Background art:
antibiotic dregs generated in the antibiotic fermentation production process mainly comprise antibiotic thallus cell substances, residual culture medium and some inert carriers added in the fermentation liquor filtering process. For the treatment of antibiotic fungi residues, pharmaceutical production enterprises at home and abroad have been used as feed or feed additives for many years. Because the antibiotic residues contain a small amount of residual antibiotic drug components and degradation products thereof, the residual drug components enter food chains and environments, and the problem of drug resistance of human and environmental microorganisms caused by the residual drug components is a lot of controversy. At present, the antibiotic fungi residues containing a small amount of residual medicine components are generally considered to be treated as dangerous waste, cannot be used as feed or feed additives, even can be used as fertilizer and is prohibited, and only can be used as the dangerous waste for incineration disposal. At present, the moisture content of antibiotic fungi residues generated in pharmaceutical factories is mostly more than 85% after preliminary dehydration, and based on the consideration of safety and economy of subsequent treatment processes, the domestic related technical specifications generally require that the moisture content of filter cakes is not higher than 60%, wherein the moisture content is required to be less than 50% if the antibiotic fungi residues are separately burned, so that a large amount of additives are generally required to be added to reduce the moisture content of the antibiotic fungi residues, and the treatment cost is very high. Because the antibiotic residues contain a large amount of intracellular water, the unconditioned residues can hardly be subjected to further dehydration treatment. The types of commonly used conditioners can be divided into chemical conditioners, physical conditioners, biological conditioners, composite conditioners and the like, and the problems of large polarity difference, more complex components of dewatered sludge, poor economic benefit and the like exist. The extracellular polymeric substance of the antibiotic dregs has extremely strong hydrophilic and water-holding capacity, so that the release of the bound water is difficult, and therefore, the breaking of the extracellular polymeric substance is considered as the key point of the efficient dehydration of the dregs. At present, the microwave conditioning technology is widely applied to dehydration treatment of sludge and can effectively crack extracellular polymers, but the technology is not applied to the dehydration process of antibiotic bacterial residues. In addition, in the mechanical dehydration process, moisture in the mushroom dregs is mainly discharged through the water seepage channel, and organic matters contained in the mushroom dregs are easily deformed by pressure to cause channel blockage, so that a new method is urgently needed to be provided.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a method for improving the dehydration efficiency of antibiotic fungi residues by combined conditioning of microwave and biochar.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for improving antibiotic fungi residue dehydration efficiency by microwave and biochar combined conditioning comprises the following steps: mixing the antibiotic fungi residues with the water content of 85-98 wt%, preferably 95 wt% with biochar, wherein the using amount of the biochar is 0.5-5 wt%, preferably 1-3 wt% of the antibiotic fungi residues, conditioning under the microwave condition, the microwave power is 0.5-10 kW, preferably 5-10 kW, performing filter pressing on the sludge subjected to microwave conditioning, and the pressure applied during filter pressing is 0.5-6 MPa, preferably 4-6 MPa, so as to obtain the dehydrated antibiotic fungi residue filter cake.
The antibiotic residues are one of penicillin residues, terramycin residues, streptomycin residues and erythromycin residues.
The conditioning time under the microwave condition is 0.1-0.5 h.
The biochar is prepared by pyrolyzing bagasse, cassava residues and cloth scraps at 300-750 ℃ for 0.5-5 h in an oxygen-free environment.
According to the invention, efficient extracellular polymer cracking and wall breaking treatment is carried out on the antibiotic fungi residues by using microwaves, and then the skeleton of the water seepage channel is constructed by using the structural characteristics of biochar, so that the water content of antibiotic fungi residue filter cakes is greatly reduced.
According to the invention, the microwave wall breaking technology and the biochar skeleton construct are jointly conditioned, so that not only can the effective discharge of antibiotic fungi residue combined water and intracellular water be ensured, but also the biochar can be used as a microwave absorbent to improve the energy utilization efficiency of microwaves, and meanwhile, the co-treatment of solid wastes such as bagasse and the like is realized.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) according to the invention, the antibiotic residues are dehydrated by adopting a microwave and biochar combined conditioning technology, so that the biochar can be used for absorbing microwaves to break the walls of the antibiotic residues, and the released water can be effectively discharged by utilizing the natural pore structure of the biochar, thereby obviously improving the dehydration efficiency of the antibiotic residues.
2) Particularly, the microwave treatment and the addition of the biochar do not cause the introduction of extra pollutants such as heavy metal and the like, and are favorable for the further harmless treatment of the dehydrated antibiotic residues.
3) The method is simple and easy to implement, and can be further popularized and applied to the disposal of other organic wastes which are not easy to dehydrate and the cooperative disposal of cellulose biomass.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following is a further description of the invention and is not intended to be limiting.
Example 1:
pyrolyzing bagasse at 550 ℃ for 2h in an oxygen-free environment to obtain biochar, and uniformly mixing penicillin fungi residue with the water content of 95 wt% with the biochar, wherein the biochar accounts for 2 wt% of antibiotic fungi residue. And then conditioning the mixture for 0.5h under the condition of 10kW of microwave, and carrying out pressure filtration on the antibiotic residues subjected to microwave conditioning under the pressure of 6MPa to obtain a filter cake. The water content of the cake was measured by a water content meter, and the water content of the cake was found to be 46.2 wt% (48.8% of dehydrated water).
Comparative example 1:
and (3) conditioning the penicillin fungi residues with the water content of 95 wt% for 0.5h under the microwave condition of 10kW, and performing filter pressing on the antibiotic fungi residues subjected to microwave conditioning under the pressure of 6MPa to obtain a filter cake. The water content of the cake was measured by a water content meter, and the water content of the cake was found to be 66.9 wt% (28.1% of dehydrated water).
Comparative example 2:
pyrolyzing bagasse at 550 ℃ for 2h in an oxygen-free environment to obtain biochar, and uniformly mixing penicillin fungi residue with the water content of 95 wt% with the biochar, wherein the biochar accounts for 2 wt% of antibiotic fungi residue. The mixture was then subjected to pressure filtration at a pressure of 6MPa to obtain a filter cake. The water content of the cake was measured by a water content meter, and the water content of the cake was found to be 78.5% by weight (16.5% by weight of dehydrated water).
Compared with comparative examples 1 and 2, the antibiotic fungi residues are dehydrated by adopting a microwave and biochar combined conditioning technology, so that the synergistic effect is realized.
Example 2
Pyrolyzing bagasse at 750 ℃ for 5h in an oxygen-free environment to obtain biochar, and uniformly mixing penicillin fungi residue with the water content of 95 wt% with the biochar, wherein the biochar accounts for 5 wt% of antibiotic fungi residue. And then conditioning the mixture for 0.5h under the condition of 10kW of microwave, and carrying out pressure filtration on the antibiotic residues subjected to microwave conditioning under the pressure of 6MPa to obtain a filter cake. The water content of the filter cake was measured by a water content meter, and found to be 48.1 wt%.
Example 3
Pyrolyzing the cassava residue at 750 ℃ for 0.5h in an oxygen-free environment to obtain biochar, and uniformly mixing the penicillin fungi residue with the water content of 95 wt% with the biochar, wherein the dosage of the biochar is 1 wt% of the antibiotic fungi residue. And then conditioning the mixture for 0.5h under the condition of 10kW of microwave, and carrying out pressure filtration on the antibiotic residues subjected to microwave conditioning under the pressure of 6MPa to obtain a filter cake. The water content of the filter cake was measured by a water content meter, and found to be 51.4 wt%.
Example 4
The cloth is crushed and pyrolyzed for 5 hours at 350 ℃ in an oxygen-free environment to obtain biochar, penicillin fungi residue with the water content of 95 wt% is uniformly mixed with the biochar, and the using amount of the biochar is 3 wt% of antibiotic fungi residue. And then conditioning the mixture for 0.5h under the condition of 10kW of microwave, and carrying out pressure filtration on the antibiotic residues subjected to microwave conditioning under the pressure of 6MPa to obtain a filter cake. The water content of the filter cake was measured by a water content meter, and found to be 49.4 wt%.
Example 5
Pyrolyzing bagasse at 650 ℃ for 3h in an oxygen-free environment to obtain biochar, and uniformly mixing the terramycin mushroom residue with the water content of 95 wt% with the biochar, wherein the dosage of the biochar is 2 wt% of the antibiotic mushroom residue. And then conditioning the mixture for 0.2h under the microwave condition of 5kW, and carrying out pressure filtration on the antibiotic residues subjected to microwave conditioning under the pressure of 3MPa to obtain a filter cake. The water content of the filter cake was measured by a water content meter, and found to be 56.9 wt%.
Example 6
The cloth is crushed and pyrolyzed for 4 hours at 450 ℃ in an oxygen-free environment to obtain biochar, and streptomycin mushroom residue with the water content of 95 wt% and the biochar are uniformly mixed, wherein the using amount of the biochar is 0.5 wt% of antibiotic mushroom residue. And then conditioning the mixture for 0.2h under the microwave condition of 5kW, and carrying out pressure filtration on the antibiotic residues subjected to microwave conditioning under the pressure of 1MPa to obtain a filter cake. The water content of the filter cake was measured by a water content meter, and the water content of the filter cake was 60.5 wt%.
Example 7
Pyrolyzing the cassava residues at 750 ℃ for 2h in an oxygen-free environment to obtain biochar, and uniformly mixing the penicillin fungi residues with the water content of 95 wt% with the biochar, wherein the dosage of the biochar is 5 wt% of the antibiotic fungi residues. And then conditioning the mixture for 0.5h under the microwave condition of 1kW, and carrying out pressure filtration on the antibiotic residues subjected to microwave conditioning under the pressure of 2MPa to obtain a filter cake. The water content of the filter cake was measured by a water content meter, and found to be 57.5 wt%.
Example 8
Pyrolyzing bagasse at 750 ℃ for 2h in an oxygen-free environment to obtain biochar, and uniformly mixing oxytetracycline bacterial residue with the water content of 95 wt% with the biochar, wherein the dosage of the biochar is 5 wt% of antibiotic bacterial residue. And then conditioning the mixture for 0.1h under the microwave condition of 1kW, and carrying out pressure filtration on the antibiotic residues subjected to microwave conditioning under the pressure of 5MPa to obtain a filter cake. The water content of the filter cake was measured by a water content meter, and found to be 53.7 wt%.
Example 9
Pyrolyzing bagasse at 450 ℃ for 5h in an oxygen-free environment to obtain biochar, and uniformly mixing penicillin fungi residue with the water content of 95 wt% with the biochar, wherein the biochar accounts for 4 wt% of antibiotic fungi residue. And then conditioning the mixture for 0.3h under the condition of 10kW of microwave, and carrying out pressure filtration on the antibiotic residues subjected to microwave conditioning under the pressure of 4MPa to obtain a filter cake. The water content of the filter cake was measured by a water content meter, and found to be 46.8 wt%.
Example 10
Pyrolyzing the cassava residues at 350 ℃ for 4h in an oxygen-free environment to obtain biochar, and uniformly mixing the streptomycin residues with the water content of 95 wt% with the biochar, wherein the dosage of the biochar is 1 wt% of the antibiotic residues. And then conditioning the mixture for 0.1h under the microwave condition of 0.5kW, and carrying out pressure filtration on the antibiotic residues subjected to microwave conditioning under the pressure of 2MPa to obtain a filter cake. The water content of the filter cake was measured by a water content meter, and found to be 63.0 wt%.
Example 11
Pyrolyzing bagasse at 550 ℃ for 2h in an oxygen-free environment to obtain biochar, and uniformly mixing erythromycin mushroom residue with the water content of 95 wt% with the biochar, wherein the biochar accounts for 2 wt% of antibiotic mushroom residue. And then conditioning the mixture for 0.5h under the condition of 10kW of microwave, and carrying out pressure filtration on the antibiotic residues subjected to microwave conditioning under the pressure of 6MPa to obtain a filter cake. The water content of the filter cake was measured by a water content meter, and found to be 48.6 wt%.
Example 12
The cloth is crushed and pyrolyzed for 4 hours at 450 ℃ in an anaerobic environment to obtain biochar, and the erythromycin mushroom residue with the water content of 95 wt% and the biochar are uniformly mixed, wherein the dosage of the biochar is 0.5 wt% of the antibiotic mushroom residue. And then conditioning the mixture for 0.2h under the microwave condition of 5kW, and carrying out pressure filtration on the antibiotic residues subjected to microwave conditioning under the pressure of 1MPa to obtain a filter cake. The water content of the filter cake was measured by a water content meter, and the water content of the filter cake was 60.1 wt%.
Example 13
Pyrolyzing the cassava residues at 750 ℃ for 0.5h in an oxygen-free environment to obtain biochar, and uniformly mixing the erythromycin mushroom residues with the biochar, wherein the water content of the biochar is 95 wt%, and the biochar accounts for 1 wt% of the antibiotic mushroom residues. And then conditioning the mixture for 0.5h under the condition of 10kW of microwave, and carrying out pressure filtration on the antibiotic residues subjected to microwave conditioning under the pressure of 6MPa to obtain a filter cake. The water content of the filter cake was measured by a water content meter, and found to be 51.7 wt%.
Example 14
Pyrolyzing bagasse at 450 ℃ for 5h in an oxygen-free environment to obtain biochar, and uniformly mixing erythromycin mushroom residue with the water content of 95 wt% with the biochar, wherein the biochar accounts for 4 wt% of antibiotic mushroom residue. And then conditioning the mixture for 0.3h under the condition of 10kW of microwave, and carrying out pressure filtration on the antibiotic residues subjected to microwave conditioning under the pressure of 4MPa to obtain a filter cake. The water content of the filter cake was measured by a water content meter, and found to be 47.7 wt%.