled and transported conveniently; and the high heat transfer performance and thermal conductivity of carbon materials are used to convert sunlight into the heat energy required for seawater desalination, forming a local high temperature on the surface of the membrane. To achieve the purpose of improving the efficiency of seawater desalination. The prepared electrospinning seawater desalination membrane with a self-floating structure is self-supporting, light in weight and high in seawater desalination efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of functional membranes, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an electrostatic spinning seawater desalination membrane with a self-floating structure.
Background
Fresh water is one of basic substances which depend on the survival and development of human society, and the total amount of fresh water in the ocean accounts for 97 percent of the total amount of the earth at present. However, seawater is not suitable for agricultural irrigation, nor can it be used directly as domestic and industrial water. Therefore, a suitable route is needed to desalinate seawater. The existing seawater desalination methods can be divided into direct methods and indirect methods, the common seawater desalination methods mainly comprise multi-stage evaporation, multi-effect distillation, a reverse osmosis membrane method and the like, and a large amount of conventional energy is lost in the process of the methods for producing fresh water, so that a more serious energy problem is caused.
Electrostatic spinning is a preparation method for preparing polymer-based fiber products, and means that spinning solution (polymer melt or polymer solution) receives electrostatic field force action in a high-voltage electrostatic field, and fibers fall on a fiber receiver disorderly and disorderly to obtain a fiber film. In recent years, with the development of nanotechnology and many disciplines, electrospinning, as a novel simple and effective processing technology capable of producing nanofibers, plays a great role in the fields of biomedical materials, filtration and protection, catalysis, energy, photoelectricity, food engineering, cosmetics and the like, and some countries in japan, the usa and europe have already applied electrospun nanofiber membranes to practical cases in the fields of industry and construction, thereby effectively realizing energy conservation. The research of the electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane is also developed in China, but the related research and industrialization aspects have large gap with foreign countries due to late start, and the development of the environment-friendly and high-efficiency seawater desalination membrane and the application of the seawater desalination membrane in the seawater desalination industry are urgently needed in China.
The current seawater desalination membrane is mainly from the aspect of material preparation, but the reports on the application of the membrane, especially in the field of seawater desalination, are less. Chinese patent, a full-fiber three-dimensional aggregate, a preparation method and application thereof, a full-fiber three-dimensional aggregate; mixing and molding a first nanofiber membrane formed by a polymer and a photo-thermal agent and a second nanofiber membrane formed by polycaprolactone to obtain a base material, and crosslinking a water-soluble polymer on one surface of the base material to form hydrophilic nanofiber particles, so that the obtained full-fiber three-dimensional aggregate has the characteristics of photo-thermal conversion performance, a body type mesh structure and high porosity; the characteristics of hydrophilic and hydrophobic property on both sides of the fiber are combined with the characteristics of small diameter, high porosity and large specific surface area of the nanofiber in the full-fiber three-dimensional aggregate, so that the fiber has self-water pumping performance; the balance of high light-steam conversion efficiency and long service life can be realized, the continuous self-pumping and self-cleaning capabilities are kept, and the device has wide application prospects in the fields of seawater desalination, sewage treatment and the like.
A method for assisting in growing an MFI type molecular sieve membrane for water desalination by using an electrostatic spinning technology in Chinese patents relates to a method for assisting in growing an MFI type molecular sieve membrane for seawater desalination by using an electrostatic spinning technology; the method comprises the following steps: preparing MFI type molecular sieve crystal seeds; preparing a spinning solution of MFI type molecular sieve seed crystals; preparing a seed crystal film of the MFI type molecular sieve; carrying out electrostatic spinning on a porous ceramic tube, a porous ceramic piece, a stainless steel mesh with a curved surface, a simple substance copper mesh, a porous silicon dioxide piece, a metal zinc piece, a metal copper piece and other carriers serving as receiving devices at a voltage of 1-20 kilovolts, and calcining to obtain a continuous seed crystal film on the carriers; and finally preparing the MFI type molecular sieve membrane. The method is not limited by the shape of the carrier, and simultaneously solves the problems of accurately controlling the uniformity and the thickness of the seed crystal layer. The prepared molecular sieve membrane grows along the trend of the surface of the carrier, can completely cover the surface of the carrier, has strong binding force with the carrier, and has strong desalting effect on seawater.
Chinese patent A preparation method of nanometer fiber for seawater desalination provides a preparation method of nanometer fiber for seawater desalination; the preparation method is characterized in that a polyamic acid solution is prepared from pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 4, 4' # diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA), and is subjected to thermal cyclization to generate an electrostatic spinning solution for preparing polyimide, the concentration and the pH value of the electrostatic spinning solution are adjusted, and a finished product is prepared by an electrostatic spinning method. The nanofiber produced by the method has the characteristics of small pore diameter, high clearance rate and excellent reverse osmosis effect, can be widely applied to the field of seawater desalination, has obvious seawater desalination reverse osmosis effect, and is low in production process cost and energy consumption, so that the nanofiber is environment-friendly and energy-saving. However, only Chinese patents on the report of the nanofiber membrane prepared by the electrostatic spinning process and used for seawater desalination by solar energy (CN111282443A) relate to a membrane material for seawater desalination by solar interface evaporation, and only Chinese patents on the report of the nanofiber membrane for seawater desalination by solar energy interface evaporation and a preparation method thereof; firstly, preparing a PAA nanofiber membrane by adopting an electrostatic spinning technology, then heating and pressurizing to imidize the PAA nanofiber membrane to obtain a PI nanofiber membrane, and finally ablating the surface of the PI membrane by adopting a laser ablation technology to form porous and fluffy graphene fibers on the surface of the PI membrane. When the prepared PI-LIG porous evaporation film is applied as a film material for solar interface evaporation seawater desalination, the light absorption rate can reach 98%, the PI-LIG porous evaporation film has high-efficiency evaporation rate and photo-thermal conversion performance, the durability is good, and the evaporation rate under one sunlight is up to 1.595 kg.m-2·h-1Meanwhile, the photo-thermal conversion efficiency of the device reaches 92.55%, and the device is suitable for seawater desalination treatment. This material can realize absorption of heat of sunlight to realize desalination of sea water, but no report of having a self-floating structure is provided. Therefore, the present application hasThe nanofiber membrane has a self-floating structure, adopts an electrostatic spinning process, is doped with a carbon material and utilizes solar energy to desalt seawater, and no report is available.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and adopts the technical scheme that: a preparation method of an electrostatic spinning seawater desalination membrane with a self-floating structure comprises the following steps:
preparation of (I) polystyrene spinning solution
Dissolving polystyrene and N, N-dimethylformamide in a beaker, and placing the beaker in a water bath for ultrasonic stirring and dissolving for 1-2 hours until a transparent polystyrene spinning solution is formed;
the mass fraction of polystyrene in the polystyrene spinning solution is 15-30 wt%;
the temperature of ultrasonic stirring and dissolving in the preparation process of the polystyrene spinning solution is 70-80 ℃;
preparation of polyacrylonitrile spinning solution of (II) doped carbon material
Adding a carbon material and polyacrylonitrile into a beaker, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1-5 h to uniformly disperse the carbon material in the spinning solution to obtain a carbon nanotube suspension. Then, mixing polyacrylonitrile and the carbon material suspension, and magnetically stirring for 2-12 hours at normal temperature until a transparent solution is formed to obtain a carbon material-doped polyacrylonitrile spinning solution;
the carbon material in the polyacrylonitrile spinning solution doped with the carbon material comprises carbon nano tubes, graphene and carbon spheres.
The mass fraction of the carbon material in the carbon material-doped polyacrylonitrile spinning solution is 0.25-2 wt%;
the mass fraction of polyacrylonitrile in the polyacrylonitrile spinning solution doped with the carbon material is 9-17 wt%;
the carbon material-doped polyacrylonitrile spinning solution is prepared by magnetic stirring at a rotating speed of 25-35 rpm.
Preparation of carbon material doped polyacrylonitrile nano fiber membrane
Preparing a nanofiber membrane from the carbon material-doped polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membrane by adopting an electrostatic spinning process, and placing prepared carbon material-doped polyacrylonitrile electrostatic spinning solution into a 5-10 mL injector for electrostatic spinning;
the electrostatic spinning process in the preparation process of the carbon material-doped polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membrane comprises the steps of receiving distance of 15-25 cm, advancing speed of 0.0018-0.0030 mm/s, rotating speed of a roller of 100-500 r/min, spinning voltage of 17-25 kV, spinning temperature of 23-27 ℃, relative humidity of 50-60% and spinning time of 5-10 h.
Preparation of (tetra) polystyrene nanofiber membrane
Continuously performing electrostatic spinning on the surface of the nanofiber membrane prepared in the step (three) by using the polystyrene nanofiber membrane, and placing the polystyrene spinning solution prepared in the step (one) into a 5-10 mL injector for electrostatic spinning;
the electrostatic spinning process in the preparation process of the polystyrene nanofiber membrane is that the receiving distance is 15-25 cm, the advancing speed is 0.0017-0.0030 mm/s, the rotating speed of a roller is 100-500 r/min, the spinning voltage is 17-25 kV, the spinning temperature is 23-27 ℃, the relative humidity is 50% -60%, and the spinning time is 3.3-6.6 h;
due to the application of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the method utilizes the electrostatic spinning technology, is simple and convenient to operate, and the obtained seawater desalination membrane has small porosity and good desalination effect; the seawater desalination membrane with a self-floating structure is realized by preparing the low-density polystyrene nanofiber membrane as a supporting layer, so that the difficulty of the production process of the supporting layer is reduced; the carbon material-doped polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membrane is prepared, so that the effects of light absorption and light condensation and photo-thermal conversion on the surface layer of the seawater desalination membrane are realized, and the good thermal stability is achieved; the purposes of no consumption of conventional energy, no pollution, safety, environmental protection and high purity of the obtained fresh water are achieved by utilizing the heat effect and the light effect of solar energy, combining with the self-floating nanofiber membrane and by means of an advanced manufacturing process and an enhanced heat and mass transfer technology. Therefore, the membrane has bright prospect in the future large-scale application of the seawater desalination membrane.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of a carbon material doped polypropylene nanofiber membrane of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the evaporation efficiency of the seawater desalination membrane according to the carbon material concentration of the upper part of the present application.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples:
the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The preparation method of the electrostatic spinning seawater desalination membrane with the self-floating structure comprises the steps of enabling the thickness of the electrostatic spinning seawater desalination membrane with the self-floating structure to be 0.5mm, enabling the thickness ratio of a polyacrylonitrile layer to a polystyrene layer to be 1: 1.5, enabling the addition amount of a carbon material to be 0.75 wt%, and enabling the average desalination efficiency to be 994 g/(m/(m) m2H), the temperature rise on the surface of the fiber membrane reaches 95 ℃ after two hours of photo-thermal evaporation.
Firstly, preparing a polystyrene spinning solution and a carbon material-doped polyacrylonitrile spinning solution; then preparing a carbon material-doped polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membrane by adopting an electrostatic spinning process; and finally, continuously spinning on the polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber membrane to prepare the polystyrene nano-fiber membrane, and drying to finally obtain the electrostatic spinning seawater desalination membrane with the self-floating structure.
A preparation method of an electrostatic spinning seawater desalination membrane with a self-floating structure comprises the following specific preparation steps:
preparation of (I) polystyrene spinning solution
Dissolving polystyrene and N, N-dimethylformamide in a beaker, and placing the beaker in a water bath for ultrasonic stirring and dissolving for 2 hours until a transparent polystyrene spinning solution is formed;
the mass fraction of polystyrene in the polystyrene spinning solution is 25 wt%;
the temperature of the polystyrene spinning solution during ultrasonic stirring and dissolving in the preparation process is 80 ℃.
At present, the support materials for the seawater desalination membrane are mainly porous foam, porous carbon materials and the like, but the support performance is poor, a support structure needs to be additionally arranged, and the performance requirements of convenient preparation, transportation and use and low energy consumption are far from being met. Therefore, the bottom layer polystyrene nano fiber membrane is adopted to provide self support, the polystyrene is non-toxic and transparent, the relative density is 1.05g/cm3, the thermal expansion coefficient is (alpha) 8 multiplied by 10 < -5 >/K, the thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.08W/(m.K), the excellent light stability is realized, and the excellent radiation resistance is realized, so that the weight of the whole seawater desalination membrane is reduced by using the polystyrene nano fiber membrane as a self-supporting structure, and the utilization rate of sunlight can be improved to a certain extent.
Preparation of polyacrylonitrile spinning solution of (II) doped carbon material
Adding a carbon material and polyacrylonitrile into a beaker, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 3 hours to uniformly disperse the carbon material in the spinning solution to obtain a carbon nano tube suspension. Then, mixing polyacrylonitrile and the carbon material suspension, and magnetically stirring for 6 hours at normal temperature until a transparent solution is formed to obtain a carbon material-doped polyacrylonitrile spinning solution;
the carbon material in the polyacrylonitrile spinning solution doped with the carbon material comprises carbon nano tubes, graphene and carbon spheres.
The mass fraction of the carbon material in the carbon material-doped polyacrylonitrile spinning solution is 0.75 wt%;
the mass fraction of polyacrylonitrile in the polyacrylonitrile spinning solution doped with the carbon material is 14 wt%;
the magnetic stirring speed is 30rpm when the carbon material-doped polyacrylonitrile spinning solution is prepared.
The carbon material with excellent photo-thermal conversion performance is doped in the base material, and the carbon material is used as a one-dimensional nano material, so that the weight is light, and the integral quality of the seawater desalination membrane can be reduced; polyacrylonitrile is used as a matrix and is prepared into a composite nanofiber membrane together with a carbon material, the carbon material is well attached to the fiber membrane, the fiber membrane is good in appearance, the composite nanofiber membrane can show high strength, elasticity, fatigue resistance and isotropy, and the light absorption performance of the seawater desalination membrane is greatly enhanced; meanwhile, the carbon material has good heat transfer performance, the carbon material has very large length-diameter ratio, so that the heat exchange performance along the length direction of the carbon material is very high, the heat exchange performance in the vertical direction of the carbon material is relatively low, and the carbon material can improve the heat transfer efficiency of the seawater desalination membrane through proper orientation; in addition, the carbon material has higher thermal conductivity, so that the thermal conductivity of the seawater desalination membrane is improved to a certain extent by doping a trace amount of the carbon material in the seawater desalination membrane.
Preparation of carbon material doped polyacrylonitrile nano fiber membrane
Preparing a nanofiber membrane from the carbon material-doped polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membrane by adopting an electrostatic spinning process, and placing prepared carbon material-doped polyacrylonitrile electrostatic spinning solution into a 5mL injector for electrostatic spinning;
the electrostatic spinning process in the preparation process of the carbon material-doped polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membrane comprises the steps of receiving distance of 17cm, propelling speed of 0.0018mm/s, drum rotating speed of 300r/min, spinning voltage of 20kV, spinning temperature of 25 ℃, relative humidity of 50% and spinning time of 6 h.
The electrostatic spinning process is a special fiber manufacturing process, and has the advantages of small electrostatic spinning fiber diameter, small aperture, high porosity, good fiber uniformity and the like; compared with methods such as phase heat induced phase separation, solution casting technology, hydrothermal method and the like, electrostatic spinning is a simpler and easier-to-operate process for preparing the nanofiber membrane. Therefore, the electrostatic spinning process is utilized to prepare the seawater desalination membrane, and the effects of good seawater desalination effect, high efficiency and simple preparation method can be realized.
Preparation of (tetra) polystyrene nanofiber membrane
Continuously performing electrostatic spinning on the surface of the nanofiber membrane prepared in the step (three) by using the polystyrene nanofiber membrane, and placing the polystyrene spinning solution prepared in the step (one) into a 5mL injector for electrostatic spinning;
the electrostatic spinning process in the preparation process of the polystyrene nanofiber membrane comprises the steps of receiving distance of 17cm, advancing speed of 0.0018mm/s, drum rotating speed of 300r/min, spinning voltage of 20kV, spinning temperature of 23-2725 ℃, relative humidity of 50% and spinning time of 6 h;
and after spinning is finished, putting the prepared composite fiber membrane into a vacuum drying oven, drying for 24 hours at 100 ℃ to finally obtain the electrostatic spinning seawater desalination membrane with the self-floating structure, and placing the electrostatic spinning seawater desalination membrane into a self-sealing bag for later use.
The electrostatic spinning seawater desalination membrane with the self-floating structure adopts a double-layer structure, the bottom layer is a low-density polystyrene nano fiber membrane, the surface layer is a polyacrylonitrile nano fiber membrane doped with a carbon material, the relative density of polystyrene is 1 g/cm3, the relative density of polyacrylonitrile is 1 g/cm3, the average density of the two layers of fiber membranes is controlled to be equal to or less than the density of seawater and brine, and the thickness ratio of the polystyrene nano fiber membrane to the polyacrylonitrile nano fiber membrane changes along with the change of the brine concentration so as to realize the self-floating purpose. Compared with a single-layer nanofiber membrane obtained by composite spinning of polystyrene and carbon material-doped polyacrylonitrile, if the composite spinning is adopted, the carbon material is distributed in the whole seawater desalination membrane structure, but the contact of the hydrophobic layer to sunlight is insufficient, and the effect of the carbon material cannot be reflected, so that the waste of the carbon material and the increase of the quality of the seawater desalination membrane are caused; and when adopting bilayer structure, carbon material evenly distributed is in the top layer, and its light and heat conversion effect and fuel effect obtain more abundant utilization, have promoted seawater desalination efficiency greatly.
The performance regulating and controlling factors of the electrostatic spinning seawater desalination membrane with the self-floating structure comprise: mass fractions of polyacrylonitrile and polystyrene, carbon material content, mass ratio of the polystyrene layer to the polyacrylonitrile layer in the spinning process, and the like.
The electrostatic spinning seawater desalination membrane with the self-floating structure is prepared by utilizing an electrostatic spinning technology, and self-supporting of the membrane in the seawater desalination process is realized by combining a carbon material and a solar seawater desalination technology, so that the seawater desalination membrane can be recycled and is convenient to transport; and the high heat transfer performance and the heat conductivity of the carbon material are utilized to convert sunlight into heat energy required by seawater desalination, so that local high temperature is formed on the surface of the membrane, and the aim of improving the seawater desalination efficiency is fulfilled. The prepared electrostatic spinning seawater desalination membrane with the self-floating structure has the advantages of self-supporting property, light weight and high seawater desalination efficiency, can be used for desalinating seawater by utilizing sunlight, reduces the waste of conventional energy sources, and has wide application prospects in the fields of seawater desalination, sewage purification and the like.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
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