CN111712671A - skylight lamps - Google Patents

Abstract

The lighting fixture is shown as a skylight and is referred to as a skylight fixture. The skylight fitting (10) has a sky-like light assembly (14) and a plurality of sun-like light assemblies (16). A sky-like light assembly (14) has a sky-like optical assembly and a sky-specific light source, wherein light from the sky-specific light source exits a flat interior surface of the optical assembly as skylight light. A plurality of sun-like light assemblies (16) are arranged adjacent to each other and extend downwardly from the periphery of the sky-like light assembly (14). Each of the plurality of sun-like light assemblies has a sun-like optical assembly and a sun-specific light source, wherein light from the sun-specific light source exits as sunlight off of the flat inner surface of the sun-like optical assembly.

Description

skylight lamps

technical field

The present disclosure relates to lighting fixtures, and more particularly, to lighting fixtures that simulate skylights.

Background technique

Skylights are windows that are usually installed in the roof or ceiling. Skylights are a preferred source of natural light and are highly desirable in many residential and commercial buildings. Providing natural light to an area is known to enhance mood, increase productivity, and improve ambience, among many other benefits. Skylights are often used to supplement natural light in windowed spaces, and are often the only way to provide natural light to interior spaces that do not adjoin an outer wall.

Unfortunately, it is impractical or impossible to provide skylights in many spaces. The lower floors of the building will not have direct access to the building's roof. In many cases, even the top floors of a building will have structural or mechanical components that prevent the installation of skylights, limit the function of skylights, or make skylight installation prohibitively expensive.

Accordingly, there is a need to provide the benefits of skylights to those spaces where the installation of skylights is impractical or impossible.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A lighting fixture shown as a skylight and referred to as a skylight fixture is disclosed. Skylight luminaires have sky-like light components and multiple sun-like light components. A sky-like light assembly has a specific optical assembly and a specific light source, wherein light from the light source exits the flat inner surface of the optical assembly as sky-like light. A plurality of sun-like light components are arranged adjacent to each other and extend downwardly from the periphery of the sky-like light components. Each of the plurality of sun-like light assemblies has a specific optical assembly and a specific light source, wherein light from the light source exits the flat inner surface of the optical assembly as sun-like light. The flat inner surface of the sky-like optical assembly and the flat inner surfaces of the plurality of sun-like optical assemblies define a cavity. The one or more control modules are individually or collectively configured to drive the sky-specific light source and each sun-specific light source in a first mode such that the sky-like component has light emission with a first color point, and similar At least one sun-like component of the components of the sun has light emission with a second color point different from the first color point. The skylight assembly can be configured as a window that simulates a traditional skylight. Each of the plurality of solar assemblies may be configured to simulate sunlight passing through and/or reflecting from a sidewall of a conventional skylight. For domed assemblies or other shaped skylight luminaires, the inner surface need not be flat.

In one embodiment, one or both of the sky-specific light source and the sun-specific light source include a first LED emitting light having a third color point, a second LED emitting light having a fourth color point, and emitting light having a The third LED of the light of the fifth color point. In this or a separate embodiment, the interior angle formed between the flat inner surface of the sky-like optical assembly and the flat surface of each of the sun-like optical assemblies is an obtuse angle. In various embodiments, the interior angle is greater than 90° and less than or equal to 135°; greater than or equal to 95° and less than or equal to 130°; or greater than or equal to 100° and less than or equal to 125°.

In one embodiment, on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the x-coordinate value of the first color point and the x-coordinate value of the second color point differ by at least 0.1. The first color point falls in the first color space defined by the x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.37, 0.34), (0.35, 0.38), (0.15, 0.20) and (0.20, 0.14) Inside. The second color point falls in the second color space defined by the x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.29, 0.32), (0.32, 0.29), (0.41, 0.36), (0.48, 0.39), (0.48, 0.43), (0.40, 0.41) and (0.35, 0.38).

In one embodiment, on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the x-coordinate value of the first color point and the x-coordinate value of the second color point differ by at least 0.1. The first color point falls in the first color space defined by the x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.32, 0.31), (0.30, 0.33), (0.15, 0.17) and (0.17, 0.14) Inside. The second color point falls in the second color space defined by the x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.30, 0.34), (0.30, 0.30), (0.39, 0.36), (0.45, 0.39), (0.47, 0.43), (0.40, 0.41) and (0.35, 0.38).

In one embodiment, on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the x-coordinate value of the first color point and the x-coordinate value of the second color point differ by at least 0.1. The first color point falls in the first color space defined by the x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.39, 0.31), (0.34, 0.40), (0.10, 0.20) and (0.16, 0.06) Inside. The second color point falls in the second color space defined by the x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.28, 0.36), (0.35, 0.26), (0.44, 0.33), (0.62, 0.34), (0.50, 0.46), (0.43, 0.45), (0.36, 0.43).

In one embodiment, on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the x-coordinate value of the first color point and the x-coordinate value of the second color point differ by at least 0.1. The first color point falls in the first color space defined by the x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.10, 0.20), (0.36, 0.43), (0.43, 0.45), (0.50, 0.46) , (0.62, 0.34), (0.44, 0.33), (0.16, 0.06). The second color point falls in the second color space defined by the x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.10, 0.20), (0.36, 0.43), (0.43, 0.45), (0.50, 0.46), (0.62, 0.34), (0.44, 0.33), (0.16, 0.06).

In one embodiment, on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the x-coordinate value of the first color point and the x-coordinate value of the second color point differ by at least 0.15. In another embodiment, the x-coordinate value of the first color point and the x-coordinate value of the second color point differ by at least 0.2 on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram.

In one embodiment, on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the x-coordinate value of the first color point is smaller than the x-coordinate value of the second color point. In another embodiment, on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the y-coordinate value of the first color point is smaller than the y-coordinate value of the second color point. In yet another embodiment, on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the x-coordinate value of the first color point is smaller than the x-coordinate value of the second color point, and on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the y-coordinate value of the first color point is Less than the y-coordinate value of the second color point. On the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the x-coordinate value of the first color point and the x-coordinate value of the second color point may differ by at least 0.15, 0.2, and 0.25.

In one embodiment, the sky-specific light source includes a first LED emitting light having a third color point, a second LED emitting light having a fourth color point, and a third LED emitting light having a fifth color point. On the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the third, fourth, and fifth color points are spaced apart from each other by at least 0.05 in at least one of the x-direction and the y-direction. The first LED may emit white light, and the third color point may be within three, five, seven or ten MacAdams Ellipses of the black body curve. The second LED may emit blue light, the third LED may emit green light, and the y-coordinate value of the fourth color point and the y-coordinate value of the fifth color point may differ by at least 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram .

In one embodiment, at least two of the sun-specific light sources may have a fourth LED emitting light with a sixth color point, a fifth LED emitting light with a seventh color point, and a fourth LED emitting light with a sixth color point The sixth LED of the light of eight color dots. On the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the sixth, seventh, and eighth color points may be spaced apart from each other by at least 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 in at least one of the x-direction and the y-direction.

In one embodiment, at least two of the sun-specific light sources have a first LED emitting light with a third color point, a second LED emitting light with a fourth color point, and a fifth LED emitting light with a fifth color point The third LED of the color point light. On the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the third, fourth, and fifth color points may be spaced from each other by at least 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 in at least one of the x-direction and the y-direction.

In one embodiment, the sky-like light assembly and the sun-like light assembly may provide a composite light output having a color rendering index greater than 90.

In one embodiment, the one or more control modules may also be configured to independently and variably drive the sky-specific light source and each sun-specific light source such that the first color point and the second color point are independently variable .

In one embodiment, the one or more control modules may also be configured to drive the sky-specific light sources and each sun-specific light source such that the first color point and the second color point change in time.

In one embodiment, the one or more control modules may also be configured to drive the sky-specific light sources and each sun-specific light source such that the first color point and the second color point are selected based on the time of day.

In one embodiment, the one or more control modules may also be configured to drive the sky-specific light sources and each sun-specific light source such that the first color point and the second color point are selected based on information received from the remote device.

In one embodiment, the one or more control modules may also be configured to drive the sky-specific light sources and each sun-specific light source such that the first color point and the second color point are selected based on sensor information provided by the at least one sensor .

In one embodiment, the one or more control modules may also be configured to drive the sky-specific light sources and each sun-specific light source such that the first and second color points are selected based on outdoor lighting conditions.

In one embodiment, the one or more control modules may also be configured to drive the sky-specific light sources and each sun-specific light source such that the first color point and the second color point are selected based on outdoor weather conditions.

In one embodiment, the one or more control modules may also be configured to drive the sky-specific light sources and each sun-specific light source such that the first color point and the second color point are selected based on outdoor environmental conditions.

In one embodiment, the one or more control modules may also be configured to drive the sky-specific light source and each sun-specific light source in the second mode to change the first color point and the second color point to provide circadian stimulation .

In one embodiment, the one or more control modules may also be configured to drive each sunlight source in a second mode to alter the second color point of sunlight provided by each sunlight source to have additional red spectral content .

In one embodiment, one or more control modules may also be configured to communicate with other skylight luminaires, and to drive sky-specific light sources and each sun-specific light source such that sky-specific emissions and sun-specific emissions are Emission coordination for skylight luminaires.

Although the above features of various implementations are listed separately for clarity, each of the above features can be implemented together in any combination as long as functionality is not compromised.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate the scope of the disclosure and appreciate additional aspects of the disclosure after reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate several aspects of the disclosure, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.

Figure 1 illustrates a ceiling mounted skylight light fixture according to one embodiment;

2A is a cross-section of a skylight light fixture according to a first embodiment;

2B is a cross-section of a skylight light fixture according to a second embodiment;

Figure 3 shows a plurality of skylight luminaires installed in the ceiling of a room;

Figure 4 shows a display that can be used as a sky-like component or a sun-like component of a skylight fixture;

5 illustrates a first light engine embodiment that can be used as a sky-like assembly or a sun-like assembly of a skylight luminaire;

6 illustrates a second light engine embodiment that can be used as a sky-like assembly or a sun-like assembly of a skylight luminaire;

Figure 7 illustrates a third light engine embodiment that can be used as a sky-like component or a sun-like component of a skylight luminaire;

8 is a partial cross-section of a skylight light fixture according to a third embodiment;

Figure 9 shows a plurality of skylight luminaires arranged in an array in the ceiling;

Figure 10A is a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram on which the color space of the first embodiment of the sky-like component is provided;

Figure 10B is a coordinate table defining the color space shown in Figure 10A;

FIG. 11A is the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram on which the color space of the first embodiment of the sun-like assembly is provided;

FIG. 11B is a coordinate table defining the color space shown in FIG. 11A;

Figure 12A is a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram on which the color space of the second embodiment of the sky-like component is provided;

Figure 12B is a coordinate table defining the color space shown in Figure 12A;

Figure 13A is a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram on which the color space of a second embodiment of a sun-like assembly is provided;

Figure 13B is a coordinate table defining the color space shown in Figure 13A;

Figure 14A is a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram on which the color space of the third embodiment of the sky-like component is provided;

Figure 14B is a coordinate table defining the color space shown in Figure 14A;

Figure 15A is a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram on which the color space of a third embodiment of a sun-like assembly is provided;

Figure 15B is a coordinate table defining the color space shown in Figure 15A;

16A is a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram on which the color space of a fourth embodiment of both a sky-like component and a sun-like component is provided;

Figure 16B is a coordinate table defining the color space shown in Figure 16A;

Figure 17 is a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram on which the color gamut of a sky-like assembly employing two different colored LEDs is provided, according to a first embodiment;

Figure 18 is a graph of the emission spectrum of the blue LED of the embodiment of Figure 17;

Figure 19 is a graph of the emission spectrum of the white LED of the embodiment of Figure 17;

Figure 20 is a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram on which the color gamut of a sky-like assembly employing three different colored LEDs is provided, according to a second embodiment;

Figure 21 is a graph of the emission spectrum of the blue LED of the embodiment of Figure 20;

Figure 22 is a graph of the emission spectrum of the green LED of the embodiment of Figure 20;

Figure 23 is a graph of the emission spectrum of the white LED of the embodiment of Figure 20;

Figure 24 is a 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram on which the color gamut of a sun-like assembly employing three different colored LEDs is provided, according to one embodiment;

25 is a cross-section of the skylight light fixture according to the first embodiment, and shows various lighting components of the skylight light fixture;

26 is a cross-section of a skylight light fixture according to the second embodiment, and shows various lighting components of the skylight light fixture;

27 is a graph of CRI and R9 versus distance from center nadir for an exemplary skylight luminaire having a sky-like assembly and a sun-like assembly employing two different color LEDs;

28 is a graph of CRI and R9 versus distance from center nadir for an exemplary skylight luminaire having a sky-like assembly and a sun-like assembly employing three different color LEDs;

29 is a cross-section of a skylight luminaire according to the first embodiment, and illustrating the redirection of light emitted from the sun-like assembly toward the exit pane of the skylight luminaire;

30 is a cross-section of a skylight luminaire according to a second embodiment and illustrating the redirection of light emitted from the sun-like assembly toward the exit pane of the skylight luminaire;

31 is a block diagram of a sunroof light fixture in communication with a remote device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

32 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary electronic module and associated sky-like and sun-like components, according to one embodiment.

Detailed ways

The embodiments set forth below represent the necessary information to enable those skilled in the art to practice the embodiments, and illustrate the best mode for practicing the embodiments. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of the present disclosure and will recognize applications of these concepts not specifically mentioned herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the present disclosure and appended claims.

It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

It will be understood that when an element such as a layer, region or substrate is referred to as being "on" or extending "on" another element, it can be directly on or extending directly on the other element, or Intermediate elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on" or "extending directly on" another element, there are no intervening elements present. Also, it will be understood that when an element such as a layer, region or substrate is referred to as being "over" or extending "over" another element, it can be directly on or directly on the other element The elements extend above, or intermediate elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly over" or "extending directly over" another element, there are no intervening elements present. It will also be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly connected" or "directly coupled" to another element, there are no intervening elements present.

Relative terms such as "below" or "above" or "above" or "below" or "horizontal" or "vertical" may be used herein to describe an element shown in the figures , the relationship of a layer or region to another element, layer or region. It should be understood that these terms and those discussed above are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a (a)," "an (an)," and "the (the)" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It will also be understood that the terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes" and/or "including" as used herein designate the features, integers, steps, operations described , elements and/or components, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and/or groups thereof.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It is also to be understood that unless explicitly so defined herein, terms used herein should be construed to have meanings consistent with their meanings in the context of this specification and related art, and not to be taken in an idealized or overly formal sense explain.

A lighting fixture shown as a skylight and referred to as a skylight fixture is disclosed. Skylight luminaires have sky-like components and multiple sun-like components. The sky-like assembly has a sky-like optical assembly and a sky-specific light source, wherein light from the sky-specific light source exits the flat inner surface of the skylight optical assembly as skylight light. A plurality of sun-like assemblies are arranged adjacent to each other and extend downwardly from the periphery of the sky-like assemblies. Each of the plurality of sun-like components has a sun-like optical component and a sun-specific light source, wherein light from the sun-specific light source exits the flat inner surface of the sunlight optical component as sunlight. The flat inner surface of the skylight optic and the flat inner surfaces of the plurality of sunlight optic assemblies define a cavity. It should be understood that the flat surfaces of the various optical components may have other shapes, such as in dome-shaped lighting fixtures and the like, eg, curved or circular. The one or more control modules are individually or collectively configured to drive the sky-specific light source and each sun-specific light source in a first mode such that the sky-specific light emission has a first color point and a plurality of sun-like light sources The sun-specific light emission of at least one of the sun-like components of the components has a second color point different from the first color point. Sky-like components can be configured to simulate traditional skylight windows. Each of the plurality of sun-like components may be configured to simulate sunlight passing through and/or reflecting from a side wall of a conventional skylight.

An exemplary skylight light fixture 10 is shown in FIG. 1 . Skylight luminaire 10 is mounted in a ceiling structure 12, which in the illustrated embodiment is a drop ceiling, such as those used in many commercial buildings. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that skylight light fixture 10 may be installed in any type of ceiling structure 12 (such as gypsum board, wood, masonry, etc.). In essence, skylight light fixture 10 has the general appearance of a conventional skylight and simulates a conventional skylight. The skylight light fixture 10 takes the general shape of an upside-down box with multiple side and bottom walls. For purposes that will become clearer below, the bottom wall is referred to as the sky-like component 14 and the side walls are referred to as the sun-like component 16 . The sky-like assembly 14 and the sun-like assembly 16 are formed by light engines, details of which are further described below.

Typically, the sky-like component 14 is configured to emit light and provide the viewer with the appearance of a sky. In essence, the sky-like component 14 simulates the window portion of a conventional skylight. The sun-like component 16 is configured to simulate the side walls of a conventional skylight. Typically, the side walls of conventional skylights reflect more directed sunlight from the sun. For the concepts described herein, the sun-like component 16 is configured to simulate sunlight directly passing through a skylight or being reflected by a sidewall at a particular angle. Thus, sky-like component 14 is configured to provide generally non-directional light associated with the sky, while sun-like component 16 simulates direct sunlight or its reflection from the sun. Depending on the time of day or night, the intensity, color temperature, color of the light emitted from the sky-like component 14 and the sun-like component 16 will vary in an effort to simulate the different times of day or night and between day and night by traditional skylights of light provided by any transition.

2A and 2B provide cross-sectional views of two different embodiments of skylight light fixture 10 . In the embodiment of FIG. 2A , the sun-like component 16 is substantially orthogonal to the sky-like component 14 . The opposing sun-like assemblies 16 are substantially parallel to each other. In other words, the exposed surface of the sun-like component 16 forms a 90° angle with the exposed surface of the sky-like component 14 .

For the embodiment of FIG. 2B , the exposed surface of the sun-like component 16 forms an obtuse angle α with the exposed surface of the sky-like component 14 . As described further below, increasing the angle between the exposed surface of the sun-like component 16 and the exposed surface of the sky-like component 14 may improve the simulation of sunlight passing through the skylight fixture 10 . Although there is no particular restriction on the value of the obtuse angle α, when the obtuse angle α is:

90°<α≤135°;

95°≤α≤130°; or

When 100°≤α≤125°,

Experiments have shown particularly effective performance.

The electronics module 18 and universal housing 20 are also shown in Figures 2A and 2B. The electronics module 18 provides the necessary electronics for the sunroof light fixture 10 . The electronics module 18 may include power electronics, control electronics, communication electronics, and/or the necessary drive circuitry for the sky-like assembly 14 and the sun-like assembly 16 . In FIGS. 2A and 2B and subsequent selected figures, the dashed arrows represent "sunlight" emanating from the sky-like component 14 , and the solid arrows represent "sunlight" emanating directly from or reflected from the solar component 16 . .

FIG. 3 shows two skylight luminaires 10 installed in the ceiling structure 12 of a room with walls 22 . Although the light may not be fully controlled, Figure 3 shows that the "sunlight" from the sky-like component 14 is projected mainly downward into the room, where the "sunlight" from the sun-like component 16 (solid arrows) is more Projecting into the room at an angle such that light from the sun-like assembly 16 illuminates and reflects off the walls 22 in an effort to simulate passing through a traditional skylight at an angle and directly illuminating the walls 22 or from traditional lighting fixtures The side walls reflect and reflect sunlight into the room at an angle.

As mentioned above, both the sky-like component 14 and the sun-like component 16 may be provided by various types of light engines. The sky-like component 14 and the sun-like component 16 in a particular skylight fixture 10 may incorporate the same or different types of light engines. If the same light engines are used for both the sky-like component 14 and the sun-like component 16, these light engines may be configured identically or differently depending on the spectral capabilities of the light engines.

Figures 4-7 show four different types of light engines. The illustrated light engines are provided as examples only, and do not represent an exclusive or exhaustive list. Referring to Figure 4, the first type of light engine shown may take the form of a display device such as a light emitting diode (LED) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic LED (OLED) display, and the like. A typical display assembly 24 would include a display panel 26 on which an image is displayed, and appropriate driver electronics 28 for driving the display panel 26 . Based on input from the driver electronics 28, the display panel 26 will display the image in the desired manner.

Display assembly 24 is particularly beneficial as sky-like assembly 14 due to the great flexibility in the scenes that can be displayed in an effort to simulate the appearance of the sky during any time of day or night. The display can simply provide a uniform color across the display to simulate a blue sky during the day, sunset in the evening, or black at night. In more complex embodiments, the display may vary to indicate clouds, stars scattered across the night sky, red-orange light illuminating clouds during sunrise or sunset, and the like. Essentially, incorporating the display assembly 24 provides the flexibility to present anything from a specific color panel to a specific still or moving image, which can be coordinated across multiple skylight light fixtures 10 .

The embodiments of Figures 5, 6 and 7 will generally not be able to display a specific image, but can project light of varying intensity, color and color temperature while displaying a specific color and brightness. It should be noted that the light emitted from one of these light engines may differ from the color of the panel actually displayed by the light engine. For example, one might want a light engine to appear blue, but cast white light. In these embodiments, the light projected from the light engine and the appearance of the light engine will be substantially uniform.

With particular reference to Figure 5, an edge lit-type light engine is provided in which an optical assembly 32 and one or more light sources 34 are edge lit. In particular, the optical components 32 may be single-layer or multilayer optical waveguides, diffusers, lenses, or any combination thereof. Light sources 34 , shown as LEDs without limitation, illuminate the edges of optical assembly 32 and emit light from the front surface of optical assembly 32 . Typically, the light source 34 will extend along all (if not multiple or all sides of the optical assembly 32) at least one side. The light engine 30 will include a light engine housing 36 to hold the optical assembly 32 and the light source 34 in proper orientation relative to each other and to allow the entire light engine 30 to be installed in the skylight light fixture 10 . It should be noted that the LEDs of the light sources 34 may be the same or different colors depending on the application. If LEDs of different colors are provided, the optical assembly 32 will promote mixing of the light from the various LEDs so that the light is emitted from the front surface of the optical assembly 32 in a uniform manner.

Turning now to FIG. 6, a backlight type light engine 40 is shown. An optical assembly 42 is provided having a front side and an opposite rear side. A light source 44 , such as an LED array, is positioned to illuminate the rear surface of the optical assembly 42 such that light emitted from the light source 44 passes through the optical assembly 42 and emerges from the front surface of the optical assembly 42 . Typically, the LEDs of the LED array of light source 44 are spaced from the rear surface of optical assembly 42 with mixing chamber 46 disposed between the light source and the rear surface of optical assembly 42 . This allows LEDs of different colors of light to be used in the light source 44 . The different colors of light will be mixed in the mixing chamber and passed through the optical assembly 42, which may provide further mixing and diffusion depending on the specific application. As with the above embodiments, a light engine housing 48 may be provided to maintain the optical assembly 42 and the light source 44 in the proper orientation with respect to each other and to allow installation to the skylight light fixture 10 .

FIG. 7 shows a side lit-type light engine 50 configured in a similar manner to that of FIG. 6 . The exception is that the LEDs of the light source 54 are positioned on the side of the mixing chamber 56 and perpendicular to the rear surface of the optical assembly 52 . Light from the LEDs of light source 54 will be emitted into mixing chamber 56 and ultimately through optical assembly 52 such that the mixed light emerges from the front surface of optical assembly 52 . A light engine housing 58 may be provided to maintain proper orientation of the optical assembly 52 and light source 54, and to provide a mixing chamber 56. Likewise, the LEDs of the light source 54 may provide light of different colors, wherein the mixing chamber 56 and the optical assembly 52 are configured such that the light emitted from the front surface of the optical assembly 52 has the desired color. The light sources 34, 44 and 54 need not be LEDs; however, LED-based light sources provide energy efficient and high quality light, as will be described further below. Optical assemblies 32, 42, and 52 may include one or more light/waveguides, diffuser films, lens films, diffusers, lenses, and the like.

FIG. 8 shows a partial cross-section of skylight fixture 10 in which each of sun-like components 16 employs a backlight light engine 40 . Additionally, the optical assembly 42 is angled such that the exposed surface of the optical assembly 42 forms an obtuse angle with the exposed surface of the sky-like assembly 14, which may employ the display assembly 24, the light engine 30, the light engine 40, or the light engine 50. , as described above. As shown, the light source 44 is an LED array, wherein each LED of the LED array is distributed along a vertical surface that is orthogonal to the exposed surface of the sky-like assembly 14 . The mixing chamber is positioned between the LED array and the rear surface of the optical assembly 42 . Although the LEDs of the LED array of the light source 44 are arranged in a vertical plane of the light engine housing 48 , the plane in which the LEDs are located may also be angled, wherein the plane on which the LEDs are arranged is parallel to the optical assembly 42 . In other embodiments, the plane in which the LEDs are located is not perpendicular, but need not be parallel to the optical assembly 42 .

In one embodiment, the appearance of the exposed surfaces of sky-like assembly 14 and sun-like assembly 16 is configured to appear as a conventional skylight, typically with painted vertical sidewalls and windows. Thus, the sun-like assembly 16 may have optical assemblies 32, 42, 52 with low gloss interior surfaces that are flat white in color. The inner surface is the inner surface that is visible once installed. The low gloss, flat white interior surface provides the appearance of vertical sidewalls, which are usually painted flat white. A solar-like assembly 16 would be efficient and provide a CRI equal to or greater than 85 or 90 in addition to providing an R9 of 50 or greater. Ultra-uniform color mixing and uniform brightness across the inner surfaces of optical assemblies 32, 42, 52 enhance the simulation.

The inner surfaces of the optical assemblies 32, 42, 52 of the skylight luminaire 10 may be non-light diffusers. For waveguide embodiments, the optical assembly 32 would include a highly reflective backing on the rear surface opposite the inner surface. In addition to variable color, the sky-like component 14 should also provide a CRI of 85 or 90 or greater. In one embodiment, colors may range from sky blue to very high correlated color temperatures, such as three, five, seven or ten McAdam ellipses of +/- 5% of 5000K or 5500K, depending on the embodiment white light inside.

Figure 9 shows an embodiment of a plurality (six) of skylight luminaires 10 mounted in close proximity to each other in a ceiling structure 12 to form an attractive matrix of virtual skylights. With appropriate electronics, the light and/or images provided/displayed by each of the skylight light fixtures 10 may be the same or coordinated as desired. For example, the movement of the sun, the passing of clouds, the movement of shadows, etc. may transition from one skylight luminaire 10 to another skylight luminaire 10 to create a composite display and/or lighting effect from the entire set of skylight luminaires 10 . Such operations may be tied to various sensors, information sensors, etc., such that the light and/or information displayed by skylight luminaire 10 corresponds to the associated outdoor environment. For additional information on reconciling the effects provided by skylight light fixture 10 with the external environment, reference is made to US Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 62/628,131, filed February 8, 2018, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

As noted, each of sky-like assembly 14 and sun-like assembly 16 may be configured the same or different with respect to their lighting capabilities and characteristics. Although different ones of the sun-like assemblies 16 may be configured differently on a given skylight light fixture 10 , they are generally configured identically on a given skylight light fixture 10 . Given the different goals of the respective sky-like components 14 and sun-like components 16, the sky-like components 14 and sun-like components 16 may be designed to operate at different intensity levels, color spaces, color temperatures, distribution patterns, etc. , and provide light with different efficacy levels or with different color rendering index values. Additionally, the different sky-like assemblies 14 and sun-like assemblies 16 may be designed and/or controlled such that each panel provides light with different characteristics, whereas the light from the entire skylight fixture 10 is combined to provide light with specific characteristics, This characteristic is different from that of either of the sky-like component 14 and the sun-like component 16 .

In certain embodiments, the sun-like component 16 is designed to simulate the directional nature of sunlight passing through a conventional skylight. The sky-like component 14 is designed to simulate the appearance of the sky and the non-directional nature of sunlight passing through conventional skylights. The sky-like component 14 and the sun-like component 16 may also be configured to simulate the appearance of light passing through or reflected from the windows and sidewalls of conventional skylights. A more important lighting characteristic to achieve these goals is the color space, and in particular the color point at which the respective sky-like components 14 and sun-like components 16 operate.

In certain embodiments, light exiting the sky-like component 14 is shifted relatively blue in the spectrum to better simulate the appearance of a blue sky. Light exiting the sun-like component 16 is relatively shifted toward red in the spectrum to better simulate the appearance of sunlight. In the first embodiment, the light exiting the sky-like component 14 has a color point within the first skylight color space A. As shown in Figure 10A and listed in the table of Figure 10B, the first skylight color space A is defined by the following x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.37, 0.34), (0.35, 0.38), (0.15, 0.20) and (0.20, 0.14). Light exiting the sun-like assembly 16 has one or more color points within the first skylight color space A. As shown in Figure 11A and listed in the table of Figure 11B, the first sunlight color space A is defined by the following x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.29, 0.32), (0.32, 0.29) , (0.41, 0.36), (0.48, 0.39), (0.48, 0.43), (0.40, 0.41) and (0.35, 0.38). Both sky-like components 14 and sun-like components 16 may be configured to change color points during operation to simulate and/or track changing conditions of the external environment throughout the day and night.

In the second embodiment, the light exiting the sky-like component 14 has a color point in the second window color space B. As shown in Figure 12A and listed in the table of Figure 12B, the second window color space B is defined by the following x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.32, 0.31), (0.30, 0.33) , (0.15, 0.17) and (0.17, 0.14). Light exiting the sun-like component 16 has one or more color points within the second window color space B. As shown in Figure 13A and listed in the table of Figure 13B, the second sunlight color space B is defined by the following x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.30, 0.34), (0.30, 0.30) , (0.39, 0.36), (0.45, 0.39), (0.47, 0.43), (0.40, 0.41) and (0.35, 0.38). Both sky-like components 14 and sun-like components 16 may be configured to change color points during operation to simulate and/or track changing conditions of the external environment throughout the day and night.

The first and second embodiments defined above provide a relatively limited color space for the respective sky-like component 14 and sun-like component 16 to operate. These embodiments are intended to simulate traditional skylights during the main daytime hours between, but not necessarily including, sunrise and sunset, when the sky may appear less blue and more reddish-orange. In order to extend the functionality of skylight luminaire 10 to better simulate the appearance of a traditional skylight outside of daytime hours, it is beneficial to operate in an extended color space. For example, the color space may need to be shifted or expanded to account for the darker blues associated with dusk, dawn, and night, and the more reddish-orange and red hues associated with sunrise and sunset. Exemplary enhanced color spaces for the sky-like component 14 and the sun-like component 16 are provided in the third embodiment.

In the third embodiment, the light exiting the sky-like component 14 has a color point within the third skylight color space C. As shown in Figure 14A and listed in the table of Figure 14B, the third skylight color space C is defined by the following x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.39, 0.31), (0.34, 0.40) , (0.10, 0.20) and (0.16, 0.06). Light exiting the sun-like component 16 has one or more color points within the third skylight color space C. As shown in Figure 15A and listed in the table of Figure 15B, the third sunlight color space C is defined by the following x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.28, 0.36), (0.35, 0.26) , (0.44, 0.33), (0.62, 0.34), (0.50, 0.46), (0.43, 0.45), (0.36, 0.43). Both sky-like components 14 and sun-like components 16 may be configured to change color points during operation to simulate and/or track changing conditions of the external environment throughout the day and night. The highlighted points in the graph are exemplary color points for the corresponding sky-like component 14 and sun-like component 16 .

In the fourth embodiment, the color spaces of both the sky-like component 14 and the sun-like component 16 are greatly expanded and/or the same or substantially the same. As shown in Figure 16A and listed in the table of Figure 16B, the skylight and sunlight color spaces are defined by the following x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.10, 0.20), (0.36, 0.43), (0.43, 0.45), (0.50, 0.46), (0.62, 0.34), (0.44, 0.33), (0.16, 0.06). Both sky-like components 14 and sun-like components 16 may be configured to change color points during operation to simulate and/or track changing conditions of the external environment throughout the day and night. The highlighted points in the graph are exemplary color points for the corresponding sky-like (square point) component 14 and sun-like (triangle point) component 16 .

In any of the above or alternative embodiments, the ccx value on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram of the color point of the light exiting the sky-like component 14 may be less than or approximately equal to the ccx value of the light exiting the sun-like component 16 The ccx value on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram of the color point. Alternatively, the ccy value on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram of the color point of light leaving the sky-like component 14 may be less than or approximately equal to the ccy on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram of the color point of light leaving the sun-like component 16 value. In other embodiments, the ccx value on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram for the color point of light exiting the sky-like component 14 is less than or approximately equal to ccx on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram for the color point for light exiting the sun-like component 16 The ccx value and the ccy value on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram of the color point of the light leaving the sky-like component 14 are less than or approximately equal to the ccy value on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram of the color point of the light leaving the sun-like component 16 .

In LED-based embodiments, an array of LEDs is used for one or both of the sky-like component 14 and the sun-like component 16 . In the following embodiments, it is assumed that LED arrays are used for both the sky-like assembly 14 and the sun-like assembly 16 . In the first embodiment, described in conjunction with the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram of FIG. 17 , a bi-color LED array is employed as the light source for the sky-like assembly 14 . A bi-color LED array would have multiple LEDs of a first color and multiple LEDs of a second color.

For this embodiment, the first LED is a blue LED that emits blue light, with color point CP1 at the lower left of the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram. The dominant wavelength of the blue LED is 475 nm, and the overall spectrum is shown in Figure 18, which is a graph of output intensity versus wavelength. The second LED is a white LED emitting white light at color point CP2 on or within the three or five McAdam ellipses of the black body curve. In this example, the white LED has a color temperature of approximately 5000K (+/- 0.5%, 1%, 2%, or 5%) and a color rendering index (CRI) of at least 85 or 90 (ie, CRI 85, CRI 90). The overall spectrum of a white LED is shown in Figure 19, which is a graph of output intensity versus wavelength.

For a two-color LED array, the color point of the light exiting the sky-like assembly 14 may vary along a connecting line extending between the color points associated with the blue and white LEDs depending on the degree to which the respective LEDs are driven. In this embodiment, the color point of the light exiting the sky-like component 14 may vary in color along the connecting line from white light with a color temperature of about 5000K to sky blue. Three exemplary color points for sky targets are shown as circles on connecting lines. Although bi-color LED arrays are cost effective and provide variable color points along a defined connecting line, the overall spectrum associated with light emitted from a bi-color LED array is somewhat limited.

One way to increase the overall spectral color gamut of the emitted light from the sky-like assembly 14 is to use three or more LEDs twice in an LED array. Using three or more colors in an LED array can be beneficial even if the design calls for changing colors along a single linear connecting line. An example of a three-color LED array is shown in the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram of FIG. 20 . In this example, darker blue LEDs, green LEDs, and white LEDs are used. The darker blue LED emits blue light with color point CP3 at the bottom left of the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram. The dominant wavelength of a blue LED is 460 nm, but the dominant wavelength can range from about 450 nm to about 465 nm, as shown in Figure 21, which is a graph of output intensity versus wavelength.

A green LED emits green light with color point CP5 at the top left of the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram. The dominant wavelength of a green LED is 520 nm, but the dominant wavelength can range from about 505 nm to about 530 nm, as shown in Figure 22, which is a graph of output intensity versus wavelength. The white LED emits white light at color point CP5 on the three or five McAdam ellipses of the black body curve or within the three or five McAdam ellipses of the black body curve. In this example, the white LED has a color temperature of approximately 5000K (+/- 0.5%, 1%, 2%, or 5%) and a color rendering index (CRI) of at least 85 or 90 (ie, CRI 85, CRI 90). The overall spectrum of a white LED is shown in Figure 23, which is a graph of output intensity versus wavelength. Although specific colors of LEDs are used in the described embodiments, various color LEDs and combinations thereof are considered to be within the scope of this disclosure.

A similar concept was used to design the sun-like assembly 16 . For example, the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram of Figure 24 shows three exemplary color spaces for LEDs of each of the three colors of LEDs. The color space CS1 is located in the upper left of the diagram and corresponds to green-yellow LEDs emitting green-yellow light. The color space CS2 is located in the lower left of the diagram and corresponds to green-blue LEDs emitting green-blue light. The color space CS3 is located in the lower right part of the diagram and corresponds to red LEDs emitting red and blue light. The combination of these three different colored LEDs allows a great deal of flexibility in controlling the color and color temperature of the light exiting the sun-like assembly 16 . In more focused applications where the sun-like component 16 simulates sunlight and its reflections alone or primarily during sunrise, sunset, and daytime hours, the target range of color space resides along the blackbody curve and extends from about 5600K to 2700K ( included within three, five, seven or ten McAdam ellipses).

For reference, color space CS1 is defined by the following x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.337421, 0.498235), (0.361389, 0.547099), (0.345207, 0.557853), and (0.320079, 0.506653). The color space CS2 is defined by the following x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.253872, 0.284229), (0.281968, 0.363411), (0.269385, 0.367235), and (0.239191, 0.282521). Color space CS3 is defined by the following x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.547946, 0.298632), (0.532764, 0.307913), (0.586923, 0.341618), and (0.602105, 0.332400). Again, these are non-limiting examples provided for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding the concepts described herein.

Referring to Figures 25 and 26, skylight light fixture 10 provides both vertical and horizontal lighting components. The vertical components are provided by the sky-like component 14 and the horizontal components are provided by the sun-like component 16 . Although for the embodiment of Figure 26, the sun-like assembly 16 is not completely vertical, for the purposes of this document, the sun-like assembly 16 is considered to provide a horizontal lighting component. These vertical and horizontal lighting components ultimately combine to provide a composite lighting component that exits skylight luminaire 10 at the exit plane, which is the plane corresponding to the opening of skylight luminaire 10 opposite sky-like component 14 .

The vertical lighting components and the horizontal lighting components are independently controllable with respect to one or more of intensity, color, color temperature, CRI, and the like. Thus, the emission profile associated with the composite lighting component (which is effectively the output of the entire skylight luminaire 10 ) can be controlled by controlling the vertical lighting component provided by the sky-like component 14 and the horizontal lighting provided by the plurality of sun-like components 16 parts to customize. It should be noted that the horizontal lighting components provided by the different sun-like assemblies 16 may be the same or different to provide both symmetric and asymmetric emission profiles. For example, skylight luminaire 10 can be designed to provide the functions described above and still provide a composite lighting component with a desired emission profile having a desired color, color temperature, CRI, or any combination thereof. The emission profile of the composite lighting component may have a normalized intensity profile (ie, a substantially Lambertian Emission profile) to a substantially elliptical, symmetric or asymmetric intensity profile.

Furthermore, by using three or more color LEDs for one or both of the sky-like component 14 and the sun-like component 16, the white light color quality of the composite light output of the overall skylight fixture 10 can be significantly improved. In particular, the CRI of the composite light output of the entire skylight luminaire 10 may be improved.

Regarding CRI, the CRI of an LED-based luminaire is calculated by measuring the CRI rating of the LED-based luminaire for various individual colors (referred to as R1 to R8) and then averaging the results. Interestingly, R9 (red) and R13 (skin/beige) are usually not considered when calculating CRI. These reds and skin tones have a dramatic effect on presenting skin tones in a healthy and natural way and make people feel relaxed and more alert. As a result, lighting may have a high CRI and still lack the red and skin color content necessary to correctly render skin tones and/or enhance mood and alertness. For a given one of the sky-like component 14 and the sun-like component 16, the extended spectrum provided by the use of three or more color LEDs can improve the CRI rating and perceived quality of the composite lighting component. The extended spectrum can also significantly improve the quality of vertical and horizontal lighting components.

Figures 27 and 28 show the improvement in both CRI and R9 of a composite lighting component when three or more colors of LEDs are employed. 27 is a graph of CRI and R9 versus distance from the center nadir (ie, 6 feet from the fixture) for the bi-color LED embodiment of FIG. 17 . The central nadir in this test was approximately 6 feet from the center of the exit plane of the skylight luminaire 10 . FIG. 28 is a graph of CRI and R9 versus distance from center nadir for the tri-color LED embodiment of FIG. 20 . The CRI improved significantly over the entire range, and the CRI curve flattened, indicating a large improvement in CRI at lower distances. The R9 average was also improved.

FIGS. 29 and 30 illustrate techniques for improving the efficacy associated with the entire skylight light fixture 10 , the sun-like assembly 16 , or both the entire skylight light fixture 10 and the sun-like assembly 16 . FIG. 29 illustrates the benefit of having an angle greater than 90° between the inner surface of the sun-like assembly 16 and the inner surface of the sky-like assembly 14 . In essence, the light output distribution of the sun-like assembly 16 tends to be angled toward the exit plane, or in other words, downward toward the exit plane. Angled the light output distribution of the sun-like components 16 downwardly reduces losses associated with light passing through and reflected by the light-emitting surfaces of other sun-like components 16 and sky-like components 14 . Similarly, when the obtuse angle α is:

90°<α≤135°;

95°<α≤130°; or

When 100°<α≤125°,

Experiments have shown particularly effective performance.

Figure 30 shows another embodiment in which the inner surface of the sun-like assembly 16 is substantially vertical, but the optical configuration of the sun-like assembly 16 is such that the light output distribution of the sun-like assembly 16 is oriented or redirected To be biased toward the exit plane, or in other words, angled downward toward the exit plane. This can be provided by angling the plane on which the LED array is positioned, employing diffuser or waveguide structures to redirect light from the LED array, or the like. Allowing more light from the sun-like assembly 16 to escape unobstructed skylight luminaire 10 may also increase the simulation of sunlight passing through traditional skylights at lower angles and illuminating walls more directly, such as during morning or evening And during those fall, winter, and spring months of the year when the Earth remains off-axis relative to the sun (ie, the sun is lower on the horizon during the day).

As described above, the respective sky-like components 14 and sun-like components 16 may be individually controlled such that the light provided by the sky-like components 14 and sun-like components 16 may be at different color points at any given time glow. The specific color point of light from the sky-like component 14 and the sun-like component 16 may be permanently fixed or dynamically controlled such that the color point of the emitted light may be based on user input, predefined programs, or according to any number of variables or change depending on the combination of variables. Variables can range from date, day and time of day to any number of sensor outputs, such as indoor and/or outdoor temperature sensors, light sensors, motion sensors, humidity sensors, rain sensors, and the like.

Sky-like components 14 and sun-like components 16 can be further controlled such that the composite lighting output of skylight fixture 10 achieves a specific color, color temperature, CRI, etc., while achieving other lighting goals, such as simulating traditional skylights in a fixed or dynamic manner. Although simulating traditional skylights has been the subject of much of the discussion thus far, the sky-like components 14 and sun-like components 16 can be controlled to enhance mood, support general and mental health, and/or provide other physiological benefits.

For example, with reference to Rea, M.S. et al., A model of phototransduction by the humancircadian system; Brain Research Reviews 50 (2005) 213-228, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference, the skylight luminaire 10 may be configured to deliver enhanced circadian Rhythmic stimulation. This is accomplished by controlling the ratio between the horizontal and vertical illuminance provided by the sky-like component 14 and the sun-like component 16 . Circadian stimulation is controlled by the spectral power distribution, color temperature and the amount of light delivered to the corresponding characteristic of the human eye. Vertical illuminance, such as that provided by the sun-like assembly 16, appears to have the greatest efficiency in delivering effects on circadian rhythms. The skylight luminaire 10 can provide effective control of this stimulus due to its vertical and horizontal light emitting surfaces and independent spectral and brightness control. Controlling the sky-like component 14 and the sun-like component 16 to provide 35% or more of the regional luminance distribution in the region of 60° to 90° of nadir will provide higher vertical illuminance. This may be provided by increasing the brightness of the sun-like component 16 and reducing or maintaining the brightness of the sky-like component 14 . Additionally, light with higher amounts of red spectral content can be emitted from the sun-like component 16, further modulating circadian rhythms or other alertness stimuli as needed.

The skylight light fixture 10 can control the characteristics of the light throughout the day based on when and how much circadian stimulation is desired. In the morning or during certain time periods in the morning, skylight luminaire 10 increases its 60° to 90° illuminance to 35% or more and alters the spectral power distribution and/or system vertical illuminance to provide >0.3 circadian stimulation , which is the preferred circadian rhythm in humans according to Rea MS, Figueiro MG, Bierman A, Bullough JD; J Circadian Rhythms; 2010 Feb 13;8(1):2 (the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference) entrainment. Later in the day, the skylight luminaire 10 can reduce its circadian stimulus by providing a spectral power distribution and system vertical illuminance that results in a <0.1 circadian stimulus. One factor for this reduction may be to change the 60° to 90° regional illuminance distribution by 35% or less by modifying the emission (brightness and/or spectral content) ratio of the sky-like component 14 and the sun-like component 16 .

In another embodiment, the red spectral content provided by the sun-like assembly 16 may be temporarily increased to increase the red vertical illuminance provided by the skylight luminaire 10 during post-lunch time and/or at night to account for so-called "post-lunch immersion" ” and/or improve nighttime alertness in shift workers. For the potential to increase the alertness of shift workers by exposing them to vertical illuminance of red light, see Figueiro M.G. et al. Biological Research for Nursing 2016, Vol. 18(1)90, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference in this. For the potential to increase human alertness during "post-lunch immersion" by providing increased exposure to red light, see Sahin L., Figueiro M.G., Physiology & Behavior, Volumes 116-117, January 2013, through Reference is incorporated herein. Likewise, all of the above embodiments may be provided while maintaining or not maintaining the desired characteristics of the composite lighting output of the skylight fixture 10 .

Multiple skylight luminaires 10 may be controlled collectively by a remote source, by a master luminaire, or in a distributed fashion to operate cooperatively to present a static or dynamic scene. Depending on the nature of the scene, each of the skylight luminaires 10 may have different or the same light output for the respective sky-like component 14 and sun-like component 16 . In a scene, each of the skylight luminaires 10 may provide the same light output for the scene, so that each of the skylight luminaires 10 has the same appearance for a unified scene. In another scenario, two or more of the skylight luminaires 10 would have different light output configurations, with each skylight luminaire 10 representing a portion of the overall scene. Skylight fixture 10 can also be controlled to provide almost any type of mood, theme, holiday, or similar lighting, where the color, color temperature, brightness, and spectral content of light emitted from sky-like components 14 and sun-like components 16 are only limited by The nature and capabilities of the light source and the limitations of its control. The sunroof light fixture 10 may be controlled or configured to operate in different modes at different times or in response to sensor inputs or external control inputs.

For example, skylight light fixture 10 may be used to simulate a traditional skylight with changing scenarios that track external conditions during business hours and transition to a decorative accent lighting mode during non-business hours. Optionally, skylight light fixture 10 may transition to a mode that increases alertness or provides some other type of circadian stimulation after normal operating hours. Again, this control may be provided by programming of the sunroof light fixture or by remote control independently or based on various inputs from other sensors or the like. The independent control and potential of the different capabilities and configurations of the respective sky-like components 14 and sun-like components 16 provide great flexibility for skylight-shaped lighting fixtures.

FIG. 31 shows a block diagram of a sunroof light fixture 10 capable of providing wired or wireless communication with a remote device 51 . The remote device 51 may be another lighting fixture or skylight fixture 10, a remote control system provided on a server, personal computer, etc., as well as a mobile computing device, such as a smart phone, commissioning tool, dedicated control module, and the like. Communication between the electronic module 18 and the remote device 51 may be wired or wireless, and may work over any type of network technology. The remote device 51 will include a central processing unit (CPU) 53 or the like and associated memory 55 which will include the necessary software for controlling the operation of the remote device 51 and communication with the electronic module 18 . The CPU 53 may be associated with a communication interface 57 which will provide the remote device 51 with the necessary communication capabilities.

FIG. 32 shows an exemplary electronic module 18 associated with the sky-like assembly 14 and one or more sun-like assemblies 16 for the skylight luminaire 10 . In the embodiment shown, the sky-like assembly 14 is expanded to show an LED array that includes a mix of LEDs 59 of different colors. While those skilled in the art will recognize various color combinations, the following example employs a white LED 59 emitting white light at a first wavelength, a blue LED 59 emitting blue light at a second wavelength, and a LED 59 emitting green light at a third wavelength. Green LED 59. The LED array can be divided into strings of LEDs 59 connected in series. In this embodiment, LED string LS1 includes white LEDs 59 and forms a first set of LEDs. LED string LS2 includes blue LEDs 59 and forms a second group of LEDs. LED string LS3 includes green LEDs 59 and forms a third group of LEDs.

The electronic module _{18 controls the drive currents i 1 ,} i ₂ and i ₃ for driving the respective LED strings LS1 , LS2 and LS3 of the sky _- like assembly ₁₄ . The sun-like assembly 16 may be similarly configured and driven by the same or different electronic modules 18 in a similar manner. The ratio of drive currents i ₁ , i ₂ and i ₃ provided through respective LED strings LS1 , LS2 and LS3 can be adjusted to effectively control the emission of white light from white LED 59 of LED string LS1 , blue LED 59 from LED string LS2 The relative intensities of the blue light emitted and the green light emitted from the green LEDs 59 of the LED string LS3. The composite light from each LED string LS1, LS2, and LS3 is mixed to generate an overall light output with the desired color, correlated color temperature (CCT), and intensity, the latter may also be referred to as a dimming level. As noted, the overall light output can exhibit any desired color or CCT.

When simulating a conventional skylight, the overall light output of the sky-like assembly 14 may range from a dark blue in the evening sky to a medium blue in the daytime sky to falling on the desired adjacent range of the black body locus (BBL) or the black body locus (BBL). ) and white light with the desired CCT. The sun-like component 16 is controlled in the same way to simulate direct and reflected sunlight as well as any of the other colors and CCTs described above for effects ranging from decorative to physiological.

The number of LED strings LSx can vary from one to multiple, and different combinations of LED colors can be used in different strings. Each LED string LSx may have LEDs of the same color, variations of the same color, or substantially different colors. In the embodiment shown, each LED string LS1, LS2, and LS3 is configured such that all LEDs 59 in the string are substantially the same in color. However, in some embodiments, the LEDs 59 in each string may vary significantly in color, or be a completely different color. Single string implementations are also contemplated where the current can be adjusted individually for different colored LEDs using bypass circuits or the like.

The electronic module 18 includes an AC-DC conversion circuit 61, a control circuit 60, a communication interface (I/F) 62, and a plurality of current sources, such as a DC-DC converter 64 as shown. The AC-DC conversion circuit 61 is configured to receive an AC signal (AC), rectify the AC signal, correct the power factor of the AC signal, and provide a DC power signal (PWR). The DC power signal may be used to directly or indirectly power control circuitry 60 and any other circuitry provided in electronics module 18 , including DC-DC converter 64 and communication interface 62 .

In response to the control signals CS1, CS2 and CS3, the three corresponding DC-DC converters 64 of the electronic module ₁₈ provide drive currents i1, _i2 and i for the three LED strings LS1, LS2 and LS3 of the sky-like assembly 14 ₃ . As noted, additional drive circuitry may be provided for each of the sun-like assemblies 16 in a similar manner. The drive currents i ₁ , i ₂ and i ₃ may be pulse width modulated (PWM) signals or variable DC signals. If the drive currents i ₁ , i ₂ and i ₃ are PWM signals, the control signals CS1 , CS2 and CS3 may be PWM signals that effectively turn on the corresponding DC during the logic high state of each cycle of the PWM signal - DC converters 64 and turn off the corresponding DC-DC converters 64 during the logic low state of each cycle of the PWM signal. Therefore, the drive currents i ₁ , i ₂ and i ₃ for the three LED strings LS1 , LS2 and LS3 can also be PWM signals. The intensity of light emitted from each of the three LED strings LS1, LS2 and LS3 will vary based on the duty cycle of the corresponding PWM signal.

The control circuit 60 will adjust the duty cycle of the drive current i ₁ , i ₂ and i ₃ provided to each of the LED strings LS1 , LS2 and LS3 to effectively adjust the composite light emitted from the LED strings LS1 , LS2 and LS3 while maintaining the desired intensity, color and/or CCT based on commands from the control circuit 60 . If the drive currents i ₁ , i ₂ and i ₃ for the three LED strings LS1 , LS2 and LS3 are variable DC currents, the control circuit 60 generates control signals CS1 , CS2 and CS3 which control signals CS1 , CS2 and CS3 The DC-DC converter 64 is caused to output drive currents i ₁ , i ₂ and i ₃ at the appropriate DC levels.

Control circuit 60 may include a central processing unit (CPU) 66, such as a microprocessor or microcontroller, and sufficient memory 68 to store the necessary data and software instructions to enable control circuit 60 to function as described herein. As described above, the control circuitry 60 may interact with the communication interface 62 to facilitate wired or wireless communication with other sunroof light fixtures 10 or remote devices.

When the terms "control system" or "control circuit" are used in the claims or generally in the specification, the terms should be construed broadly to include hardware and any additional software or firmware required to provide the recited functions. These terms should not be interpreted as software only, as electronics are required to implement the control systems described herein. For example, the control system may, but need not, include control circuit 60, DC-DC converter 64, AC-DC conversion circuit 58, and the like.

The expression "correlated color temperature" ("CCT") is used according to its well-known meaning to refer to the temperature of the closest black body in color in a well-defined sense (ie, which can be easily and precisely determined by a person skilled in the art). Those skilled in the art are familiar with correlated color temperatures and are familiar with chromaticity diagrams showing color points corresponding to a particular correlated color temperature and areas on the graph corresponding to a particular correlated color temperature range. Light can be said to have a correlated color temperature (ie, its correlated color temperature will be equal to its color temperature) even if its color point is on the blackbody locus; that is, reference herein to light having a correlated color temperature does not preclude having a color on the blackbody locus point of light.

A "light engine" or "light source" can be any structure (or combination of structures) from which light exits. In many cases, a light engine consists of one or more light sources plus one or more mechanical elements, one or more optical elements, and/or one or more electrical elements. In many cases, a light engine is a component of a lighting fixture, ie it is not a complete lighting fixture, but it can be a group or group of discrete LEDs that are spatially separated and controlled as a unit. In some embodiments, for example, a light engine in a lighting fixture may be a set of discrete LEDs (eg, a printed circuit board) mounted on a board (eg, a printed circuit board) spaced from one or more other light engines in the lighting fixture , LED array). In some embodiments, a larger board may include different groups or groups of LEDs occupying different parts of the board, and thus multiple light engines. The light engine may include, for example, a chip-on-board, packaged LEDs, auxiliary optics, and/or control/driver circuitry. In some embodiments, a lighting fixture may include a first light engine including a plurality of LEDs on a first board and a second light engine including a plurality of LEDs on a second board. In some embodiments, a light engine may include multiple LEDs spaced apart from each other (in total) in one dimension, two dimensions, or three dimensions.

For example, a first light engine may be mounted adjacent to a second light engine or laterally spaced from the second light engine but in the same plane as the second light engine, and thus spaced in one dimension. The first light engine may be positioned adjacent to the second light engine or spaced apart from the second light engine, but positioned at an angle to the second light engine or in a second plane, and thus in two dimensions. The first light engine can be offset from the second light engine in two dimensions or three dimensions. The first light engine may be offset or positioned in two, three or more dimensions relative to one or more other light engines. In some embodiments, a light engine may include a single light source (eg, a single LED) or an array of light sources (eg, multiple LEDs, multiple other light sources, or a combination of one or more LEDs and/or one or more other light sources) . In some embodiments, multiple light sources (eg, multiple LEDs) may be on board and controlled together, eg, a control device (which controls the color point of the mix of light from multiple light sources, and/or controls the light from multiple light sources) The brightness of light emitted by one or more of the individual light sources, etc.) may control multiple light sources on the board (and/or may control all light sources on the board).

The expression "light exit area", "light exit surface" or "exit plane" (eg, "at least the first light exit area is at the boundary of space") refers to any area through which light passes (eg, when light exits from light when the space on one side of the area travels to the other side of the light exit area, ie when the light exits the space through the light exit area). For example, if a lighting fixture has a cylindrical surface that defines an interior space (closed at the top and open at the bottom), light may pass through a circular light exit area (ie, such circular light exit) that travels through the bottom of the cylindrical surface. The area is defined by the lower edge of the cylindrical surface) out of this space. Such light exit regions may be open, or may be partially or fully occupied by structures that are at least partially light transmissive (eg, transparent or translucent). For example, the light exit area can be an opening in an opaque structure through which light can exit, the light exit area can be a transparent area in other opaque structures, the light exit area can be an opaque structure covered by a lens or a diffuser, etc. opening in .

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this inventive subject matter belongs. It is also to be understood that unless explicitly so defined herein, terms (such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries) should be construed to have meanings consistent with their meanings in the relevant art and the context of this disclosure, and will not be ideally be interpreted in an overly formalized or overly formalized sense. Those skilled in the art will also understand that a reference to a structure or feature positioned "adjacent" to another feature may have portions that overlap or underlie the adjacent feature.

The color of visible light emitted by a light source and/or the color of mixed visible light emitted by multiple light sources can be represented on a 1931 CIE (Commission Internationale de Illumination) chromaticity diagram or a 1976 CIE chromaticity diagram. Those skilled in the art are familiar with these diagrams and are readily available.

The CIE chromaticity diagram maps the human's in terms of two CIE parameters, namely, x (or ccx) and y (or ccy) (in the case of the 1931 diagram) or u' and v' (in the case of the 1976 diagram) Color perception. Each color point on the corresponding diagram corresponds to a specific hue. For a technical description of the CIE chromaticity diagram, see, eg, "Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology", Vol. 7, 230-231 (edited by Robert A Meyers, 1987). Spectral colors are distributed around the boundaries of the contour space, which includes all hues perceived by the human eye. The boundaries represent the maximum saturation of spectral colors.

The 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram can be used to define a color as a weighted sum of different hues. The 1976 CIE chromaticity diagram is similar to the 1931 diagram, except that similar distances on the 1976 chromaticity diagram indicate similar differences in color perception.

As used herein, the expression "hue" refers to light having a shade of color and saturation corresponding to a particular point on the CIE chromaticity diagram, ie the x-coordinate, y-coordinate on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram or the 1976 CIE chromaticity diagram can be used The color point represented by the u' coordinate and the v' coordinate on the chromaticity diagram.

In the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, deviations from color points on the diagram can be expressed in x-coordinates, y-coordinates, or alternatively, to give an indication of the degree of color perception difference, a MacAdam ellipse (or multilevel McAdam ellipse). For example, a locus of color points defined as ten MacAdam ellipses (also known as "ten-step MacAdam ellipses") from a particular hue defined by a particular set of coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram consists of hues that The hues will each be perceived as different from a particular hue to a common degree (and the same is true for loci defined as points of a MacAdam ellipse spaced by other numbers of the particular hue).

A typical human eye is able to distinguish hues that are more than seven MacAdam ellipses apart from each other (and cannot differentiate hues that are seven or less MacAdam ellipses apart).

Since similar distances on the 1976 map represent similar differences in color perception, the deviation from a point on the 1976 map can be represented by coordinates u' and v', e.g. distance from the point = (Δu' ² +Δv' ² ) ^{1 /2} . This formula gives the value corresponding to the distance between points in a scale of u' coordinate, v' coordinate. A hue defined by a locus of points each at a common distance from a specified color point consists of hues that will each be perceived as being different from the specified hue by a common degree.

A series of points usually represented on a CIE diagram is called a blackbody locus. The chromaticity coordinates (ie, color points) along the blackbody locus correspond to the spectral power distribution obeying Planck's equation: E(λ)=Aλ- ⁵ /(e ^(B/T) -1), where E is emission intensity, λ is the emission wavelength, T is the temperature of the black body, and A and B are constants. The 1976 CIE diagram includes a list of temperatures along the blackbody locus. These temperature lists show the color paths of the black body radiators that are caused to increase to such temperatures. When a heated object becomes incandescent, it first glows red, then yellow, then white, and finally blue. This happens because the wavelength associated with the peak radiation of a blackbody radiator becomes progressively shorter with increasing temperature, in accordance with Wien's displacement law. Thus, a luminaire that produces light on or near the blackbody locus can be described in terms of its color temperature.

The expression "dominant wavelength" is used herein in accordance with its well-known and accepted meaning to refer to the perceived color of the spectrum, i.e. the single wavelength of light that produces the color perception most similar to the perception of color from observation of light emitted by a light source, and In contrast to "peak wavelength", "peak wavelength" is well known to refer to the spectral line with the greatest power in the spectral power distribution of a light source. Because the human eye cannot perceive all wavelengths equally (it perceives yellow and green better than red and blue), and because the light emitted by many solid-state light emitters (eg, light-emitting diodes) is actually a range of wavelengths, the perceived The color (ie, the dominant wavelength) need not be equal to (and is usually different from) the wavelength with the highest power (peak wavelength). The dominant wavelength of truly monochromatic light, such as a laser, is the same as its peak wavelength.

It is well known that light sources emitting light of correspondingly different hue(s) can be combined to generate a mixture of light having a desired hue (eg, non-white light corresponding to a desired color point or white light corresponding to a desired color temperature) Wait)). It is also well known that color points resulting from mixing of colors can be easily predicted and/or designed using simple geometric shapes on the CIE chromaticity diagram. It is also well known that starting from the concept of a desired mixed light color point, one skilled in the art can readily select light sources that, when mixed, will provide the desired mixed light color point of different shades of light.

For example, one skilled in the art may select a first light engine (eg, including a light-emitting diode and a phosphor), plot the color point (ie, the first color point) of light exiting the first light engine on a CIE chromaticity diagram, A desired range (or single desired color point) of color points of the mixed light is drawn, and one or more line segments are drawn through the desired range (or single color point) of color points of the mixed light such that the line segments extend beyond the desired color point. Each line segment drawn in this way will have one end at the first color point, will pass through the range of desired mixed light color points (or desired individual color points), and will have its other end at the second color point. one end.

A second light engine may be provided from which light of the second color point exits, and when the first and second light engines are energized such that light exits the first and second light engines, The color point of the mixed light will necessarily be along the line segment connecting the first color point and the second color point, and the position of the color point of the mixed light along the line segment will be determined by the relative relative light emitted from the first light engine and the second light engine. The brightness is determined (ie, proportional to the relative brightness of the respective light emitted from the first light engine and the second light engine). That is, the greater the proportion of mixed light from the second light engine, the closer the color point of the mixed light is to the second color point; the relationship is geometrically proportional, that is, the color point of the mixed light is proportional to the line segment spaced from the first color point. The fraction of the length is equal to the fraction of the mixed light from the second light engine (and vice versa). Geometrically, the ratio of (1) the distance from the first color point to the color point of the mixed light divided by (2) the distance from the first color point to the second color point will be equal to the brightness of the first light engine (in lumens in lumens) divided by the ratio of the combined brightness (in lumens) of the light in the mix. Therefore, once the light sources (or light engines) that provide the endpoints of the line segments extending through the desired mixed light color point are identified, the first and second light sources (or light sources) required to reach the desired mixed light color point can be calculated by calculating engine) to obtain the desired mixed light color point.

In situations where more than two light sources (and/or light engines) are used (eg, where there is a mixture of light from a first color point of a first light source, light from a second color point of a second light source, and light from a third light source in the case of light with a third color point), a geometric relationship can be used to ensure that the desired color point of the mixed light is obtained (e.g., conceptually, it can be determined from a first light source (or a first light engine) and a second light source ( or second light engine), and then can determine the color point of the mixture or submix (with the first light source (or first light engine) and the second light source (or second light engine) and the third light source (or the combined luminance of the third light engine) color point), and the range of achievable mixed light color points is determined by the perimeter obtained from the drawn lines connecting the corresponding color points of the light source (and/or light engine) limited.

Those skilled in the art will recognize improvements and modifications to the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure. All such improvements and modifications are considered to be within the scope of the concepts disclosed herein and the claims that follow.

Claims (70)

1. A skylight lamp, comprising: a sky-like assembly comprising a sky-like optical assembly and a sky-specific light source, wherein light from the sky-specific light source exits a flat inner surface of the sky-like optical assembly as skylight light; a plurality of sun-like assemblies disposed adjacent to each other and extending downwardly from the periphery of the sky-like assemblies, each sun-like assembly of the plurality of sun-like assemblies comprising a sun-like optical assembly and a sun-specific a light source, wherein light from the sun-specific light source exits the flat inner surface of the sun-like optic as sunlight, wherein the flat inner surface of the sky-like optic and a plurality of sun-like optics a flat inner surface of the assembly defines a cavity; and At least one control module configured to drive the sky-specific light source and each sun-specific light source in a first mode such that the skylight light has a first color point, and one of the plurality of sun-like components The sunlight of at least one sun-like component has a second color point different from the first color point, wherein the flat inner surface of the sky-like optical component is in contact with the sun-like optical component The interior angle formed between the flat inner surfaces of each of the sun-like optical components is an obtuse angle. 2. The skylight light fixture of claim 1, wherein the interior angle is greater than 90° and less than or equal to 135°. 3. The skylight light fixture of claim 1, wherein the interior angle is greater than or equal to 95° and less than or equal to 130°. 4. The skylight light fixture of claim 1, wherein the interior angle is greater than or equal to 100° and less than or equal to 125°. 5. The skylight light fixture of claim 1, wherein: on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the x-coordinate value of said first color point and the x-coordinate value of said second color point differ by at least 0.1; and The first color point falls in the first color space defined by the x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.37, 0.34), (0.35, 0.38), (0.15, 0.20) and (0.20 , 0.14); and The second color point falls in the second color space defined by the x-coordinate, y-coordinate on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.29, 0.32), (0.32, 0.29), (0.41, 0.36), (0.48 , 0.39), (0.48, 0.43), (0.40, 0.41) and (0.35, 0.38). 6. The skylight light fixture of claim 1, wherein: on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the x-coordinate value of said first color point and the x-coordinate value of said second color point differ by at least 0.1; and The first color point falls in the first color space defined by the x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.32, 0.31), (0.30, 0.33), (0.15, 0.17), and (0.17 , 0.14); and The second color point falls in the second color space defined by the x-coordinate, y-coordinate on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.30, 0.34), (0.30, 0.30), (0.39, 0.36), (0.45 , 0.39), (0.47, 0.43), (0.40, 0.41) and (0.35, 0.38). 7. The skylight light fixture of claim 1, wherein: on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the x-coordinate value of said first color point and the x-coordinate value of said second color point differ by at least 0.1; and The first color point falls in the first color space defined by the x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.39, 0.31), (0.34, 0.40), (0.10, 0.20) and (0.16 , 0.06); and The second color point falls in the second color space defined by the x-coordinate, y-coordinate on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.28, 0.36), (0.35, 0.26), (0.44, 0.33), (0.62 , 0.34), (0.50, 0.46), (0.43, 0.45), (0.36, 0.43). 8. The skylight light fixture of claim 1, wherein: on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the x-coordinate value of said first color point and the x-coordinate value of said second color point differ by at least 0.1; and The first color point falls in the first color space defined by the x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.39, 0.31), (0.34, 0.40), (0.10, 0.20) and (0.16 , 0.06); and The second color point falls in the second color space defined by the x-coordinate, y-coordinate on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.28, 0.36), (0.35, 0.26), (0.44, 0.33), (0.62 , 0.34), (0.50, 0.46), (0.43, 0.45), (0.36, 0.43). 9. The skylight light fixture of claim 1, wherein: on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the x-coordinate value of said first color point and the x-coordinate value of said second color point differ by at least 0.1; and The first color point falls in the first color space defined by the x-coordinate, y-coordinate on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.10, 0.20), (0.36, 0.43), (0.43, 0.45), (0.50 , 0.46), (0.62, 0.34), (0.44, 0.33), (0.16, 0.06); and The second color point falls in the second color space defined by the x-coordinate, y-coordinate on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.10, 0.20), (0.36, 0.43), (0.43, 0.45), (0.50 , 0.46), (0.62, 0.34), (0.44, 0.33), (0.16, 0.06). 10. The skylight luminaire of claim 1, wherein the x-coordinate value of the first color point and the x-coordinate value of the second color point differ by at least 0.15 on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram. 11. The skylight luminaire of claim 1, wherein the x-coordinate value of the first color point and the x-coordinate value of the second color point differ by at least 0.2 on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram. 12. The skylight light fixture of claim 1, wherein the x-coordinate value of the first color point is smaller than the x-coordinate value of the second color point on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram. 13. The skylight light fixture of claim 1, wherein the y-coordinate value of the first color point is smaller than the y-coordinate value of the second color point on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram. 14. The skylight light fixture of claim 1, wherein: On the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the x-coordinate value of the first color point is less than the x-coordinate value of the second color point; and On the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the y-coordinate value of the first color point is smaller than the y-coordinate value of the second color point. 15. The skylight luminaire of claim 14, wherein the x-coordinate value of the first color point and the x-coordinate value of the second color point differ by at least 0.15 on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram. 16. The skylight light fixture of claim 1, wherein: the sky-specific light source includes a first LED emitting light having a third color point, a second LED emitting light having a fourth color point, and a third LED emitting light having a fifth color point; and On the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the third color point, the fourth color point, and the fifth color point are spaced apart from each other by at least 0.05 in at least one of the x-direction and the y-direction. 17. The skylight light fixture of claim 16, wherein the first LED emits white light and the third color point is within seven MacAdam ellipses of a black body curve. 18. The skylight luminaire of claim 17, wherein the second LED emits blue light, the third LED emits green light, and the y coordinate of the fourth color point on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram The value differs from the y-coordinate value of the fifth color point by at least 0.1. 19. The skylight light fixture of claim 18, wherein: At least two of the sun-specific light sources include a fourth LED emitting light having a sixth color point, a fifth LED emitting light having a seventh color point, and a fifth LED emitting light having an eighth color point the sixth LED; and On the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the sixth, seventh, and eighth color points are spaced apart from each other by at least 0.05 in at least one of the x-direction and the y-direction. 20. The skylight light fixture of claim 1, wherein: At least two of the sun-specific light sources include a first LED emitting light having a third color point, a second LED emitting light having a fourth color point, and emitting light having a fifth color point the third LED; and On the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the third color point, the fourth color point, and the fifth color point are spaced apart from each other by at least 0.05 in at least one of the x-direction and the y-direction. 21. The skylight light fixture of claim 1, wherein the skylight light and the sunlight provide a composite light output having a color rendering index greater than 90. 22. The skylight light fixture of claim 1, wherein the sky-like component simulates a window of a conventional skylight, and wherein each sun-like component of the plurality of sun-like components simulates passage through the conventional skylight side walls and sunlight reflected from the side walls of the conventional skylight. 23. The skylight light fixture of claim 1, wherein the at least one control module is further configured to independently and variably drive the sky-specific light source and each sun-specific light source such that the first The first color point and the second color point are independently variable. 24. The skylight light fixture of claim 1, wherein the at least one control module is further configured to drive the sky-specific light source and each sun-specific light source such that the first color point and all The second color point changes in time. 25. The skylight light fixture of claim 1, wherein the at least one control module is further configured to drive the sky-specific light source and each sun-specific light source such that the first light source is selected based on time of day. a color point and the second color point. 26. The skylight light fixture of claim 1, wherein the at least one control module is further configured to drive the sky-specific light source and each sun-specific light source such that selection is based on information received from a remote device the first color point and the second color point. 27. The skylight light fixture of claim 1, wherein the at least one control module is further configured to drive the sky-specific light source and each sun-specific light source such that based on sensors provided by at least one sensor Information selects the first color point and the second color point. 28. The skylight light fixture of claim 1, wherein the at least one control module is further configured to drive the sky-specific light source and each sun-specific light source such that the first light source is selected based on outdoor lighting conditions. a color point and the second color point. 29. The skylight light fixture of claim 1, wherein the at least one control module is further configured to drive the sky-specific light source and each sun-specific light source such that the first light source is selected based on outdoor weather conditions. a color point and the second color point. 30. The skylight light fixture of claim 1, wherein the at least one control module is further configured to drive the sky-specific light source and each sun-specific light source such that the first light source is selected based on outdoor environmental conditions. a color point and the second color point. 31. The sunroof light fixture of claim 1, wherein the at least one control module is further configured to drive the each sun-specific light source in a second mode to vary the amount of light provided by the each sun-specific light source The second color point of the sunlight to provide circadian stimulation. 32. The sunroof light fixture of claim 1, wherein the at least one control module is further configured to drive the each sun-specific light source in a second mode to vary the amount of light provided by the each sun-specific light source The second color point of the sun-specific light to have additional red spectral content. 33. The sunroof light fixture of claim 1, wherein the at least one control module is further configured to communicate with other sunroof light fixtures and to drive the sky-specific light source and each sun-specific light source such that all The skylight light and the sunlight are coordinated with the skylight light and the sunlight from the other skylight fixtures. 34. A skylight light fixture, comprising: a skylight assembly, including a skylight optical assembly and a sky-specific light source, wherein light from the sky-specific light source exits a flat inner surface of the sky-like optical assembly as skylight light; a plurality of sun-like assemblies disposed adjacent to each other and extending downwardly from the periphery of the sky-like assemblies, each sun-like assembly of the plurality of sun-like assemblies comprising a sun-like optical assembly and a sun-specific light source , wherein light from the sun-specific light source exits the flat inner surface of the sun-like optical assembly as sunlight, wherein the flat inner surface of the sky-like optical assembly and the plurality of sun-like optical assemblies a flat inner surface defining a cavity; and At least one control module configured to drive the sky-specific light source and each sun-specific light source in a first mode such that the skylight light has a first color point, and one of the plurality of sun-like components The sunlight of at least one sun-like component has a second color point different from the first color point, wherein one of the sky-specific light source and the sun-specific light source includes an emission having a third color A first LED that emits light with a fourth color point, a second LED that emits light with a fourth color point, and a third LED that emits light with a fifth color point. 35. The skylight luminaire of claim 34, wherein on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the third, fourth, and fifth color points in the x-direction and the y-direction They are spaced apart from each other by at least 0.05 in at least one direction. 36. The skylight light fixture of claim 35, wherein the first LED emits white light and the third color point is within seven McAdam ellipses of a black body curve. 37. The skylight luminaire of claim 36, wherein the second LED emits blue light, the third LED emits green light, and the y coordinate of the fourth color point on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram The value differs from the y-coordinate value of the fifth color point by at least 0.1. 38. The skylight light fixture of claim 37, wherein the sky-specific light source includes the first LED, the second LED, and the third LED. 39. The skylight light fixture of claim 38, wherein: At least two of the sun-specific light sources include a fourth LED emitting light having a sixth color point, a fifth LED emitting light having a seventh color point, and a fifth LED emitting light having an eighth color point the sixth LED; and On the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the sixth, seventh, and eighth color points are spaced apart from each other by at least 0.05 in at least one of the x-direction and the y-direction. 40. The skylight light fixture of claim 34, wherein at least one sun-specific light source includes the first LED, the second LED, and the third LED. 41. The skylight luminaire of claim 40, wherein on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the third, fourth, and fifth color points in the x-direction and the y-direction They are spaced apart from each other by at least 0.05 in at least one direction. 42. The skylight light fixture of claim 34, wherein: At least two of the sun-specific light sources include a first LED emitting light having a third color point, a second LED emitting light having a fourth color point, and emitting light having a fifth color point the third LED; and On the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the third color point, the fourth color point, and the fifth color point are spaced apart from each other by at least 0.05 in at least one of the x-direction and the y-direction. 43. The skylight luminaire of claim 34, wherein within the flat inner surface of the sky-like optical assembly and the flat inner surface of each of the sun-like optical assemblies The interior angle formed between the surfaces is an obtuse angle. 44. The skylight light fixture of claim 43, wherein the interior angle is greater than 90° and less than or equal to 135°. 45. The skylight light fixture of claim 43, wherein the interior angle is greater than or equal to 95° and less than or equal to 130°. 46. The skylight light fixture of claim 43, wherein the interior angle is greater than or equal to 100° and less than or equal to 125°. 47. The skylight light fixture of claim 34, wherein: on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the x-coordinate value of said first color point and the x-coordinate value of said second color point differ by at least 0.1; and The first color point falls in the first color space defined by the x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.37, 0.34), (0.35, 0.38), (0.15, 0.20) and (0.20 , 0.14); and The second color point falls in the second color space defined by the x-coordinate, y-coordinate on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.29, 0.32), (0.32, 0.29), (0.41, 0.36), (0.48 , 0.39), (0.48, 0.43), (0.40, 0.41) and (0.35, 0.38). 48. The skylight light fixture of claim 34, wherein: on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the x-coordinate value of said first color point and the x-coordinate value of said second color point differ by at least 0.1; and The first color point falls in the first color space defined by the x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.32, 0.31), (0.30, 0.33), (0.15, 0.17), and (0.17 , 0.14); and The second color point falls in the second color space defined by the x-coordinate, y-coordinate on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.30, 0.34), (0.30, 0.30), (0.39, 0.36), (0.45 , 0.39), (0.47, 0.43), (0.40, 0.41) and (0.35, 0.38). 49. The skylight light fixture of claim 34, wherein: on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the x-coordinate value of said first color point and the x-coordinate value of said second color point differ by at least 0.1; and The first color point falls in the first color space defined by the x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.39, 0.31), (0.34, 0.40), (0.10, 0.20) and (0.16 , 0.06); and The second color point falls in the second color space defined by the x-coordinate, y-coordinate on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.28, 0.36), (0.35, 0.26), (0.44, 0.33), (0.62 , 0.34), (0.50, 0.46), (0.43, 0.45), (0.36, 0.43). 50. The skylight light fixture of claim 34, wherein: on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the x-coordinate value of said first color point and the x-coordinate value of said second color point differ by at least 0.1; and The first color point falls in the first color space defined by the x-, y-coordinates on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.39, 0.31), (0.34, 0.40), (0.10, 0.20) and (0.16 , 0.06); and The second color point falls in the second color space defined by the x-coordinate, y-coordinate on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.28, 0.36), (0.35, 0.26), (0.44, 0.33), (0.62 , 0.34), (0.50, 0.46), (0.43, 0.45), (0.36, 0.43). 51. The skylight light fixture of claim 34, wherein: on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the x-coordinate value of said first color point and the x-coordinate value of said second color point differ by at least 0.1; and The first color point falls in the first color space defined by the x-coordinate, y-coordinate on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.10, 0.20), (0.36, 0.43), (0.43, 0.45), (0.50 , 0.46), (0.62, 0.34), (0.44, 0.33), (0.16, 0.06); and The second color point falls in the second color space defined by the x-coordinate, y-coordinate on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram: (0.10, 0.20), (0.36, 0.43), (0.43, 0.45), (0.50 , 0.46), (0.62, 0.34), (0.44, 0.33), (0.16, 0.06). 52. The skylight luminaire of claim 34, wherein the x-coordinate value of the first color point and the x-coordinate value of the second color point differ by at least 0.15 on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram. 53. The skylight luminaire of claim 34, wherein the x-coordinate value of the first color point and the x-coordinate value of the second color point differ by at least 0.2 on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram. 54. The skylight light fixture of claim 34, wherein the x-coordinate value of the first color point is less than the x-coordinate value of the second color point on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram. 55. The skylight light fixture of claim 34, wherein the y-coordinate value of the first color point is less than the y-coordinate value of the second color point on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram. 56. The skylight light fixture of claim 34, wherein: On the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the x-coordinate value of the first color point is less than the x-coordinate value of the second color point; and On the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, the y-coordinate value of the first color point is smaller than the y-coordinate value of the second color point. 57. The skylight luminaire of claim 34, wherein the x-coordinate value of the first color point and the x-coordinate value of the second color point differ by at least 0.15 on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram. 58. The skylight light fixture of claim 34, wherein the skylight light and the sunlight provide a composite light output having a color rendering index greater than 90. 59. The skylight light fixture of claim 34, wherein the sky-like component simulates a window of a conventional skylight, and wherein each sun-like component of the plurality of sun-like components simulates passage through the conventional skylight side walls and sunlight reflected from the side walls of the conventional skylight. 60. The skylight light fixture of claim 34, wherein the at least one control module is further configured to independently and variably drive the sky-specific light source and each sun-specific light source such that the first light source The first color point and the second color point are independently variable. 61. The skylight light fixture of claim 34, wherein the at least one control module is further configured to drive the sky-specific light source and each sun-specific light source such that the first color point and all The second color point changes in time. 62. The skylight light fixture of claim 34, wherein the at least one control module is further configured to drive the sky-specific light source and each sun-specific light source such that the first light source is selected based on time of day a color point and the second color point. 63. The skylight light fixture of claim 34, wherein the at least one control module is further configured to drive the sky-specific light source and each sun-specific light source such that selection is based on information received from a remote device the first color point and the second color point. 64. The skylight luminaire of claim 34, wherein the at least one control module is further configured to drive the sky-specific light source and each sun-specific light source such that based on sensors provided by at least one sensor Information selects the first color point and the second color point. 65. The skylight light fixture of claim 34, wherein the at least one control module is further configured to drive the sky-specific light source and each sun-specific light source such that the first light source is selected based on outdoor lighting conditions a color point and the second color point. 66. The skylight light fixture of claim 34, wherein the at least one control module is further configured to drive the sky-specific light source and each sun-specific light source such that the first light source is selected based on outdoor weather conditions. a color point and the second color point. 67. The skylight light fixture of claim 34, wherein the at least one control module is further configured to drive the sky-specific light source and each sun-specific light source such that the first light source is selected based on outdoor environmental conditions a color point and the second color point. 68. The sunroof light fixture of claim 34, wherein the at least one control module is further configured to drive the each sun-specific light source in a second mode to vary the power provided by the each sun-specific light source The second color point of the sun's specific light to provide circadian stimulation. 69. The sunroof light fixture of claim 34, wherein the at least one control module is further configured to drive the each sun-specific light source in a second mode to vary the amount of light provided by the each sun-specific light source The second color point of the sunlight to have additional red spectral content. 70. The sunroof light fixture of claim 34, wherein the at least one control module is further configured to communicate with other sunroof light fixtures and to drive the sky-specific light source and each sun-specific light source such that all The skylight light and the sunlight are coordinated with the skylight light and the sunlight from the other skylight fixtures.

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