CN111420264A - Multi-position auxiliary therapeutic apparatus for rheumatoid arthritis - Google Patents

Abstract

A multi-part auxiliary treatment device for rheumatoid arthritis, the invention relates to the technical field of medical devices; it comprises a fixing frame, a fixing mechanism and a medicine feeding mechanism, the fixing frame is arranged in a "U" shape, and the front and rear sides inside the fixing frame are provided with Fixing mechanism, the screw rod in the fixing mechanism is embedded in the No. 1 groove on the lower side wall of the fixing frame, the middle of the fixing mechanism on the front and rear sides is provided with a medicine feeding mechanism, and the fixing tube in the medicine feeding mechanism is fixed in the fixed position. On the inner side wall of one side of the frame; the two ends of the patient’s legs are fixed inside the fixing frame by the front and rear fixing mechanisms respectively, so as to prevent people from using the knee joint in an unconscious state, and the upper and lower parts between the front and rear fixing mechanisms are The medicine mechanism can apply medicine to the patient's leg to speed up the treatment effect, and the invention has the advantages of reasonable setting and low manufacturing cost.

Description

A multi-part adjuvant therapy device for rheumatoid arthritis

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, in particular to a multi-part auxiliary treatment device for rheumatoid arthritis.

Background technique

Rheumatoid arthritis is a kind of disease that mainly affects the joints. The prevalence rate in the population is about 0.5%~1%. After the disease, patients need to protect the joints to protect the joint function. When people walk, the knee joint is affected. There is a lot of dependence. Once rheumatoid arthritis affects the knee joint, patients often need an assisted walking support to support the weight of the body to reduce the pressure on the knee joint. In order to make the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis better, it is often necessary to Adjuvant therapy equipment other than drugs has achieved the best therapeutic effect. When treating rheumatoid arthritis of the knee joint, the patient needs to do as little knee-related activities as possible and keep the knee joint in a natural state of relaxation. Especially when sleeping, people will use the knee joint unconsciously, so it is necessary to use auxiliary treatment equipment. The existing auxiliary treatment equipment has poor positioning effect, poor protection effect, inconvenient installation and disassembly, and needs to be improved. .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to aim at the defects and deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a multi-site auxiliary treatment device for rheumatoid arthritis with reasonable design and convenient use. The inside of the frame prevents people from using the knee joint unconsciously, and the medicine application mechanism between the front and rear fixing mechanisms can apply medicine to the patient's leg to speed up the treatment effect.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows: it includes a fixing frame, a fixing mechanism and a medicine feeding mechanism, the fixing frame is arranged in a "U" shape, and the front and rear sides inside the fixing frame are provided with fixing mechanisms. The screw rod is embedded in the No. 1 groove on the lower side wall of the fixing frame, the middle of the fixing mechanism on the front and rear sides is provided with a medicine feeding mechanism, and the fixing tube in the medicine feeding mechanism is fixed on the inner side wall of one side of the fixing frame. superior;

The above-mentioned fixing mechanism also includes a splint and a guide rod, one end of the screw rod is screwed to the side wall of one side of the No. 1 groove through a bearing, and the other end of the screw rod passes through the other side wall of the No. On the outside of the fixing frame, the screw rod is set with the middle end as the center and the threads on both sides are oppositely arranged. The screw nuts on both ends of the screw rod are fixed with splints. The rear side of the wall is respectively fixed on the linear bearing on the guide rod, the guide rod is embedded in the No. 2 groove on the lower side wall of the fixing frame, and the two ends of the guide rod are respectively fixed with the inner side walls on both sides of the No. 2 groove. connection, the No. 2 groove is arranged on the back side of the No. 1 groove;

The above-mentioned medicine feeding mechanism also includes a connecting pipe, a pumping pump, a conveying pipe and a winding belt. A connecting pipe is inserted on the outer ring wall on one side of the center of the fixed pipe. The connecting pipe is communicated with the fixed pipe, and the other end of the connecting pipe passes through. After the side wall on the left side of the fixing frame, it is connected with the water pump. The water pump is fixed on the outer side wall on one side of the fixing frame. Several conveying pipes are equidistantly inserted on the outer ring wall on the other side of the fixing pipe. It is a medical hose, the other end of the delivery tube is inserted into the winding belt, the outer side wall of the upper side of the delivery tube is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the upper side of the winding belt, and the lower side wall of the delivery tube is provided with several water permeable holes at equal distances. , the water permeable hole is arranged in contact with the inner side wall of the lower side of the wrapping tape.

Further, a hand screw is fixed on one end of the screw rod, and the hand screw is suspended on the outer side of the fixing frame.

Further, a control valve is provided on the outer end of the conveying pipe, and the control valve is suspended on the right side of the fixed pipe.

Further, soft pads are fixed on the inner side walls of the splint.

Further, the fixing frame is composed of a frame body and a connecting plate, the connecting plate is arranged in a "U" shape, and the front and rear sides of the connecting plate are respectively inserted into the grooves on the side walls of the frame body on the front and rear sides, and are connected to each other. The two side walls of the plate are respectively connected with the frame body by bolts, the left side wall of the connecting plate is sleeved on the connecting pipe, and the inner side walls of the frame body on the front and rear sides are respectively fixedly connected with the two ends of the fixing pipe. The cannula and the cannula are formed, the cannula is suspended on one side of the interior of the connecting plate, the two ends of the cannula are respectively sleeved with the cannula, the front and rear sides of the cannula are connected to the cannula, and the two front and rear cannulae are respectively It is fixed on the inner side wall of the frame body on the front and rear sides, one end of the sleeve away from the cannula is sealed by a sealing plug, and the inner ring wall of the other end of the sleeve is provided with a sealing ring, which is connected with the intubation. The outer ring walls are set against each other.

Further, the upper side of the fixing frame is provided with a cover plate, a heating rod is fixed on the center of the lower surface of the cover plate, the heating rod is connected with an external power supply, and support plates are fixed on the left and right sides of the lower surface of the cover plate. , the lower side of the support plate is fixed with a sliding block, and the sliding block is respectively slidably arranged in the sliding grooves on the left and right sides of the fixing frame.

After adopting the above-mentioned structure, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The two ends of the patient's legs are respectively fixed inside the fixing frame by the front and rear fixing mechanisms, so as to prevent people from using the knee joint in an unconscious state;

2. There is a medicine application mechanism between the front and rear fixed mechanisms, and the winding belt in the medicine application mechanism is tied to the patient's leg, so that the medicine can be applied to the patient's leg to speed up the treatment effect;

3. A delivery tube is inserted inside the winding belt. The medicine is pumped into the connecting tube by the pump, and then transferred to the delivery tube through the connecting tube, and finally discharged to the winding belt through the water permeable hole on the delivery tube, which can be adjusted according to the amount of medicine. Delivery of drugs, convenient for multiple application.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of part A in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of part B in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the fixed tube in the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a connecting plate in the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the frame body on the rear side of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a cover plate and a support plate in the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the conveying pipe in the present invention.

Description of reference numbers:

Fixing frame 1, frame body 1-1, connecting plate 1-2, fixing mechanism 2, screw 2-1, splint 2-2, guide rod 2-3, No. 1 groove 2-4, No. 2 groove 2 -5. Medicine feeding mechanism 3, fixed tube 3-1, casing 3-1-1, intubation tube 3-1-2, sealing ring 3-1-3, connecting tube 3-2, water pump 3-3, Conveying pipe 3-4, winding belt 3-5, water permeable hole 3-6, hand screw 4, control valve 5, soft pad 6, cover plate 7, heating rod 8, support plate 9, slider 10.

Detailed ways:

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 9, this specific embodiment adopts the following technical scheme: it includes a fixing frame 1, a fixing mechanism 2 and a medicine feeding mechanism 3, the fixing frame 1 is arranged in a "U" shape, and the upper side of the fixing frame 1 is arranged There is a cover plate 7, the center of the lower surface of the cover plate 7 is fixed with a heating rod 8 by bolts, the heating rod 8 is connected with an external power supply, and the left and right sides of the lower surface of the cover plate 7 are welded and fixed with support plates 9, which support The lower side of the plate 9 is welded and fixed with a slider 10. The slider 10 is slidably arranged in the chute on the left and right sides of the fixing frame 1. When applying medicine, the leg can be heated by the heating rod 8, so as to speed up the The absorption of the legs increases the therapeutic effect. The fixed frame 1 is provided with a fixing mechanism 2 on the front and rear sides. The screw rod 2-1 in the fixing mechanism 2 is embedded in the No. 1 groove 2 on the lower side wall of the fixing frame 1. In -4, the fixing mechanism 2 also includes a splint 2-2 and a guide rod 2-3. The right end of the screw rod 2-1 is screwed to the right side wall of the No. 1 groove 2-4 through a bearing, and the bearing is embedded in a inside the right side wall of the No. 1 groove 2-4, and its outer ring is fixed by welding with the inner side wall on the right side of the No. 1 groove 2-4, and its inner ring is fixed by welding with the right end of the screw rod 2-1. After the left end of 1 passes through the left side wall of No. 1 groove 2-4, it is welded and fixed with the hand screw 4. The screw 2-1 can be easily driven to rotate by hand screw 4. The screw 2-1 is centered on the middle end. The threads on both sides are arranged in opposite directions. The nut on both ends of the screw rod 2-1 is welded and fixed with a splint 2-2. The splint 2-2 on both sides is arranged in an arc shape, and the arcs are set opposite. The inner side of the splint 2-2 Soft pads 6 are glued and fixed on the walls, which can increase the comfort of the patient during use. The rear side of the lower side wall of the splint 2-2 is welded and fixed to the linear bearings on the guide rod 2-3 respectively. The guide rod 2-3 Embedded in the No. 2 groove 2-5 on the lower side wall of the fixing frame 1, the two ends of the guide rod 2-3 are respectively welded and fixed with the inner side walls on both sides of the No. 2 groove 2-5. The No. 2 groove 2 -5 is set on the rear side of No. 1 groove 2-4;

A medicine feeding mechanism 3 is arranged in the middle of the fixing mechanisms 2 on the front and rear sides. The fixing pipe 3-1 in the medicine feeding mechanism 3 is welded and fixed on the inner side wall of one side of the fixing frame 1. The medicine feeding mechanism 3 also includes a connecting pipe 3 -2. The water pump 3-3, the conveying pipe 3-4 and the winding belt 3-5, a connecting pipe 3-2 is inserted on the outer ring wall on the center side of the fixed pipe 3-1, and the connecting pipe is connected with the fixed pipe 3 -1 is connected, the other end of the connecting pipe 3-2 passes through the side wall of the left side of the fixing frame 1, and is connected to the suction pump 3-3, and the suction pump 3-3 is fixed on the outer side of the fixing frame 1 by bolts On the wall, several delivery pipes 3-4 are equidistantly inserted on the outer ring wall on the other side of the fixed pipe 3-1. The delivery pipes 3-4 are medical hoses, and the other ends of the delivery pipes 3-4 are respectively inserted. In the wrapping belt 3-5, the outer side wall of the upper side of the conveying pipe 3-4 and the inner side wall of the upper side of the wrapping belt 3-5 are glued and fixed, and the lower side wall of the conveying pipe 3-4 is provided with several water permeable holes at equal distances. 3-6, the water permeable hole 3-6 is arranged in contact with the inner side wall of the lower side of the winding belt 3-5, and the outer end of the conveying pipe 3-4 is provided with a control valve 5, and the control valve 5 is suspended on the fixed pipe 3-1 On the right side of , the unused delivery pipe 3-4 can be blocked by the control valve 5 to prevent the medicine from flowing out of the delivery pipe 3-4, resulting in waste of medicine;

The fixing frame 1 is composed of a frame body 1-1 and a connecting plate 1-2. The connecting plate 1-2 is arranged in a "U" shape, and the front and rear sides of the connecting plate 1-2 are respectively inserted into the frame body 1-2 on the front and rear sides. 1 In the groove on the side wall, the two side walls of the connecting plate 1-2 are respectively connected with the frame body 1-1 by bolts, the left side wall of the connecting plate 1-2 is sleeved on the connecting pipe 3-2, The inner side wall of the side frame body 1-1 is welded and fixed with the two ends of the fixing tube 3-1 respectively. The fixing tube 3-1 is composed of a sleeve 3-1-1 and an intubation tube 3-1-2. 3-1-2 is suspended on the left side of the connecting plate 1-2, the two ends of the intubation tube 3-1-2 are respectively sleeved with sleeves 3-1-1, and the sleeves 3-1- 1. It is connected with the cannula 3-1-2, and the two front and rear sleeves 3-1-1 are welded and fixed on the inner side wall of the left side of the frame body 1-1 on the front and rear sides respectively. The sleeve 3-1-1 One end away from the cannula 3-1-2 is sealed with a sealing plug, and a sealing ring 3-1-3 is adhered and fixed on the inner ring wall of the other end of the sleeve 3-1-1. The sealing ring 3-1- 3 is set against the outer ring wall of the cannula 3-1-2.

The working principle of this specific embodiment: when using, first place the patient's leg in the fixing mechanism 2 on the front and rear sides of the fixed frame 1, so that it is located between the splints 2-2 on both sides, and then the frame body 1 After the bolts on -1 are loosened, move the frame bodies 1-1 on both sides to both sides respectively until the fixing mechanisms 2 on the front and rear sides are located on the patient's thigh and calf, respectively, and then tighten the bolts, respectively. Turn the hand screw 4 on the front and rear sides, and the hand screw 4 drives the screw rod 2-1 to rotate. Since the threads at both ends of the screw rod 2-1 are set in opposite directions, when the screw rod 2-1 is rotated, the screw nut at both ends of the screw rod 2-1 Then drive the splint 2-2 to move to the center until the splint 2-2 on both sides clamps the legs, and then wrap the wrapping tape 3-5 near the part to be applied to the leg, and open the wrapping tape 3-5 The control valve 5 on one side, and then start the water pump 3-3. The water pump 3-3 pumps the medicine prepared in advance into the connecting pipe 3-2, and the connecting pipe 3-2 delivers the medicine to the fixed pipe 3-1. , the fixed tube 3-1 transports the drug into the delivery tube 3-4, and finally discharges the medicine to the winding belt 3-5 through the water permeable hole 3-6 on the delivery tube 3-4, and passes the winding belt 3-5 to the patient's leg. When the weather is cold, the cover plate 7 can be slid to the position where the medicine is applied, and the heating rod 8 can be activated to heat the patient's leg through the heating rod 8, thereby accelerating the patient's absorption of the drug. speed.

After adopting the above-mentioned structure, the beneficial effects of this specific embodiment are as follows:

1. The two front and rear fixing mechanisms 2 are used to fix both ends of the patient's legs inside the fixing frame 1 respectively, so as to prevent people from using the knee joint unconsciously;

2. A medicine application mechanism 3 is arranged between the front and rear fixing mechanisms 2, and the wrapping belts 3-5 in the medicine application mechanism 3 are tied to the patient's leg, so that medicine can be applied to the patient's leg to speed up the treatment effect;

3. A conveying pipe 3-4 is inserted inside the winding belt 3-5, the medicine is pumped into the connecting pipe 3-2 through the water pump 3-3, and then sent to the conveying pipe 3-4 through the connecting pipe 3-2, Finally, it is discharged to the winding belt 3-5 through the water permeable hole 3-6 on the delivery pipe 3-4, and then the medicine can be delivered according to the amount of medicine, which is convenient for multiple application of medicine;

4. The fixing frame 1 is composed of a frame body 1-1 and a connecting plate 1-2, while the fixing tube 3-1 is composed of an intubation tube 3-1-2 and a sleeve 3-1-1. The frame 1 can adjust the length of the fixing frame 1 through the length of the patient's legs, so it is suitable for patients of different heights;

5. The upper side of the fixing frame 1 is provided with a cover plate 7, and the lower side of the cover plate 7 is provided with a heating rod 8. When applying medicine, the legs can be heated by the heating rod 8, thereby accelerating the absorption of the legs and increasing the treatment effect.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A multi-position auxiliary treatment device for rheumatoid arthritis, characterized in that: it comprises a fixing frame (1), a fixing mechanism (2) and a medicine-feeding mechanism (3), and the fixing frame (1) is arranged in a "U" shape, A fixing mechanism (2) is provided on both the front and rear sides inside the fixing frame (1), and the screw rod (2-1) in the fixing mechanism (2) is embedded in the No. 1 groove on the lower side wall of the fixing frame (1). In (2-4), a medicine feeding mechanism (3) is arranged in the middle of the fixing mechanisms (2) on the front and rear sides, and the fixing tube (3-1) in the medicine feeding mechanism (3) is fixed on the fixing frame (1) on the inner side wall of one side; The above-mentioned fixing mechanism (2) also includes a splint (2-2) and a guide rod (2-3), and one end of the screw rod (2-1) is screwed to the side wall of the No. 1 groove (2-4) side through a bearing. After the other end of the lead screw (2-1) passes through the other side wall of the No. 1 groove (2-4), it is suspended on the outside of the fixing frame (1), and the lead screw (2-1) is in the middle The end is the center and the threads on both sides are oppositely arranged, the screw nuts on both ends of the screw rod (2-1) are fixed with splints (2-2), and the splints (2-2) on both sides are arranged in an arc shape, and the radian The rear side of the lower side wall of the splint (2-2) is respectively fixed on the linear bearing on the guide rod (2-3), and the guide rod (2-3) is embedded on the lower side wall of the fixing frame (1). In the No. 2 groove (2-5) of the No. 2 groove (2-5), both ends of the guide rod (2-3) are fixedly connected to the inner side walls on both sides of the No. 2 groove (2-5). The No. 2 groove (2-5) Set on the rear side of No. 1 groove (2-4); The above-mentioned medicine feeding mechanism (3) further comprises a connecting pipe (3-2), a pumping pump (3-3), a conveying pipe (3-4) and a winding belt (3-5), and a central part of the fixed pipe (3-1) is A connecting pipe (3-2) is inserted on the outer ring wall of the side, the connecting pipe (3-2) is communicated with the fixing pipe (3-1), and the other end of the connecting pipe (3-2) passes through the fixing frame (1) After the side wall on the left side, it is connected with the suction pump (3-3), the suction pump (3-3) is fixed on the outer side wall of one side of the fixing frame (1), and the fixing pipe (3-1) is on the other side. A plurality of conveying pipes (3-4) are equidistantly inserted on the outer ring wall of one side, the conveying pipes (3-4) are medical hoses, and the other ends of the conveying pipes (3-4) are respectively inserted into the wrapping belts. In (3-5), the outer side wall of the upper side of the conveying pipe (3-4) is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the upper side of the wrapping tape (3-5), and the lower side wall of the conveying pipe (3-4) is equidistantly arranged. There are several water-permeable holes (3-6), and the water-permeable holes (3-6) are arranged in contact with the inner side wall of the lower side of the wrapping tape (3-5). 2. A multi-position auxiliary treatment device for rheumatoid arthritis according to claim 1, characterized in that: a hand screw (4) is fixed on one end of the screw rod (2-1), and the hand screw (4) is fixed on one end of the screw rod (2-1). ) is suspended on the outside of the fixing frame (1), and when the screw rod (2-1) needs to be rotated, the screw rod (2-1) is driven to rotate by turning the hand screw (4). 3. A multi-position auxiliary treatment device for rheumatoid arthritis according to claim 1, characterized in that: a control valve (5) is provided on the outer end of the delivery pipe (3-4), and the control valve ( 5) Suspended on the right side of the fixed tube (3-1), when the leg does not need to be completely covered with medicine, close the control valve (5) on the delivery tube (3-4) that is not wound around the patient's leg. 4. The multi-position auxiliary treatment device for rheumatoid arthritis according to claim 1, characterized in that: a soft pad (6) is fixed on the inner wall of the splint (2-2), and the splint (2-2) 2) When immobilizing the patient's leg, the cushion (6) is in contact with the leg. 5. The multi-site auxiliary treatment device for rheumatoid arthritis according to claim 1, wherein the fixing frame (1) is composed of a frame body (1-1) and a connecting plate (1-2), The connecting plate (1-2) is arranged in a "U" shape, and the front and rear sides of the connecting plate (1-2) are respectively inserted into grooves on the side walls of the frame body (1-1) on the front and rear sides. The two side walls of (1-2) are respectively connected with the frame body (1-1) by bolts, the left side wall of the connecting plate (1-2) is sleeved on the connecting pipe (3-2), The inner side wall of one side of the body (1-1) is respectively fixedly connected with both ends of the fixing tube (3-1), and the fixing tube (3-1) is composed of a sleeve (3-1-1) and an intubation tube (3-1). -2) Composition, the cannula (3-1-2) is suspended on one side inside the connecting plate (1-2), and both ends of the cannula (3-1-2) are respectively sleeved with sleeves (3- 1-1), the sleeves (3-1-1) on the front and rear sides are connected with the cannula (3-1-2), and the two sleeves (3-1-1) are fixed on the front and rear sides respectively. On the inner side wall of one side of the frame body (1-1), one end of the sleeve (3-1-1) away from the cannula (3-1-2) is sealed by a sealing plug, and the sleeve (3-1- 1) A sealing ring (3-1-3) is arranged on the inner ring wall of the other end, and the sealing ring (3-1-3) is arranged in conflict with the outer ring wall of the cannula (3-1-2). During use, according to the length of the patient's legs, loosen the bolts on the frame body (1-1), and move the frame bodies (1-1) on both sides to the sides or to the center until the fixing mechanisms ( 2) They are located on the front and rear sides of the legs respectively, and then tighten the bolts to fix the frame body (1-1) with the bolts. 6. A multi-position auxiliary treatment device for rheumatoid arthritis according to claim 1, characterized in that: a cover plate (7) is provided on the upper side of the fixing frame (1), and the cover plate (7) is under the cover plate (7). A heating rod (8) is fixed on the center of the surface, the heating rod (8) is connected with an external power supply, and support plates (9) are fixed on the left and right sides of the lower surface of the cover plate (7). A slider (10) is fixed on the lower side, the slider (10) is slidably arranged in the chute on the left and right sides of the fixing frame (1), and when the weather is hot, the cover plate (7) is moved to the patient's leg On the upper side of the position where the medicine is applied, the heating rod (8) is activated, and the patient's leg is heated by the heating rod (8). 7. A multi-position auxiliary treatment device for rheumatoid arthritis according to claim 1, characterized in that: its working principle: when using, first place the patient's legs on the front and rear sides of the interior of the fixing frame (1). inside the fixing mechanism (2) so that it is located between the splints (2-2) on both sides, and then turn the screw rods (2-1) on the front and rear sides respectively, because the threads at both ends of the screw rod (2-1) are set oppositely , when the screw (2-1) is turned, the nut at both ends of the screw (2-1) drives the splint (2-2) to move toward the center until the splint (2-2) on both sides clamps the legs , then wrap the wrapping tape (3-5) near the site to be applied to the leg, open the control valve (5) on the side of the wrapping tape (3-5), and then start the water pump (3-3), The suction pump (3-3) pumps the medicine prepared in advance into the connecting pipe (3-2), and the connecting pipe (3-2) transports the medicine into the fixed pipe (3-1), and the fixed pipe (3-1) ) deliver the drug into the delivery tube (3-4), and finally discharge the drug to the winding belt (3-5) through the water permeable hole (3-6) on the delivery tube (3-4), and pass the winding belt (3-5). ) in contact with the patient's leg to achieve the effect of dressing.

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