CN110501216A - A creep compression fixture assembly - Google Patents
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0071—Creep
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0252—Monoaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along a single axis of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
- G01N2203/0266—Cylindrical specimens
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
- G01N2203/0423—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils using screws
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种蠕变压缩夹具组件,包括试样及换向器，换向器包括上压块与下压块，上压块的底面及下压块的顶面分别设置有供试样末端伸入的三棱柱状的上下定位孔，上下压块侧壁对应上下定位孔的位置分别设置有从外部贯通至上下定位孔的上下紧固孔，上下紧固孔内设有沿试样横向方向抵紧试样的顶紧部件。本发明优化了试样在安装过程中与压缩夹具中心的平行度，确保试样在压缩过程中的对中性，减小左右变形量的差异，提高了试验精度。扩大了试验应力范围，保证了试验数据的重复性、完整性和操作的安全性。简化了试验步骤，节省试验时间，大大减少试样的使用量和机器的使用次数，更加节能环保。且试样两端不需要加工螺纹，加工简便。
The invention provides a creep compression fixture assembly, which includes a sample and a commutator. The commutator includes an upper pressing block and a lower pressing block. The bottom surface of the upper pressing block and the top surface of the lower pressing block are respectively provided with The upper and lower positioning holes in the shape of a triangular prism protruding from the end, the upper and lower pressure block side walls corresponding to the upper and lower positioning holes are respectively provided with upper and lower fastening holes that penetrate from the outside to the upper and lower positioning holes, and the upper and lower fastening holes are provided along the lateral direction of the sample. The direction is pressed against the clamping part of the sample. The invention optimizes the parallelism between the sample and the center of the compression fixture during the installation process, ensures the centering of the sample during the compression process, reduces the difference in deformation between the left and the right, and improves the test accuracy. The test stress range is expanded to ensure the repeatability, integrity and operation safety of the test data. It simplifies the test steps, saves test time, greatly reduces the amount of samples used and the number of times the machine is used, and is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly. Moreover, there is no need to process threads at both ends of the sample, and the processing is simple.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及蠕变试验设备，尤其是一种蠕变压缩夹具组件。The invention relates to creep test equipment, in particular to a creep compression fixture assembly.
背景技术Background technique
随着我国工业的飞速发展，蠕变时效成形技术也在不断的进步，蠕变时效成形技术是飞机、火箭等大型壁板的主要成形持术，在对铝合金等材料进行实际的蠕变时效成形之前，一般会用有限元软件进行蠕变时效成形仿真，通过软件仿真确定最合适的实际成形方案。而在对材料进行蠕变时效成形仿真前，要对材料的蠕变性能进行测试，常用的是蠕变试验机，将待测试的材料加工成试样，将试样装夹在蠕变试验机的上下拉伸杆之间，在设定的蠕变时效温度中对试样进行蠕变拉伸或压缩试验，以得到试样的拉伸或压缩蠕变量，进而得到材料的蠕变曲线，以提供给蠕变时效成形仿真模型，并最终用于指导实际的蠕变时效成形。With the rapid development of my country's industry, creep aging forming technology is also making continuous progress. Creep aging forming technology is the main forming technique for aircraft, rockets and other large wall panels. In the actual creep aging of aluminum alloy and other materials Before forming, finite element software is generally used for creep aging forming simulation, and the most suitable actual forming scheme is determined through software simulation. Before the creep aging forming simulation of the material, the creep performance of the material should be tested. A creep testing machine is commonly used. The material to be tested is processed into a sample, and the sample is clamped in the creep testing machine. Between the upper and lower tensile rods, the creep tension or compression test is carried out on the sample at the set creep aging temperature to obtain the tensile or compressive creep of the sample, and then to obtain the creep curve of the material. To provide the creep age forming simulation model, and finally used to guide the actual creep age forming.
现有的蠕变试验机对试样进行蠕变压缩试验时，一般采用棒状试样进行试验，棒状试样两端设置有外螺纹，棒状试样两端与压缩夹具的连接方式为直接或间接的螺纹旋接，如中国专利201910244627.4公开的一种蠕变压缩试验装置，其试样上端与上压块螺纹连接，下端与锥形定位器螺纹连接，锥形定位器由下压块上的锥孔定位，以增强试样的对中性。由于螺纹旋接的时候也会存在安装间隙，因此，试样在受压过程中，还是会存在轻微的左右晃动的可能性，对中性不够好，蠕变时效试验过程中试样的左右变形量有一定差别，影响试验数据的准确性，因此，现有技术中需要一种更好的方案，来解决这个问题。When the existing creep testing machine performs the creep compression test on the sample, the rod-shaped sample is generally used for the test. The two ends of the rod-shaped sample are provided with external threads, and the connection mode between the two ends of the rod-shaped sample and the compression fixture is direct or indirect. For example, a creep compression test device disclosed in Chinese patent 201910244627.4, the upper end of the sample is threaded with the upper pressure block, and the lower end is threaded with the tapered locator, which is formed by the cone on the lower pressure block. The holes are positioned to enhance specimen centering. Since there is also an installation gap when the thread is screwed, there is still a possibility that the sample may shake slightly left and right during the compression process, and the neutrality is not good enough, and the left and right deformation of the sample during the creep aging test There is a certain difference in the quantity, which affects the accuracy of the test data. Therefore, a better solution is needed in the prior art to solve this problem.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的在于提供一种一种蠕变压缩夹具组件，以解决背景技术中提出的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a creep compression clamp assembly to solve the problems raised in the background art.
一种蠕变压缩夹具组件，包括试样、顶紧部件一、顶紧部件二及用于连接在蠕变试验机上下连接头之间的换向器，所述换向器包括上压块与下压块，上压块与下压块之间沿蠕变试验机的拉伸方向保持有用于安装所述试样的间距，且该间距值能够调整，所述间距变小时用于对试样提供蠕变压缩加载操作，所述间距变大时用于卸下试样；A creep compression fixture assembly, including a sample, a clamping part 1, a clamping part 2 and a commutator for connecting between the upper and lower joints of a creep testing machine, the commutator includes an upper pressure block and a The lower pressing block, the distance between the upper pressing block and the lower pressing block is maintained along the tensile direction of the creep testing machine for installing the sample, and the spacing value can be adjusted, and the smaller the spacing is used to adjust the sample Provides creep compression loading operations for unloading specimens as the spacing becomes larger;
所述试样的两端外壁均为光滑的圆柱面结构；The outer walls at both ends of the sample are smooth cylindrical structures;
所述上压块的底面设置有供试样上端伸入的三棱柱状的上定位孔，下压块的顶面设置有供试样下端伸入的三棱柱状的下定位孔，上定位孔与下定位孔沿蠕变试验机的拉伸杆轴向方向对齐且二者位置、轮廓与尺寸均相同，上定位孔与下定位孔的内表面均为光滑表面且两者的内切圆柱直径大于待伸入试样端部的直径，以使试样顺利伸入；The bottom surface of the upper pressing block is provided with a triangular prism-shaped upper positioning hole for the upper end of the sample to extend into, and the top surface of the lower pressing block is provided with a lower triangular prism-shaped positioning hole for the lower end of the sample to extend into. Align with the lower positioning hole along the axial direction of the tensile rod of the creep testing machine and the position, contour and size of the two are the same, the inner surfaces of the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole are smooth surfaces, and the diameter of the inscribed cylinder of the two It is larger than the diameter of the end of the sample to be inserted, so that the sample can be inserted smoothly;
所述上压块侧壁对应上定位孔的位置设置有从外部贯通至上定位孔的上紧固孔，所述上紧固孔的轴心线与上定位孔的一条侧棱相交，上紧固孔内设置有所述顶紧部件一，顶紧部件一用于沿上紧固孔的轴向方向抵紧试样上端外壁，使试样上端与上定位孔另两个侧壁贴合并形成相切的位置关系并被锁紧，该两个侧壁的交线为所述与上紧固孔的轴心线相交的侧棱；The position corresponding to the upper positioning hole on the side wall of the upper pressing block is provided with an upper fastening hole penetrating from the outside to the upper positioning hole, the axis of the upper fastening hole intersects with a side edge of the upper positioning hole, and the upper fastening hole The first tightening part is arranged in the hole, and the first tightening part is used to press against the outer wall of the upper end of the sample along the axial direction of the upper fastening hole, so that the upper end of the sample fits with the other two side walls of the upper positioning hole and forms a phase. The positional relationship between the two side walls is locked and the intersection line of the two side walls is the side edge intersecting the axis line of the upper fastening hole;
所述下压块侧壁对应下定位孔的位置设置有从外部贯通至下定位孔的下紧固孔，所述下紧固孔的轴心线与下定位孔的一条侧棱相交，下紧固孔内设置有所述顶紧部件二，顶紧部件二的用于沿下紧固孔的轴向方向抵紧试样下端外壁，使试样下端与下定位孔的两个侧壁贴合并形成相切的位置关系并被锁紧，该两个侧壁的交线为所述与下紧固孔的轴心线相交的侧棱；The position corresponding to the lower positioning hole on the side wall of the lower pressing block is provided with a lower fastening hole penetrating from the outside to the lower positioning hole, the axis line of the lower fastening hole intersects with a side edge of the lower positioning hole, The second fastening part is arranged in the fastening hole, and the second fastening part is used to press against the outer wall of the lower end of the sample along the axial direction of the lower fastening hole, so that the lower end of the sample and the two side walls of the lower positioning hole fit together Forming a tangential positional relationship and being locked, the intersection line of the two side walls is the side edge intersecting the axis line of the lower fastening hole;
所述上紧固孔与下紧固孔的轴心线位于同一与蠕变试验机的拉伸杆轴向方向平行的平面内，使得试样上下两端分别被顶紧部件一与顶紧部件二的末端抵紧并分别与上下定位孔相切时，所述试样上端与下端也刚好位于同一与蠕变试验机的拉伸杆轴向方向平行的平面内，从而实现试样的对中，防止试样在蠕变压缩试验中过早的弯曲。The axis lines of the upper fastening hole and the lower fastening hole are located in the same plane parallel to the axial direction of the tensile rod of the creep testing machine, so that the upper and lower ends of the sample are respectively pressed by the fastening part one and the fastening part When the two ends are pressed tightly and are respectively tangent to the upper and lower positioning holes, the upper end and the lower end of the sample are just located in the same plane parallel to the axial direction of the tensile rod of the creep testing machine, so as to realize the centering of the sample. , to prevent premature bending of the specimen in the creep compression test.
优选的，所述上紧固孔的轴心线与上定位孔的一条侧棱垂直相交，下紧固孔的轴心线与下定位孔的侧棱垂直相交。Preferably, the axis line of the upper fastening hole perpendicularly intersects a side edge of the upper positioning hole, and the axis line of the lower fastening hole perpendicularly intersects a side edge of the lower positioning hole.
进一步的，所述上紧固孔与下紧固孔均为带内螺纹的螺纹孔，所述顶紧部件一与顶紧部件二均为带有外螺纹的螺栓或螺钉，顶紧部件一与顶紧部件二分别在上紧固孔与下紧固孔中朝靠近试样的方向旋进而分别对试样进行紧固。Further, both the upper fastening hole and the lower fastening hole are threaded holes with internal threads, the first tightening part and the second tightening part are bolts or screws with external threads, and the first and second tightening parts are bolts or screws with external threads. The second fastening part is respectively rotated in the upper fastening hole and the lower fastening hole toward the direction close to the sample to fasten the sample respectively.
优选的，所述上定位孔与下定位孔的深度小于或等于待伸入试样的端部的长度，且所述上定位孔与下定位孔的深度大于或等于待伸入试样的端部长度的1/2，以保证装夹的牢固度，又不会影响试样上下凸耳处与引伸装置的连接。Preferably, the depth of the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole is less than or equal to the length of the end to be inserted into the sample, and the depth of the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole is greater than or equal to the length of the end to be inserted into the sample. 1/2 of the length of the part to ensure the firmness of the clamping without affecting the connection between the upper and lower lugs of the sample and the extension device.
进一步的，所述换向器还包括上导向杆、下导向杆、位于上压块上方的上拉伸杆与上连接块，以及位于下压块下方的下拉伸杆与下连接块，上拉伸杆的上端用于连接蠕变试验机的上连接头，上拉伸杆的下端与上连接块固定连接，下拉伸杆的下端用于连接蠕变试验机的下连接头，下拉伸杆的上端与下连接块固定连接，上导向杆从上至下依次穿过上连接块、上压板与下压板上设置的导向孔，所述上导向杆中间部位穿设在上压块上设置的导向孔中，上导向杆上端带有轴肩且该端与上连接块通过螺母一固定连接，上导向杆下端穿过下压块上的导向孔后连接有螺母二；下导向杆从下至上依次穿过下连接块、下压板与上压板上设置的导向孔，所述下导向杆中间部位穿设在下压块上设置的导向孔中，下导向杆上端穿过上压块上的导向孔后连接有螺母三，下导向杆下端带有轴肩且该端通过螺母四与下连接块固定连接。上压块与下压块均可相对上下导向杆滑移，上压块与下压块之间用于安装试样的间距可手动调整。Further, the commutator also includes an upper guide rod, a lower guide rod, an upper stretch rod and an upper connecting block located above the upper pressing block, and a lower stretching rod and a lower connecting block located below the lower pressing block. The upper end of the tensile rod is used to connect the upper connector of the creep testing machine, the lower end of the upper tensile rod is fixedly connected with the upper connecting block, the lower end of the lower tensile rod is used to connect the lower connector of the creep testing machine, and the pull-down The upper end of the extension rod is fixedly connected with the lower connection block, and the upper guide rod passes through the guide holes provided on the upper connection block, the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate from top to bottom, and the middle part of the upper guiding rod is set on the upper pressing block In the set guide hole, the upper end of the upper guide rod has a shaft shoulder and this end is fixedly connected with the upper connecting block through nut one, and the lower end of the upper guide rod passes through the guide hole on the lower pressing block and is connected with nut two; Go through the guide holes provided on the lower connecting block, the lower pressing plate and the upper pressing plate in turn from bottom to top, the middle part of the lower guide rod is set in the guide hole provided on the lower pressing block, and the upper end of the lower guiding rod passes through the guide hole on the upper pressing block. A nut three is connected behind the guide hole, and the lower end of the lower guide rod has a shaft shoulder and this end is fixedly connected with the lower connecting block by a nut four. Both the upper pressing block and the lower pressing block can slide relative to the upper and lower guide rods, and the distance between the upper pressing block and the lower pressing block for installing the sample can be adjusted manually.
本发明至少具有以下有益效果：The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
本发明通过改变压缩夹具与棒状试样间的装夹方式，解决压缩蠕变试验过程中由于试样与压缩夹具间的安装间隙使试样对中性较差，导致试样左右变形差距较大，蠕变量测量精度差的问题，本发明主要应用于测量单轴压缩蠕变时效试验时的微小变形，本发明可以解决以下几个问题：In the present invention, by changing the clamping mode between the compression fixture and the bar-shaped sample, the center of the sample is poor due to the installation gap between the sample and the compression fixture during the compression creep test, resulting in a large gap between the left and right deformation of the sample. , the problem of poor creep measurement accuracy, the present invention is mainly used in measuring the tiny deformation during uniaxial compression creep aging test, and the present invention can solve the following problems:
1、优化了试样在安装过程中与压缩夹具中心的平行度，确保试样在压缩过程中的对中性，减小左右变形量的差异，可明显提高微小变形的测量精度。1. Optimize the parallelism between the sample and the center of the compression fixture during the installation process, ensure the centering of the sample during the compression process, reduce the difference between the left and right deformations, and significantly improve the measurement accuracy of small deformations.
2、解决了在较高应力水平下由于试样易发生弯曲而导致时效时间无法达到试验要求的问题，扩大了试验应力范围，保证了试验数据的完整性，为科学研究提供更全面的试验结果。2. Solve the problem that the aging time cannot meet the test requirements due to the easy bending of the sample at a high stress level, expand the test stress range, ensure the integrity of the test data, and provide more comprehensive test results for scientific research .
3、减小了试样在压缩过程中失稳和弯曲的可能性，使试样的稳定性较好，良好的保证了试验机器的安全性。且试验测量数据的准确性和可重复性好，避免了使用以往压缩夹具时需多次重复试验的现象，简化了试验步骤，节省试验时间，大大减少试样的使用量和机器的使用次数，更加节能环保。3. It reduces the possibility of instability and bending of the sample during the compression process, so that the stability of the sample is better, and the safety of the testing machine is well guaranteed. Moreover, the accuracy and repeatability of the test measurement data are good, avoiding the phenomenon of repeated tests when using the previous compression fixture, simplifying the test steps, saving test time, and greatly reducing the amount of samples used and the number of times the machine is used. More energy saving and environmental protection.
4、本发明将现有的棒状试样两端的外螺纹结构改为光滑的圆柱状结构，用于伸入上下定位孔中，一方面可增加试样与定位孔之间的接触面积，增强试样的装夹牢固度，另一方面可减少试样加工至成品所需经历的步骤，节省人工与成本。4. The present invention changes the external thread structure at both ends of the existing rod-shaped sample into a smooth cylindrical structure, which is used to extend into the upper and lower positioning holes. On the one hand, it can increase the contact area between the sample and the positioning hole, and strengthen the test surface. On the other hand, it can reduce the steps required to process the sample to the finished product, saving labor and cost.
除了上面所描述的目的、特征和优点之外，本发明还有其它的目的、特征和优点。下面将参照图，对本发明作进一步详细的说明。In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings.
附图说明Description of drawings
构成本申请的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：The accompanying drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and the schematic embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the attached picture:
图1是本发明优选实施例的蠕变压缩夹具组件整体安装结构图；Fig. 1 is the overall installation structure diagram of the creep compression fixture assembly of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明优选实施例的蠕变压缩夹具组件试样装夹位置处的细节放大图；Fig. 2 is a detailed enlarged view at the clamping position of the sample of the creep compression clamp assembly of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明优选实施例的蠕变压缩夹具组件试样装夹位置处的内部剖视结构图；Fig. 3 is an internal cross-sectional structure diagram at the clamping position of the sample of the creep compression clamp assembly of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图4是以现有压缩夹具进行的第一组第一次压缩蠕变试验试验得到的变形量随时间变化曲线图；Fig. 4 is the curve diagram of the variation with time of the amount of deformation obtained by the first group of compression creep test tests carried out with existing compression fixtures;
图5是以现有压缩夹具进行的第一组第二次压缩蠕变试验试验得到的变形量随时间变化曲线图；Fig. 5 is the curve diagram of the variation with time of the amount of deformation obtained by the first group of second compression creep test tests carried out with existing compression fixtures;
图6是以本发发明优选实施例的蠕变压缩夹具组件进行的第二组压缩蠕变试验得到的变形量随时间变化曲线图；Fig. 6 is the curve diagram of the variation of deformation with time obtained by the second group of compression creep tests carried out with the creep compression fixture assembly of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图7是以本发发明优选实施例的蠕变压缩夹具组件进行的第三组压缩蠕变试验得到的变形量随时间变化曲线图。Fig. 7 is a graph showing the variation of deformation with time obtained from the third set of compression creep tests performed with the creep compression fixture assembly of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图中：1-上压块，11-上定位孔，12-上紧固孔，13-上导向杆，14-上拉伸杆，15-上连接块，16-螺母一，17-螺母三，2-下压块，21-下定位孔，22-下紧固孔，23-下导向杆，24-下拉伸杆，25-下连接块，26-螺母二，27-螺母四，3-试样，4-顶紧部件一，5-顶紧部件二。In the figure: 1- upper pressing block, 11- upper positioning hole, 12- upper fastening hole, 13- upper guide rod, 14- upper stretching rod, 15- upper connecting block, 16- nut one, 17- nut three , 2-lower pressure block, 21-lower positioning hole, 22-lower fastening hole, 23-lower guide rod, 24-lower tension rod, 25-lower connecting block, 26-nut two, 27-nut four, 3 -sample, 4-jacking part 1, 5-jacking part 2.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明，但是本发明可以根据权利要求限定和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention can be implemented in various ways defined and covered by the claims.
参见图1～图3的一种蠕变压缩夹具组件，包括试样3，顶紧部件一4、顶紧部件二5及用于连接在蠕变试验机上下连接头(即上连接头与下连接头，图中未示出)之间的换向器，换向器包括上压块1与下压块2，上压块与下压块之间沿蠕变试验机的拉伸方向保持有用于安装试样3的间距，且该间距值可以在蠕变试验机的驱动下调整，所述间距可变小而用于对试样提供蠕变压缩加载操作，间距可变大而用于卸下试样3；本实施例中，试样3的两端外壁为光滑的圆柱面结构。Referring to a creep compression fixture assembly shown in Figures 1 to 3, it includes a sample 3, a clamping part 1 4, a clamping part 2 5 and upper and lower connectors (that is, the upper connector and the lower connector) used to connect to the creep testing machine. connector, not shown in the figure), the commutator includes an upper briquetting block 1 and a lower briquetting block 2, between the upper briquetting block and the lower briquetting block along the stretching direction of the creep testing machine. The spacing between the specimens 3 is installed, and the spacing value can be adjusted under the drive of the creep testing machine. The spacing can be small to provide creep compression loading operation for the specimen, and the spacing can be large to be used for unloading. Lower sample 3; in this embodiment, the outer walls at both ends of the sample 3 are smooth cylindrical structures.
上压块的底面设置有供试样上端伸入的三棱柱状的上定位孔11，下压块的顶面设置有供试样下端伸入的三棱柱状的下定位孔21，上定位孔与下定位孔沿蠕变试验机的拉伸杆轴向方向对齐且二者位置、轮廓与尺寸均相同，上定位孔与下定位孔的内表面光滑且两者的内切圆直径大于待伸入试样端部的直径；本实施例中，上定位孔与下定位孔的横截面均为正三角形。The bottom surface of the upper pressing block is provided with a triangular prism-shaped upper positioning hole 11 for the upper end of the sample to extend into, and the top surface of the lower pressing block is provided with a triangular prism-shaped lower positioning hole 21 for the lower end of the sample to extend into. Align with the lower positioning hole along the axial direction of the tensile rod of the creep testing machine and the position, contour and size of the two are the same, the inner surface of the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole is smooth, and the diameter of the inscribed circle of the two is larger than that Into the diameter of the end of the sample; in this embodiment, the cross-sections of the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole are equilateral triangles.
上压块侧壁对应上定位孔的位置设置有从外部贯通至上定位孔的上紧固孔12，所述上紧固孔的轴心线与上定位孔的一条侧棱相交，上紧固孔内设置有顶紧部件一4，顶紧部件一的末端沿上紧固孔的轴向方向抵紧棒状试样上端外壁，使棒状试样上螺纹端与上定位孔另两个侧壁贴合并形成相切的位置关系，该两个侧壁的交线为所述与上紧固孔的轴心线相交的侧棱；The position corresponding to the upper positioning hole on the side wall of the upper pressing block is provided with an upper fastening hole 12 penetrating from the outside to the upper positioning hole. The axis line of the upper fastening hole intersects with a side edge of the upper positioning hole, and the upper fastening hole There is a tightening part 1 inside, and the end of the tightening part 1 presses against the outer wall of the upper end of the rod-shaped sample along the axial direction of the upper fastening hole, so that the upper threaded end of the rod-shaped sample fits together with the other two side walls of the upper positioning hole. Forming a tangential positional relationship, the intersection line of the two side walls is the side edge intersecting the axis line of the upper fastening hole;
下压块侧壁对应下定位孔的位置设置有从外部贯通至下定位孔的下紧固孔22，下紧固孔的轴心线与下定位孔的一条侧棱相交，下紧固孔内设置有顶紧部件二5，顶紧部件二的末端沿下紧固孔的轴向方向抵紧棒状试样下端外壁，使棒状试样下螺纹端与下定位孔的两个侧壁贴合并形成相切的位置关系，该两个侧壁的交线为所述与下紧固孔的轴心线相交的侧棱；The position corresponding to the lower positioning hole on the side wall of the lower pressing block is provided with a lower fastening hole 22 penetrating from the outside to the lower positioning hole. The axis line of the lower fastening hole intersects with a side edge of the lower positioning hole. The top tightening part 2 is provided, and the end of the top tightening part 2 presses against the outer wall of the lower end of the rod-shaped sample along the axial direction of the lower fastening hole, so that the lower threaded end of the rod-shaped sample fits and forms a joint with the two side walls of the lower positioning hole. Tangential positional relationship, the intersection line of the two side walls is the side edge intersecting the axis line of the lower fastening hole;
本实施例中，上紧固孔与下紧固孔的轴心线沿水平方向设置且位于同一与蠕变试验机的拉伸杆轴向方向平行的平面内，使得试样上下两端分别被顶紧部件一与顶紧部件二抵紧并分别与上下定位孔相切时，所述试样上端与下端也刚好位于同一与蠕变试验机的拉伸杆轴向方向平行的平面内，从而实现试样的对中，防止试样在蠕变压缩试验中过早的弯曲。In this embodiment, the axes of the upper fastening hole and the lower fastening hole are set along the horizontal direction and are located in the same plane parallel to the axial direction of the tensile rod of the creep testing machine, so that the upper and lower ends of the sample are respectively When the top tightening part 1 is pressed against the top tightening part 2 and is respectively tangent to the upper and lower positioning holes, the upper end and the lower end of the sample are also just located in the same plane parallel to the axial direction of the tensile rod of the creep testing machine, so that Achieving centering of the specimen prevents premature bending of the specimen during creep compression testing.
本实施例中，上紧固孔的轴心线与上定位孔的一个棱柱面垂直相交，与该棱柱面相对的侧棱也与上紧固孔的轴心线垂直相交，下紧固孔的轴心线与下定位孔的一个棱柱面垂直相交，与该棱柱面相对的侧棱也与下紧固孔的轴心线垂直相交。In this embodiment, the axis line of the upper fastening hole perpendicularly intersects a prism surface of the upper positioning hole, and the side edge opposite to the prism surface also perpendicularly intersects the axis line of the upper fastening hole, and the lower fastening hole The axis line perpendicularly intersects a prism surface of the lower positioning hole, and the side edge opposite to the prism surface also perpendicularly intersects the axis line of the lower fastening hole.
本实施例中，所述上定位孔与下定位孔的深度等于待伸入试样端部的长度，以保证装夹的牢固度，又不会影响试样上下凸耳处与引伸装置的连接。In this embodiment, the depth of the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole is equal to the length to be inserted into the end of the sample, so as to ensure the firmness of the clamping without affecting the connection between the upper and lower lugs of the sample and the extension device. .
本实施例中，换向器还包括上导向杆13、下导向杆23、位于上压块上方的上拉伸杆14与上连接块15，以及位于下压块下方的下拉伸杆24与下连接块25，上拉伸杆的上端用于连接蠕变试验机的上连接头，上拉伸杆的下端与上连接块固定连接，下拉伸杆的下端用于连接蠕变试验机的下连接头，下拉伸杆的上端与下连接块固定连接，上导向杆从上至下依次穿过上连接块、上压板与下压板上设置的导向孔，所述上导向杆中间部位穿设在上压块上设置的导向孔中，上导向杆上端带有轴肩且该端与上连接块通过螺母一16固定连接，上导向杆下端穿过下压块上的导向孔后连接有螺母二26。下导向杆从下至上依次穿过下连接块、下压板与上压板上设置的导向孔，所述下导向杆中间部位穿设在下压块上设置的导向孔中，下导向杆上端穿过上压块上的导向孔后连接有螺母三17，下导向杆下端带有轴肩且该端通过螺母四27与下连接块固定连接。上压块与下压块均可相对上下导向杆滑移，上压块与下压块之间用于安装试样3的间距可手动调整。In this embodiment, the commutator also includes an upper guide rod 13, a lower guide rod 23, an upper stretch rod 14 and an upper connecting block 15 positioned above the upper pressing block, and a lower stretch rod 24 and an upper connecting block positioned below the lower pressing block. Lower connecting block 25, the upper end of the upper tensile rod is used to connect the upper connector of the creep testing machine, the lower end of the upper tensile rod is fixedly connected with the upper connecting block, and the lower end of the lower tensile rod is used for connecting the creep testing machine. The lower connecting head, the upper end of the lower stretching rod is fixedly connected with the lower connecting block, the upper guiding rod passes through the guiding holes provided on the upper connecting block, the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate in sequence from top to bottom, and the middle part of the upper guiding rod passes through Set in the guide hole provided on the upper pressing block, the upper end of the upper guide rod has a shaft shoulder and this end is fixedly connected with the upper connecting block through a nut-16, and the lower end of the upper guide rod passes through the guide hole on the lower pressing block and is connected with a Nut 2:26. The lower guide rod passes through the guide holes set on the lower connecting block, the lower pressing plate and the upper pressing plate in sequence from bottom to top. The guide hole on the briquetting block is connected with nut three 17 behind, and the lower guide rod lower end has an axle shoulder and this end is fixedly connected with the lower connection block by nut four 27. Both the upper pressing block and the lower pressing block can slide relative to the upper and lower guide rods, and the distance between the upper pressing block and the lower pressing block for installing the sample 3 can be adjusted manually.
本实施例中，顶紧部件一与顶紧部件二均采用带内六角孔的螺栓。In this embodiment, both the first tightening component and the second tightening component use bolts with inner hexagonal holes.
试样装夹时，将试样上下两端分别放入三棱柱状的上下定位孔内，试样的上下两端面与上下定位孔的内底面完全接触后，旋紧上下紧固孔中用于锁紧的内六角螺栓，利用顶紧式径向受力的锁紧方法，将试样两端锁紧在三棱柱的定位内，此时即完成试样与换向器的连接，因为上下两定位孔完全平行，且试样与换向器在安装过程中不会左右晃动，良好的保证了试样与压缩夹具的平行度，减小试样在压缩蠕变试验过程中左右变形不对称的现象，使试验数据准确性更高，并且由于保证了良好的对中性，使试样的稳定性较好，解决了在较高应力水平下试样易发生弯曲的问题。When clamping the sample, put the upper and lower ends of the sample into the upper and lower positioning holes in the shape of a triangular prism. The locked hexagon socket bolts use the locking method of top-tight radial force to lock the two ends of the sample in the positioning of the triangular prism. At this time, the connection between the sample and the commutator is completed, because the upper and lower two The positioning holes are completely parallel, and the sample and the commutator will not shake left and right during the installation process, which ensures the parallelism between the sample and the compression fixture and reduces the asymmetric deformation of the sample during the compression creep test. The phenomenon makes the test data more accurate, and because of the good centering, the stability of the sample is better, which solves the problem that the sample is prone to bending under a high stress level.
在试验过程中，蠕变试验机的驱动系统将力传递给上下活动拉杆，使上下拉杆分别向上和向下移动，试样所需的压应力状态通过换向器来实现，换向器将蠕变机的拉应力转换为试样的压应力。During the test, the driving system of the creep testing machine transmits the force to the upper and lower movable rods, so that the upper and lower rods move up and down respectively, and the required compressive stress state of the sample is realized by the commutator, which will The tensile stress of the transformer is converted into the compressive stress of the sample.
试样固定好后，在试样上安装上下引伸杆组，引伸杆的下方连接位移传感器，实时测量试样的变形数据，在试样中部表面固定热电偶，保证试样的温度与试验设定的蠕变机炉内温度基本一致。在控制蠕变机的电脑上设置具体的试验参数，试验步骤以及各步骤的数据采点频率。After the sample is fixed, the upper and lower extension rod groups are installed on the sample, and the displacement sensor is connected under the extension rod to measure the deformation data of the sample in real time. A thermocouple is fixed on the middle surface of the sample to ensure that the temperature of the sample is consistent with the test setting. The temperature in the creep machine furnace is basically the same. Set specific test parameters, test steps and data collection frequency of each step on the computer controlling the creep machine.
试验结束后即可从蠕变试验机的PC显示屏上获得详细的蠕变量数据，包括左变形量，右变形量，平均变形量和相对伸长量。其中左变形量和右变形量随时间变化曲线的重合度，是判断试样变形均匀性以及试样是否发生弯曲的重要参考，若左右变形基本一致，说明试样变形较为均匀且没有基本没有弯曲，此时的蠕变数据准确性高，可用作后续的科学分析。After the test, the detailed creep data can be obtained from the PC display screen of the creep testing machine, including left deformation, right deformation, average deformation and relative elongation. Among them, the coincidence of the left and right deformation curves with time is an important reference for judging the uniformity of sample deformation and whether the sample is bent. If the left and right deformations are basically the same, it means that the sample deformation is relatively uniform and there is basically no bending. , the creep data at this time is highly accurate and can be used for subsequent scientific analysis.
为了验证本发明的蠕变压缩夹具在试样对中性与稳定性方面的有益效果，本发明以珠海三思泰捷电气设备有限公司生产的SUST-D5蠕变试验机为试验设备，蠕变试验机力控误差精度为±3N，配套辅助加热炉温度控制精度为±2℃。蠕变量整体测量系统包括：上引伸杆组、下引伸杆组和炉外的位移传感器组成。在蠕变时效过程中试样的蠕变量则通过上引伸杆组与下引伸杆组的左右引伸杆来传递给炉外的位移传感器读取。其中位移传感器为光栅线位移传感器，其精度为5×10-4mm。In order to verify the beneficial effect of the creep compression fixture of the present invention on the neutrality and stability of the sample, the present invention uses the SUST-D5 creep testing machine produced by Zhuhai Sansi Taijie Electric Equipment Co., Ltd. as the test equipment, and the creep test The error accuracy of machine force control is ±3N, and the temperature control accuracy of the supporting auxiliary heating furnace is ±2°C. The overall creep measurement system includes: the upper extension rod group, the lower extension rod group and the displacement sensor outside the furnace. During the creep aging process, the creep value of the sample is transmitted to the displacement sensor outside the furnace for reading through the left and right extension rods of the upper extension rod group and the lower extension rod group. The displacement sensor is a grating line displacement sensor with an accuracy of 5×10 -4 mm.
以上述蠕变试验机进行单轴恒应力压缩蠕变时效对比试验，试验分为三组，三组试验所使用的试样均为状态完全相同的2219铝合金蠕变试样，其中：The above-mentioned creep testing machine was used to conduct the uniaxial constant stress compression creep aging comparison test. The tests were divided into three groups. The samples used in the three groups were all 2219 aluminum alloy creep samples with the same state. Among them:
第一组以现有的压缩夹具(选用的现有的压缩夹具与中国专利201910244627.4公开的结构相同)和两端为螺纹状的试样进行三次试验条件完全相同的压缩蠕变试验，试验条件为：试验温度165℃，升温速率5℃/min，时效时间9h，应力大小120MPa；The first group uses the existing compression fixture (the selected existing compression fixture is the same as the structure disclosed in Chinese patent 201910244627.4) and a sample with threaded ends to perform three compression creep tests with exactly the same test conditions. The test conditions are: : The test temperature is 165°C, the heating rate is 5°C/min, the aging time is 9h, and the stress is 120MPa;
第二组以本发明的蠕变压缩夹具对两端为光滑圆柱状结构的试样进行三次与第一组试验条件完全相同的压缩蠕变试验；The second group uses the creep compression fixture of the present invention to carry out three compression creep tests completely identical with the first group of test conditions to the sample whose two ends are smooth cylindrical structures;
第三组以本发明的蠕变压缩夹具对两端为光滑圆柱状结构的试样进行两次完全相同的压缩蠕变试验，除应力大小为180MPa外，其余试验条件与第二组相同。The third group used the creep compression fixture of the present invention to carry out two identical compression creep tests on samples with smooth cylindrical structures at both ends, except that the stress was 180 MPa, and the other test conditions were the same as the second group.
第一组三次试验的蠕变量分别为第一次0.27％(具体可参见图4的曲线图)，第二次0.215％(具体可参见图5的曲线图)，第三次0.259％，第一、二、三次试验的左右变形量差异分别为0.022mm，0.029mm，0.018mm(左右相差约21％，32％，18％)，但此左右变形量差异依然较大。可见用现有的压缩夹具进行蠕变试验时，试验可重复性较差，试验数据准确度不高，对试验数据的分析造成了很大的困难，需要进行多次重复试验后才能确定较为准确的试验结果；The creep values of the first group of three tests were respectively 0.27% for the first time (see the graph of Figure 4 for details), 0.215% for the second time (see the graph of Figure 5 for details), 0.259% for the third time, and 0.259% for the third time. The difference between the left and right deformations of the first, second, and third tests were 0.022mm, 0.029mm, and 0.018mm (about 21%, 32%, and 18%) respectively, but the difference between the left and right deformations is still relatively large. It can be seen that when the creep test is performed with the existing compression fixture, the repeatability of the test is poor, and the accuracy of the test data is not high, which causes great difficulties in the analysis of the test data, and it is necessary to carry out repeated tests to determine the accuracy. test results;
第二组三次试验的蠕变量分别为第一次0.264％，第二次0.266％，第三次0.263％，三次试验的左右变形量差异均较小，左右变形量差异在0.005-0.008mm(左右相差6％-9％)之间，三次试验的应变量随时间变化曲线基本上均可用图6的曲线图表示；The creep values of the second group of three tests are respectively 0.264% for the first time, 0.266% for the second time, and 0.263% for the third time. Difference between left and right 6%-9%), the strain variable with time curve of three tests basically all can be represented by the curve diagram of Fig. 6;
第三组两次试验的蠕变量分别为第一次0.608％和第二次0.603％，左右变形量差异均较小，约为0.006～0.007mm(左右相差4％-6％)，两次试验的应变量随时间变化曲线基本上均可用图7的曲线图表示。The creep values of the two tests in the third group were 0.608% for the first time and 0.603% for the second time, and the difference between the left and right deformations was small, about 0.006-0.007mm (the difference between the left and right was 4%-6%). The variation curve of the strain with time of the test can basically be represented by the graph in Figure 7.
从以上数据可知，以第二组与第三组试验为代表的本发明的蠕变压缩夹具组件与现有压缩夹具相比明显减小，且实验数据可重复性高，一般进行两次相同试验即可确定较为准确的试验数据。From the above data, it can be seen that the creep compression fixture assembly of the present invention, represented by the second group and the third group of tests, is significantly smaller than the existing compression fixtures, and the experimental data is highly repeatable. Generally, the same test is carried out twice More accurate test data can be determined.
另外在三组试验过程中，发明人发现，现有的压缩夹具在试样安装过程中由于试样与换向器为间隙连接，试样安装后依然会轻微晃动，而蠕变时效试验的蠕变量很小，测量十分精密，即使是轻微的晃动对蠕变时效时试样的左右变形也有很大影响，因此需要试验人员依靠目测试样与压缩夹具的平行度来尽量保障数据的准确性，但此方法对试验人员的操作要求很高，且试验结果不确定性大。因此现有的压缩夹具所测量出来的蠕变数据精度不够高，只能得到出大致的数据范围和试验规律。In addition, during the three sets of tests, the inventors found that the existing compression fixtures still vibrate slightly after installation due to the gap connection between the sample and the commutator during the sample installation process, while the creep aging test The variable is small and the measurement is very precise. Even a slight shaking has a great influence on the left and right deformation of the sample during creep aging. Therefore, the tester needs to rely on the parallelism between the visual test sample and the compression fixture to ensure the accuracy of the data as much as possible , but this method has high requirements for the operation of the test personnel, and the uncertainty of the test results is large. Therefore, the accuracy of creep data measured by existing compression fixtures is not high enough, and only approximate data ranges and test rules can be obtained.
而改进后的本发明的压缩夹具组件在安装试样的过程中不再需要试验人员依靠目测，安装操作简单，且将试验数据准确度高，基本可以精确到具体数值，避免试验的重复操作，极大缩短了试验时间，并且扩大了试验应力范围，为科研人员进行高精度的数据分析和理论研究提供了可靠保障。同时试样的使用量大大减少，有效节约了材料的使用量和加工费用，符合节能环保的理念。However, the improved compression fixture assembly of the present invention no longer requires testers to rely on visual inspection in the process of installing the sample, the installation operation is simple, and the accuracy of the test data is high, which can basically be accurate to specific values, avoiding repeated operations of the test, The test time is greatly shortened, and the test stress range is expanded, which provides a reliable guarantee for scientific researchers to conduct high-precision data analysis and theoretical research. At the same time, the use of samples is greatly reduced, which effectively saves the use of materials and processing costs, and conforms to the concept of energy saving and environmental protection.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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