Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a proximal shaping instrument so as to solve the problems that the proximal shaping instrument in the prior art does not have an indexing function, cannot be aligned and positioned accurately and is not suitable for an integrated prior hip femoral stem implantation operation.
To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The proximal end face of the proximal end test die and the proximal end face of the proximal end shaper are respectively provided with proximal end test die indexing teeth and shaper indexing teeth matched with the distal end test die indexing teeth.
Preferably, the number of the distal test pattern indexing teeth, the proximal test pattern indexing teeth and the shaper indexing teeth is 9-72, such as 12, 18, 24 or 36.
Preferably, the distal test die is of a cone structure, and the taper is 2-8 degrees, such as 3 degrees, 4 degrees, 5 degrees or 6 degrees.
Preferably, the outer conical surface of the distal test pattern forms a ridge.
Preferably, a center hole is formed in the center of the proximal end face of the distal test die, the center hole comprises an unthreaded hole and a threaded hole which are communicated with each other, and the threaded hole is far away from the proximal end face.
Preferably, the proximal test die and the proximal shaper are respectively provided with a test die screw matched with the distal test die, the tail part of the test die screw sequentially comprises a light shaft part and a thread part from the proximal end to the distal end, the centers of the distal end surfaces of the proximal test die and the proximal shaper are respectively provided with a proximal light hole and a shaper center hole, when the proximal test die or the proximal shaper is matched with the distal test die, the light shaft part of the test die screw is positioned in the light holes of the proximal light hole or the shaper center hole and the distal test die, and the thread part of the test die screw is matched with the threaded hole of the distal test die.
Preferably, a pin for preventing the test screw from falling out of the proximal end former is arranged on the hole wall of the central hole of the former of the proximal end former.
Preferably, the proximal end of the proximal shaper is provided with a pull-out groove for pulling out the proximal shaper.
Preferably, the proximal forming instrument further comprises a sighting device and a proximal forming milling cutter, wherein a sighting hole is formed in the proximal forming device, the sighting device is arranged in the sighting hole, the sighting device comprises a handle, a rod part fixed at the lower end of the handle and a vertical plate fixed on the side wall of the rod part, a milling cutter frame is arranged on the vertical plate, and the proximal forming milling cutter is arranged in the milling cutter frame.
Preferably, the distal end of the rod part is provided with a groove, the handle is a handle with a surface covered with silica gel, and the vertical plate is provided with scale marks.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The proximal end forming instrument provided by the invention has an indexing function, is suitable for use in an integrated operation of implanting a hip femoral stem, and enables positioning to be more accurate;
according to the near-end forming instrument, the far-end test die, the near-end test die and the unthreaded hole arranged on the near-end forming device have the auxiliary indexing tooth matching effect, so that the positioning accuracy is further improved;
The distal test die of the proximal forming instrument provided by the invention has an anti-rotation function;
The pin arranged on the hole wall of the central hole of the proximal end shaper of the proximal end shaping apparatus can prevent the screw from falling off;
after the proximal end shaper of the proximal end shaping apparatus provided by the invention is used, the proximal end of the proximal end shaper is conveniently pulled out due to the pull-out groove arranged at the proximal end of the proximal end shaper;
The vertical plate of the sighting device of the proximal end forming instrument provided by the invention is provided with the scales, is convenient to process and easy to align, is beneficial to controlling the milling depth of the proximal end forming milling cutter, and can be used for milling a notch at the proximal end of a femur, and the notch can be matched with the pull-out groove of the neck of the femoral stem prosthesis to prevent the femoral stem prosthesis from sinking and rotating.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the marking stage assembly of the proximal modeling instrument provided in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the assembly of the proximal modeling apparatus provided in example 1 during a shaping phase;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a distal test pattern in a proximal modeling apparatus provided in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction A-A in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a bottom view of a proximal test pattern in the proximal modeling apparatus provided in example 1;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction B-B in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a bottom view of the proximal shaper of the proximal shaping instrument provided in example 1;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction C-C in FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the sight of the proximal modeling apparatus provided in example 1;
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of a proximal end mill in the proximal end forming apparatus according to embodiment 1.
Wherein:
1. Remote test die 2 test die screw
3. Proximal end former of proximal end test mould 4
5. Proximal end forming milling cutter of sighting device 6
11. Distal test die indexing tooth of ridge 12
13. Center hole
31. Proximal test pattern indexing tooth 32 neck
33. Proximal unthreaded hole 34 connection
41. Shaper indexing teeth 42 pin
43. Aiming hole of rod body 44
45. The central hole 46 of the former is pulled out of the groove
51. Shank 52 milling cutter frame
53. Scale 54 handle
55. Positioning hole of vertical plate 56
61. Pin 62 cutting edge
63. The positioning shaft 64 is a drill interface.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc., are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first", "a second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, mechanically connected, electrically connected, directly connected, indirectly connected via an intervening medium, or in communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in a specific case.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below by the specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Hereinafter, distal and proximal refer to distance from the torso unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a proximal shaping apparatus includes a distal test die 1, wherein the distal test die 1 is connected with a proximal test die 3 or a proximal shaper 4 by a test die screw 2, a sight 5 penetrates the proximal shaper 4, and a proximal shaping mill 6 is mounted on the sight 5.
The proximal end face of the distal test die 1 is provided with a distal test die indexing tooth 12, the distal end faces of the proximal test die 3 and the proximal shaper 4 are respectively provided with a proximal test die indexing tooth 31 and a shaper indexing tooth 41 matched with the distal test die indexing tooth 12, and the structure can realize an indexing function, is applicable to integrated anterior hip femoral stem implantation surgery, is convenient to operate and is convenient to align.
The number of the distal test pattern indexing teeth 12, the proximal test pattern indexing teeth 31 and the former indexing teeth 41 is 9 to 72, and in this embodiment, 36.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the distal test die 1 has a cone structure, the taper is 2 ° to 8 °, the embodiment is 5 °, the outer cone forms ridges 11, and the number of the ridges is four. When the distal test mold 1 is driven into the femoral medullary cavity, the convex ridge 11 is embedded into the cortical bone of the femoral medullary cavity, so that the distal test mold 1 is prevented from rotating, and the cone structure facilitates driving of the distal test mold 1.
The center of the proximal end face of the distal test die 1 is provided with a center hole 13, the center hole 13 comprises a unthreaded hole and a threaded hole which are communicated with each other, and the threaded hole is arranged on one side of the distal end.
The near-end test die 3 and the near-end shaper 4 are respectively provided with a test die screw 2 matched with the far-end test die 1, the tail part of the test die screw 2 sequentially comprises a light shaft part and a thread part from the near end to the far end, the centers of the far end surfaces of the near-end test die 3 and the near-end shaper 4 are respectively provided with a near-end light hole 33 and a shaper center hole 45, when the near-end test die 3 or the near-end shaper 4 is matched with the far-end test die 1, the light shaft part of the test die screw 2 is positioned in the near-end light hole 33 or the shaper center hole 45 and the light hole of the far-end test die 1, and the thread part of the test die screw 2 is matched with the thread hole of the far-end test die 1.
The test screw has the functions of fixing the distal test die and the proximal test die or the proximal shaper, and simultaneously has the function of assisting in matching the indexing teeth.
The wall of the former central bore 45 of the proximal former 4 is provided with a pin 42. The pin 42 ensures that its own screw does not come out of the proximal shaper when loosened, causing loss or falling into the intramedullary canal, resulting in difficult surgery.
The proximal end of the proximal end former 4 is provided with a pulling groove 46 for pulling out the proximal end former, so that the proximal end former 4 and the distal end test die 1 can be pulled out together, and the operation is convenient.
As shown in fig. 9, the sight 5 includes a handle 54, a rod portion 51 fixed to the lower end of the handle 54, and a vertical plate 55 fixed to a side wall of the rod portion 51, wherein a milling cutter holder 52 is disposed on the vertical plate 55, and a positioning hole 56 is formed at the distal end of the rod portion 51.
The handle 54 is a handle with a silica gel covered surface, the vertical plate 55 is provided with scale marks 53, and when the sighting device moves downwards to the state that the scale marks on the vertical plate 55 are flush with the upper end surface of the proximal end former 4, the sighting device is milled to the required depth.
In addition to the improvements described above, the design of the proximal test die, proximal former, sight and proximal formed mill may be referred to corresponding instruments in the S-ROM cube sold by DePuyOrthopaedics, inc.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the proximal test module 3 includes a connecting portion 34 and a neck portion 32, the neck portion 32 forms an included angle with the connecting portion 34, and a proximal optical hole 33 is provided in the center of the connecting portion 34 for connecting with the distal test module 1.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the proximal shaper 4 includes a rod body 43, a shaper center hole 45 is provided in the center of the rod body 43, an aiming hole 44 is provided in the sidewall of the shaper center hole 45 so that the center hole communicates with the outside, and the aiming hole 44 is used for placing the rod portion 51 of the aimer 5.
As shown in fig. 10, the proximal end mill 6 includes a pin 61, and the pin 61 is provided with a cutting edge 62, a positioning shaft 63, and a drill interface 64 in this order from the distal end to the proximal end.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the partial structure of embodiment 1 is modified, and the partial structure is not mentioned.
The number of the distal trial indexing teeth 12, the proximal trial indexing teeth 31 and the former indexing teeth 41 is 9.
The distal test die 1 has a cone structure, and the taper is 2 degrees.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the partial structure of embodiment 1 is modified, and the partial structure is not mentioned.
The number of the distal trial indexing teeth 12, the proximal trial indexing teeth 31 and the former indexing teeth 41 is 72.
The distal test die 1 has a cone structure, and the taper is 8 degrees.
The operation method during the operation by using the proximal modeling apparatus according to one of embodiments 1 to 3 is as follows:
(1) The method comprises the steps of (1) beating a distal test mould into a femoral marrow cavity, then putting a proximal test mould into the femoral marrow cavity, adjusting the matching of index teeth on the end faces of the proximal test mould and the distal test mould to enable the neck direction of the proximal test mould to be aligned with the direction of an original femoral neck, connecting the distal test mould with the proximal test mould through a test mould screw, marking the neck direction, disassembling the test mould screw after completing test, and taking down the proximal test mould;
(2) The method comprises the steps that a proximal end shaper is matched with a distal test die through index teeth arranged on the end face, and the index teeth arranged on the distal end face of the proximal end shaper are completely consistent with the index teeth of the proximal test die and can refer to the neck direction marked in the previous step during matching, so that the direction of an aiming hole of the proximal end shaper is consistent with the direction marked in the previous step when the proximal end shaper is matched with the distal test die, and the proximal end shaper is fixedly installed with the distal test die through a screw in the proximal end shaper after the direction is determined;
(3) The rod part of the sighting device penetrates into the central hole of the near-end forming device, the rod part of the sighting device is clamped in the sighting hole of the near-end forming device, the milling direction is consistent with the direction marked before, therefore, when the femoral stem is installed in the milled groove, the neck direction of the femoral stem is consistent with the direction of the original femoral neck, scale marks are arranged on the vertical plate, when the sighting device moves downwards to be flush with the upper end face of the near-end forming device, namely, when the sighting device is milled to the required depth, the head pin shaft of the near-end forming milling cutter is inserted into the hole of the rod part of the sighting device, the front section is provided with a cutting edge, the middle section positioning shaft penetrates into the milling cutter frame hole of the sighting device to be positioned, the tail part is provided with an electric drill interface, and the near-end forming milling cutter rotates along with the electric drill to form milling movement, so that near-end forming operation is completed.
(4) After the proximal shaping operation is completed, a special extraction instrument can be used, and the proximal shaper and the distal test mold are extracted together by utilizing the proximal groove.
The proximal forming instrument solves the problems that an original proximal forming instrument structure has no indexing function and cannot meet the requirements of an integral type early hip femoral stem implantation operation and the like, a distal test die, a proximal test die and a unthreaded hole formed in a proximal forming instrument have the function of assisting in indexing tooth matching, the distal test die has an anti-rotation function, a pin arranged on the hole wall of a central hole of the proximal forming instrument can prevent a screw carried by the proximal forming instrument from falling off, after the proximal forming instrument is used, the proximal forming instrument is convenient to pull out due to a pull-out groove formed in the proximal end of the proximal forming instrument, scales are arranged on a vertical plate of a sighting device, the graduation is convenient to process and easy to align, and a notch milled in the proximal end of a femur of the forming instrument can prevent the integral type femoral stem prosthesis from sinking and rotating. The applicant declares that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that any changes or substitutions that are easily conceivable within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed by the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention and the disclosure.