CN114619748A - 碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜、制备方法和制得的太阳能界面蒸发装置 - Google Patents
碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜、制备方法和制得的太阳能界面蒸发装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜、制备方法和制得的太阳能界面蒸发装置。该单向导湿光热膜是利用浸渍法将肝素钠分散的羧基化碳纳米管墨水整理到纤维素纤维无纺布上,得到碳纳米管基无纺布,然后通过静电纺丝技术在碳纳米管基无纺布表面喷覆一层聚氨酯纳米纤维,构筑出具有单向导湿功能的光热膜,进一步结合支撑层、引流层以及隔热层自上而下组装成新型太阳能界面蒸发装置。本发明制备的光热膜具有优异的单向导湿性能,并基于此设计太阳能界面蒸发装置,相较于传统的太阳能界面蒸发装置,本发明的太阳能界面蒸发装置因单向导湿光热膜的存在而具有更高的蒸发速率和良好的环保性,可用于海水淡化、废水处理等领域,具有潜在的市场前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于节能环保领域,特别涉及一种碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜及太阳能界面蒸发装置。
背景技术
随着全球人口数量的增加以及人们生活水平的不断提高,人们对清洁水的需求越来越大,但各种生活污水、工业废水的直接排放,严重污染水源,这也导致清洁水资源严重短缺,预计2025年全球将有30亿人口缺水。近年来,太阳能作为一种清洁、可再生的绿色能源,已被广泛用于光催化、光热转化等环保领域,其中基于界面光热转化原理净化污水技术因其低成本、低维护且环境友好而被重点关注。
界面太阳能光热蒸发体系的光热效率是影响水源净化的关键因素。近几年,人们主要从两个方面提高界面太阳能蒸发效率。一是采用具有较高光学宽带吸收和太阳热能转换的先进光热材料;另一个是构建与设计合适的热量管理系统来降低热量散失。由于水的蒸发是一个表面主导的液体-蒸汽转化过程,只有极薄的表面水层可以转化为蒸汽,而加热大量的水会造成大量能量的浪费,因此,合理的结构设计对于提高太阳能界面光热转化效率具有重要意义。
当羧基化碳纳米管用于太阳能光热蒸发体系时,可以通过将光能转化成热能促进水分的蒸发;还可以通过与水分子产生相互作用来改变水的相变行为,即通过氢键将水分子限制在纳米尺寸的孔中,这种限制作用导致表面驱动的相变,从而改变相界,即改变水分子之间的氢键网络,使得水分子间的作用力减弱,降低蒸发潜热;此外,碳纳米管作为一维纳米材料,具有较高的长径比,更重要的是,羧基化碳纳米管也具有良好的亲水性,较容易形成具有吸湿功能的碳纳米管基无纺布材料,进一步结合疏水性聚氨酯纳米纤维膜可构建出具有单向导湿功能的光热材料,可以明显改善水分子的渗透通量,实现了水快速传输的同时避免反渗。
虽然羧基化碳纳米管具有一定的亲水性,但因其表面能大、粒子间具有较强的吸附力、表面分子及原子间有很大的静电力和范德华力作用,π-π键间的相互作用也导致其很难在水中均匀分散,这也会严重影响其在无纺布上的均匀性。因此,如果能找到合适的材料将碳纳米管均匀稳定分散,同时又不会对水体引入有害物质,将极大地拓宽碳纳米管墨水在环保领域的应用。
肝素钠是一种黏多糖类物质,系由猪、牛、羊的肠黏膜中提取的硫酸氨基葡萄糖的钠盐,在人体内系由肥大细胞分泌而自然存在于血液中。在实际研究中发现,肝素钠在水溶液中呈明显的负电荷,类似于表面活性剂的功能,但其本身又具有很好的环保性能,将其与碳纳米管在水中共混分散可以发现其具有良好的分散稳定性和环保性能,肝素钠的排放不会对水体造成污染。
因此,本发明是基于羧基化碳纳米管和肝素钠的亲水性,以纤维素纤维无纺布为基底,结合静电纺丝技术,尝试制备具有单向导湿功能的光热膜,进一步结合支撑层、引流层以及隔热层,构建出具有单向导湿功能的太阳能界面蒸发装置。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明开发了一种碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜及利用该碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜制得的太阳能界面蒸发装置。该单向导湿光热膜是利用浸渍法将肝素钠分散的羧基化碳纳米管导电墨水整理到纤维素纤维无纺布上,得到碳纳米管基无纺布,然后通过静电纺丝技术在碳纳米管基无纺布表面喷覆一层聚氨酯纳米纤维,构筑出具有单向导湿功能的光热膜,进一步结合支撑层、引流层以及隔热层自上而下依次组装成新型太阳能界面蒸发装置。本发明制备的光热膜具有优异的单向导湿性能,并基于此设计出一种新型太阳能界面蒸发装置。相较于传统的太阳能界面蒸发装置而言,本发明设计的太阳能界面蒸发装置因单向导湿光热膜的存在而具有更高的蒸发速率和良好的环保性,可用于海水淡化、废水处理等领域,具有潜在的市场前景。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜及太阳能界面蒸发装置,其特征在于,所述的单向导湿光热膜是由碳纳米管基导电墨水、纤维素纤维无纺布、聚氨酯纳米纤维膜组成,具体制备步骤为:
步骤(1):将肝素钠加入到去离子水中,搅拌溶解得到透明的肝素钠溶液;将羧基化碳纳米管加入到肝素钠溶液中,搅拌混合并置于冰水浴中超声处理得粗制的碳纳米管分散液;将粗制碳纳米管分散溶液进行离心分离,收集上清液并重复离心,得到高分散碳纳米管溶液;
步骤(2):将纤维素纤维无纺布浸入步骤(1)制得的高分散碳纳米管导电墨水中,在一定浴比条件下浸渍后进行数次浸轧-烘干操作,浸轧-烘干后得碳纳米管基无纺布;
步骤(3):将聚氨酯加入到四氢呋喃与N, N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合溶液中,40℃条件下搅拌4~6h,得到聚氨酯纺丝液,以碳纳米管基无纺布作为接收基材,将聚氨酯纺丝液进行静电纺丝喷覆到碳纳米管基无纺布表面,得到具有单向导湿功能的微纳结构光热膜即碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜。
进一步,所述步骤(1)中的肝素钠分子量为4500~28000,所述肝素钠占去离子水质量的0.75%~1.50%;所述碳纳米管与肝素钠的质量比为1.0:(1.5~3.0)。
进一步,所述步骤(1)中的超声时间为30~60 min,离心速率为5000 r/min,每次离心10~15 min,重复离心1~3次。
进一步,所述步骤(2)中的纤维素纤维无纺布为棉纤维无纺布或黏胶纤维无纺布。
进一步,所述步骤(2)中的浸渍时间为10~15min,浴比为1:(30~50),浸轧-烘干次数为4~7次,控制带液率在70~100%。
进一步,所述步骤(3)中聚氨酯纺丝液的质量分数为12%~14%,四氢呋喃与N, N-二甲基甲酰胺的质量比为1:1。
进一步,所述步骤(3)中的静电纺丝条件为:纺丝电压为20~25 kV,纺丝溶液总流量为0.06~0.10 mL/min,纺丝针头与接收装置的垂直距离为15~20 cm,纺丝时间为1~2h,接收滚筒转速150 rpm/min。
利用本发明所述的制备方法制得的碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜。
一种太阳能界面蒸发装置,由碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜、支撑层、引流层以及隔热层自上而下依次组装而成;所述碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜为利用本发明所述的制备方法制得的碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜。
进一步,所述的支撑层为聚丙烯材料的空心圆台,引流层为棉型纱布,隔热层为二氧化硅气凝胶;所述的棉型纱布包裹在二氧化硅气凝胶表面。
本发明单向导湿光热膜及太阳能光热蒸发装置的工作原理为:顶部的光热层捕获并收集太阳能,并在较少能量损失下将其转化为热能;支撑层用于保持光热膜在吸水后的平整性;引流层提供水通道,将水从体积水中不断汲到顶部光热层;底部隔热层起到了热屏障的作用,避免界面水向体积水散热,保证蒸发过程中产生的热量集中。本发明最重要的顶部光热层中的微纳结构双层单向导湿膜,能将体积水沿纤维膜的垂直方向向上,而膜中的水不会反向流回体积水中,从而最大限度地减少了热损失。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)本发明创新地提出了肝素钠溶液分散碳纳米管,相较于传统的表面活性剂如十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)排放至水体会引起环境污染,而肝素钠具有良好的生物安全性、环保性、对水体无污染、对人体无害,利用肝素钠分散的碳纳米管溶液可制备出纤维表面均匀分布碳纳米管的光热无纺布材料。
(2)本发明制备的具有单向导湿功能的碳纳米管基光热膜是由疏水性聚氨酯纳米纤维和亲水性碳纳米管基无纺布构筑而成,微纳结构和亲疏水梯度赋予其单向导湿功能,限制了光热膜表面的水经引流层反渗回去,有效的保存光热膜表面的热量,可显著提升光热膜的蒸发速率。
(3)本发明设计的太阳能界面蒸发装置是由具有单向导湿功能的碳纳米管基光热膜、支撑层、引流层以及隔热层自上而下依次组装而成。该装置中隔热层二氧化硅气凝胶具有超疏水性,可在水面上自漂浮;引流层的存在也避免了光热膜与体积水的大面积接触,进一步提升了光热膜的蒸发速率。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中未加肝素钠时羧基化多壁碳纳米管(左)和添加肝素钠时羧基化多壁碳纳米管(右)在去离子水中的聚集状态图。
图2为本发明实施例1和实施例2所制备的碳纳米管基黏胶纤维无纺布的场发射扫描电镜图。
图3为本发明实施例1中所得光热膜的单向导湿试验图。
图4为本发明单向导湿光热膜的导湿机理图。
图5为本发明实施例1的太阳能界面蒸发装置示意图。
图6为本发明实施例1的光热膜在太阳能界面蒸发装置中的汲水过程示意图。
图7为本发明实施例1所制备的光热膜在1 kW/m2光照条件下,无装置有太阳光、无装置没有太阳光、有装置下(没有太阳光、纯水、0.8%NaCl、1.4%NaCl、3.5%NaCl、4.1%NaCl)的蒸发速率图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有付出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜的制备方法,具体步骤为:
(1)将1.0 g分子量为6000的肝素钠加入到100 mL去离子水中,搅拌溶解得到透明的肝素钠溶液,然后将 0.5 g羧基化多壁碳纳米管加入肝素钠溶液中,搅拌混合并置于冰水浴中超声50 min后得到粗制的碳纳米管分散液,进一步在离心机中以5000 r/min条件下离心15 min,收集上清液并重复离心2次,得到高分散碳纳米管导电墨水。
(2)将1.0 g黏胶纤维无纺布浸入40 mL高分散碳纳米管导电墨水中,浸渍10 min后进行两浸两轧,控制带液率在80%,浸轧-烘干5次后可得浸渍5次的碳纳米管基黏胶无纺布。
(3)将6.5 g聚氨酯溶解于25 g的N, N-二甲基甲酰胺和25 g四氢呋喃的混合溶液中,40℃条件下搅拌5h得到质量分数为13%的聚氨酯纺丝液,采用静电纺丝装置将聚氨酯纺丝液分别喷覆在裁剪好的碳纳米管基无纺布基材上,控制纺丝电压为22 kV,纺丝溶液总流量为0.08 mL/min,纺丝针头与接收滚筒之间的垂直距离为16 cm,纺丝时间1.5h,接收滚筒转速150 rpm/min,烘干得到碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜。
如图5所示,将本实施例制得的碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜折叠成锥形,紧贴聚丙烯空心圆台后放置在包裹二氧化硅气凝胶的棉型纱布上,即可得到太阳能界面蒸发装置。
实施例2
一种碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜的制备方法,具体步骤为:
(1)将1.0 g分子量为6000的肝素钠加入到100 mL去离子水中,搅拌溶解得到透明的肝素钠溶液,然后将 0.5 g羧基化多壁碳纳米管加入肝素钠溶液中,搅拌混合并置于冰水浴中超声50 min后得到粗制的碳纳米管分散液,进一步在离心机中以5000 r/min条件下离心15 min,收集上清液并重复离心2次,得到高分散碳纳米管导电墨水。
(2)将1.0 g黏胶纤维无纺布浸入30 mL高分散碳纳米管导电墨水中,浸渍15 min后进行两浸两轧,控制带液率在80%,浸轧-烘干4次后可得浸渍4次的碳纳米管基黏胶无纺布。
(3)将7.0 g聚氨酯溶解于25 g的N, N-二甲基甲酰胺和25 g四氢呋喃的混合溶液中,40℃条件下搅拌6h得到质量分数为14%的聚氨酯纺丝液,采用静电纺丝装置将聚氨酯纺丝液分别喷覆在裁剪好的碳纳米管基无纺布基材上,控制纺丝电压为25 kV,纺丝溶液总流量为0.06 mL/min,纺丝针头与接收滚筒之间的垂直距离为15 cm,纺丝时间1h,接收滚筒转速150 rpm/min,烘干得到碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜。
将本实施例制得的碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜折叠成锥形,紧贴聚丙烯空心圆台后放置在包裹二氧化硅气凝胶的棉型纱布上,即可得到太阳能界面蒸发装置。
实施例3
一种碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜的制备方法,具体步骤为:
(1)将1.0 g分子量为6000的肝素钠加入到100 mL去离子水中,搅拌溶解得到透明的肝素钠溶液,然后将 0.5 g羧基化多壁碳纳米管加入肝素钠溶液中,搅拌混合并置于冰水浴中超声40 min后得到粗制的碳纳米管分散液,进一步在离心机中以5000 r/min条件下离心15 min,收集上清液并重复离心2次,得到高分散碳纳米管导电墨水。
(2)将1.0 g棉纤维无纺布浸入50 mL高分散碳纳米管导电墨水中,浸渍10 min后进行两浸两轧,控制带液率在90%,浸轧-烘干6次后可得浸渍6次的碳纳米管基棉型无纺布。
(3)将6.0 g聚氨酯溶解于25 g的N, N-二甲基甲酰胺和25 g四氢呋喃的混合溶液中,40℃条件下搅拌4h得到质量分数为12%的聚氨酯纺丝液,采用静电纺丝装置将聚氨酯纺丝液分别喷覆在裁剪好的碳纳米管基无纺布基材上,控制纺丝电压为20 kV,纺丝溶液总流量为0.10 mL/min,纺丝针头与接收滚筒之间的垂直距离为18 cm,纺丝时间2h,接收滚筒转速150 rpm/min,烘干得到碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜。
将本实施例制得的碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜折叠成锥形,紧贴聚丙烯空心圆台后放置在包裹二氧化硅气凝胶的棉型纱布上,即可得到太阳能界面蒸发装置。
实施例4
一种碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜的制备方法,具体步骤为:
(1)将1.25 g分子量为6000的肝素钠加入到100 mL去离子水中,搅拌溶解得到透明的肝素钠溶液,然后将 0.5 g羧基化多壁碳纳米管加入肝素钠溶液中,搅拌混合并置于冰水浴中超声50 min后得到粗制的碳纳米管分散液,进一步在离心机中以5000 r/min条件下离心15 min,收集上清液并重复离心2次,得到高分散碳纳米管导电墨水。
(2)将1.0 g棉纤维无纺布浸入30 mL高分散碳纳米管导电墨水中,浸渍10 min后进行两浸两轧,控制带液率在70%,浸轧-烘干5次后可得浸渍5次的碳纳米管基棉型无纺布。
(3)将7.0 g聚氨酯溶解于25 g的N, N-二甲基甲酰胺和25 g四氢呋喃的混合溶液中,40℃条件下搅拌6h得到质量分数为14%的聚氨酯纺丝液,采用静电纺丝装置将聚氨酯纺丝液分别喷覆在裁剪好的碳纳米管基无纺布基材上,控制纺丝电压为25 kV,纺丝溶液总流量为0.06 mL/min,纺丝针头与接收滚筒之间的垂直距离为20 cm,纺丝时间1h,接收滚筒转速150 rpm/min,烘干得到碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜。
将本实施例制得的碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜折叠成锥形,紧贴聚丙烯空心圆台后放置在包裹二氧化硅气凝胶的棉型纱布上,即可得到太阳能界面蒸发装置。
实施例5
一种碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜的制备方法,具体步骤为:
(1)将0.75 g分子量为28000的肝素钠加入到100 mL去离子水中,搅拌溶解得到透明的肝素钠溶液,然后将 0.5 g羧基化多壁碳纳米管加入肝素钠溶液中,搅拌混合并置于冰水浴中超声60 min后得到粗制的碳纳米管分散液,进一步在离心机中以5000 r/min条件下离心15 min,收集上清液并重复离心1次,得到高分散碳纳米管导电墨水。
(2)将1.0 g黏胶纤维无纺布浸入40 mL高分散碳纳米管导电墨水中,浸渍15 min后进行两浸两轧,控制带液率在100%,浸轧-烘干7次后可得浸渍7次的碳纳米管基黏胶无纺布。
(3)将6.0 g聚氨酯溶解于25 g的N, N -二甲基甲酰胺和25 g四氢呋喃的混合溶液中,40℃条件下搅拌4h得到质量分数为12%的聚氨酯纺丝液,采用静电纺丝装置将聚氨酯纺丝液分别喷覆在裁剪好的碳纳米管基无纺布基材上,控制纺丝电压为20 kV,纺丝溶液总流量为0.10 mL/min,纺丝针头与接收滚筒之间的垂直距离为18 cm,纺丝时间2h,接收滚筒转速150 rpm/min,烘干得到碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜。
将本实施例制得的碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜折叠成锥形,紧贴聚丙烯空心圆台后放置在包裹二氧化硅气凝胶的棉型纱布上,即可得到太阳能界面蒸发装置。
实施例6
一种碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜的制备方法,具体步骤为:
(1)将1.5 g分子量为4500的肝素钠加入到100 mL去离子水中,搅拌溶解得到透明的肝素钠溶液,然后将0.5 g羧基化多壁碳纳米管加入肝素钠溶液中,搅拌混合并置于冰水浴中超声30 min后得到粗制的碳纳米管分散液,进一步在离心机中以5000 r/min条件下离心10 min,收集上清液并重复离心3次,得到高分散碳纳米管导电墨水。
(2)将1.0 g黏胶纤维无纺布浸入50 mL高分散碳纳米管导电墨水中,浸渍10 min后进行两浸两轧,控制带液率在80%,浸轧-烘干4次后可得浸渍4次的碳纳米管基黏胶无纺布。
(3)将6.5 g聚氨酯溶解于25 g的N, N-二甲基甲酰胺和25 g四氢呋喃的混合溶液中,40℃条件下搅拌5h得到质量分数为13%的聚氨酯纺丝液,采用静电纺丝装置将聚氨酯纺丝液分别喷覆在裁剪好的碳纳米管基无纺布基材上,控制纺丝电压为22 kV,纺丝溶液总流量为0.08 mL/min,纺丝针头与接收滚筒之间的垂直距离为15 cm,纺丝时间1.5h,接收滚筒转速150 rpm/min,烘干得到碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜。
将本实施例制得的碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜折叠成锥形,紧贴聚丙烯空心圆台后放置在包裹二氧化硅气凝胶的棉型纱布上,即可得到太阳能界面蒸发装置。
本发明实施例1-6所制备的光热膜和对比样在1 kW/m2光照条件下,处理3.5%NaCl溶液的蒸发速率如表1所示。对比样1为实施例1中所得的碳纳米管基黏胶无纺布,不具有单向导湿效果。对比样2为利用静电纺丝技术制备的聚氨酯纳米纤维疏水层和聚丙烯腈纳米纤维亲水吸光层组装的单向导湿光热膜,亲水吸光层中含有4%的活性特深黑M染料。
表1
| 对比样1 | 对比样2 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | |
| 蒸发速率(kg/m<sup>2</sup>/h) | 1.53 | 1.42 | 1.81 | 1.82 |
| 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 | |
| 蒸发速率(kg/m<sup>2</sup>/h) | 1.85 | 1.83 | 1.86 | 1.86 |
本实施例1-6所制得的光热膜在1 kW/m2光照条件下,处理3.5%NaCl溶液的蒸发速率均大于1.8 kg/m2/h,而对比样1纯碳纳米管黏胶无纺布在相同条件下仅有1.53 kg/m2/h的蒸发速率,这是因为实施例所得的微纳结构双层单向导湿膜能将体积水沿纤维膜的垂直方向向上传递,而膜中的水不会反向流回体积水中,最大限度地减少了热损失。相同条件下对比样2仅能达到1.42 kg/m2/h的蒸发速率,这是因为特深黑M的吸热性能比碳纳米管更低,同时纯纳米级的单向导湿膜也会影响水分的传递速率,也会导致蒸发速率降低。综合来说,本发明中光热材料的选择以及体系结构的合理设计,是实施例具有较高蒸发速率的关键。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的单向导湿光热膜是由碳纳米管基导电墨水、纤维素纤维无纺布、聚氨酯纳米纤维膜组成,具体方法如下:
步骤(1):将肝素钠加入到去离子水中,搅拌溶解得到透明的肝素钠溶液;将羧基化碳纳米管加入到肝素钠溶液中,搅拌混合并置于冰水浴中超声处理得粗制的碳纳米管分散液;将粗制碳纳米管分散溶液进行离心分离,收集上清液并重复离心,得到高分散碳纳米管溶液;
步骤(2):将纤维素纤维无纺布浸入步骤(1)制得的高分散碳纳米管导电墨水中,在一定浴比条件下浸渍后进行数次浸轧-烘干操作,浸轧-烘干后得碳纳米管基无纺布;
步骤(3):将聚氨酯加入到四氢呋喃与N, N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合溶液中,40℃条件下搅拌4~6h,得到聚氨酯纺丝液,以碳纳米管基无纺布作为接收基材,将聚氨酯纺丝液进行静电纺丝喷覆到碳纳米管基无纺布表面,得到具有单向导湿功能的微纳结构光热膜即碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中的肝素钠分子量为4500~28000,所述肝素钠占去离子水质量的0.75%~1.50%;所述碳纳米管与肝素钠的质量比为1.0:(1.5~3.0)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中的超声时间为30~60 min,离心速率为5000 r/min,每次离心10~15 min,重复离心1~3次。
4.根据权利要求1所述的碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中的纤维素纤维无纺布为棉纤维无纺布或黏胶纤维无纺布。
5.根据权利要求1所述的碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中的浸渍时间为10~15min,浴比为1:(30~50),浸轧-烘干次数为4~7次,控制带液率在70~100%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中聚氨酯纺丝液的质量分数为12%~14%,四氢呋喃与N, N-二甲基甲酰胺的质量比为1:1。
7.根据权利要求1所述的碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中的静电纺丝条件为:纺丝电压为20~25 kV,纺丝溶液总流量为0.06~0.10 mL/min,纺丝针头与接收装置的垂直距离为15~20 cm,纺丝时间为1~2h,接收滚筒转速150 rpm/min。
8.利用权利要求1-7任一所述的制备方法制得的碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜。
9.一种太阳能界面蒸发装置,其特征在于,所述的太阳能界面蒸发装置是由碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜、支撑层、引流层以及隔热层自上而下依次组装而成;所述碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜为利用权利要求1-7任一所述的制备方法制得的碳纳米管基单向导湿光热膜。
10.根据权利要求9所述的太阳能界面蒸发装置,其特征在于,所述的支撑层为聚丙烯材料的空心圆台,引流层为棉型纱布,隔热层为二氧化硅气凝胶;所述的棉型纱布包裹在二氧化硅气凝胶表面。
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