CN102320368B - Marine propuision system - Google Patents
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Abstract
For propelling and the power system of large-scale seagoing vessel.The present invention relates to the propulsion system for large-scale seagoing vessel.This system comprises: large-scale turbo charged multi-cylinder two-stroke crosshead diesel motor, and it is coupled to prop shaft as main prime power; And one or more much smaller diesel motor, it is coupled to electrical generator as the second prime power.Sustainer, main engine needs electric power, hydraulic power and aerodynamic force thus can start and operate.In the process of of short duration stopping, sustainer, main engine needs heating power and a small amount of hydraulic power, and in start-up course, need hydraulic power, aerodynamic force and electric power.According to the present invention, stop at sustainer, main engine, during Main Engine Start and sustainer, main engine operation, provide the direct motor drive of the hydraulic power unit of hydraulic power by obtaining power from the electrical generator by less diesel engine drives.
Description
The application was 200910224777.5 on 02 23rd, 2011 to application number according to State Intellectual Property Office, the applying date is on October 5th, 2005, the divisional application of the foregoing invention patent application that the examination reports that the application for a patent for invention that name is called " marine propuision system " is made propose.
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of marine propuision system comprising large-sized two-stroke crosshead diesel engine.
Background technology
Large-sized two-stroke diesel engine for ship propelling is a kind of machine of complexity, and it forms the core of ship power and propulsion system and comprises a series of accessory equipment.
The large-sized two-stroke crosshead diesel engine of these low cruises is huge and power produces machine efficiently.The maximum in these driving engines produces the power of about 100.000kW 94 revs/min time, total length be 33 meters and weight close to 3500 tons.
These driving engines are with the auxiliary diesel engine driving electrical generator---i.e. so-called generator set---.Generator set is in electrical generator stopping period and power supply and heat supply in start-up course.
The accessory equipment of two cycle diesel engine comprises such as high-pressure hydraulic pump, air lift pump (compressor), lubricating pump, fuel oil supply pump, fuel circulating pump, sea water pump, cylinder jacket cooling pump, central water pump and additional fan.
The accessory equipment that great majority are listed or power-actuated---such as additional fan, or obtain power by mechanical transmission mechanism (that is, chain or gear) from the bent axle of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine---such as when high-pressure hydraulic pump or pumping plant.
Electronically controlled large-sized two-stroke diesel engine uses quite a large amount of hydraulic power (about bent axle power 1.5% to 2%) together with its hydraulically operated exhaust valve in engine operation.
A small amount of hydraulic pressure is needed in engine starting process.Therefore, in engine starting process, hydraulic power is provided by electronic comparatively primary hydraulic pump or pumping plant.Because driving engine starts, so air lift pump is at least partially power-actuated by utilizing pressurized air to make cylinder pressurize.The electric energy of the electrical motor of these Hydraulic Pumps and air lift pump is driven to be provided by generator set.Generator set is also incubated for large-sized two-stroke diesel engine and provides electric energy with the heavy fuel oil that circulates in fuel canal and receiver during engine stop.Generator set also provide on ship by multiple consumer---such as the cooling system of freighter---heating power of use and electric power and when sustainer, main engine stops for throwing light on and providing the electric energy of energy for electrical equipment.
From the viewpoint of fuel efficiency, due to energy, the bent axle place at large-sized two-stroke diesel engine produces efficiently, so it is attractive for obtaining mechanical energy to drive accessory equipment from the bent axle of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine.But, obtain mechanical energy from bent axle and only can be used in allowing between accessory equipment and bent axle, realize simple and direct coupled position, and very not useful for consuming the accessory equipment of relatively small amount energy.Such as, position due to additional fan needs complicated mechanical drive to be connected to bent axle, so help to provide the additional fan of scavenging usually by electrical motor supplying energy in low load running (40%-50% lower than the maximum rated power) process of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine.The power consumed by additional fan is very many, typically drops in the scope of 1.8% to 2.3% of the maximum rated power of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine.Obtaining another shortcoming of energy from bent axle is to need high transmitting ratio to be increased to fair speed needed for most of accessory equipment to make low crankshaft speed (being 100-200 rev/min to the maximum).Therefore costly these high transmitting ratios cause the transmission device between bent axle and consumption of power device more complicated and.
The place played a decisive role at propulsion source and the relative ease that drives the flexibility in position and being formed between the electrical motor of accessory equipment to be connected uses electrical motor, such as, for additional fan.
Maximum two cycle diesel engine is huge, and single driving engine can produce the power being greater than 100.000kW.Drive the sub-fraction of the electrical motor only consumption of engine bent axle power of accessory equipment, but be large electrical motor with regard to absolute value.Such as, graceful grace diesel motor (the MANB & WDiesel) 12K98MC-C having the maximum rated power of 68.520kW adopts the electrical motor of four 155kW, each direct motor drive four additional fans.This high-performance electrical motor is relatively costly equipment.The reason of their high prices is caused to be due to low yield and the cooling problem that is associated with high capacity motor.Electrical motor has compact and closed structure, and is difficult to cooling because of himself feature.Driving engine more than certain size cannot be met by Air flow.Therefore, most electrical motor be used for for the accessory equipment supplying energy of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine is oil cooling.In addition, the electrical motor of more than insurance companies mandate 500kW, by crossing qualification, causes their market price significantly to rise like this.
The electrical motor of this size is typically asynchronous motor.Extremely expensive based on silicon controlled frequency conversion AC current converter for what control needed for these electromotor velocities changeably, under therefore these motors are typically only controlled in on/off state.When additional fan, this means that fan has to run at full speed, even if main motor does not need the full horsepower output of additional fan.Therefore, though due to when needing to drive additional fan with the power of much less electrical motor be still with Operation at full power, so this is only at waste energy.Up to now the method for this energy dissipation is avoided to be only by investing above-mentioned very expensive electronic machine.
Asynchronous motor only can run with the predetermined speed of the frequency (50 or 60Hz) depending on adopted AC current system, and only these rotating speeds can be consistent with the optimum speed of additional fan in rare cases, thus in fact additional fan runs with non-optimal speed usually.
Due to relatively high starting current, in succession start with the interval of 6 to 10 seconds between additional fan.
Be relatively thick cable for connecting the cable of motor, electrical generator or control convenience, and the layout of these cables is subject to the restriction of a large amount of mainly security-related standards, and therefore design is complicated and implementation cost is expensive.
Most modern oceangoing boats and ships all have the single driving engine driving large-size propeller.Cause the large-scale ocean navigation boats and ships that cannot handle to be the very unfavorable and unsafe situations of one due to sustainer, main engine fault.Therefore, the large-sized two-stroke diesel engine for propulsion of ship is configured to extremely failure-free machine.But complete failure-free structure is non-existent, therefore nearest may have the requirement of the minimum power that takes home day by day to increase when et out of order to redundancy or at sustainer, main engine.This object by installing two less parallel engines instead of a big-block engine thus providing suitable redundancy to realize in boats and ships.But, from the viewpoint of fuel efficiency and running cost, two less driving engines are installed in boats and ships and replace a larger driving engine and have no attraction.And the propeller efficiency of single large-size propeller is greater than two small propeller.
Summary of the invention
Under this background, the object of the invention is to for the additional fan of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine provides more effective supply of power.
This object realizes by providing a kind of large-sized turbo-charging multiple-cylinder two-stroke crosshead diesel motor, it comprises: one or more additional fan, its for when low engine loading from described inblock cylinder exhaust, and turbocharger discharges the exhaust of described cylinder when high engine loads; Hydraulic Pump or pumping plant, it is by electrical motor and/or by the power driven obtained from bent axle; And one or more HM Hydraulic Motor, it drives described one or more additional fan.
The hydraulic valve actuator that another object of the present invention is large-sized two-stroke diesel engine provides the supply of power of improvement.
This object realizes by providing a kind of propulsion system for large-scale seagoing vessel, and it comprises: large-scale turbo charged multi-cylinder two-stroke crosshead diesel motor; One or more electrical generator, it carrys out supplying power to provide electric power by the power obtained from described large-scale turbo charged multi-cylinder two cycle diesel engine and/or one or more auxiliary diesel generater set; One or more additional fan, for discharging the exhaust of cylinder when low engine loading, described additional fan is by fluid motor-driven; One or more Hydraulic Pump or high pressure pumping station, its by electrical motor supplying power with conveying high-pressure fuel oil; Hydraulic valve actuator, it is for activating described exhaust valve, and wherein, one of described hydraulic valve actuator and described HM Hydraulic Motor or the high pressure fuel both by being carried by described one or more high pressure pump or high pressure pumping station operate.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of large-sized two-stroke marine propuision system with the failure-to-safety characteristic of improvement.
This object realizes by providing a kind of propulsion system for large-scale seagoing vessel, and it comprises: large-scale two-stroke crosshead diesel motor, and it is connected to screw propeller via axle drive shaft; One or more generator set, it comprises prime power and electrical generator, generates electricity for the serviceability independent of described large-sized two-stroke diesel engine; High-pressure and hydraulic pumping plant or pump, it is by one or more direct motor drive; And hydraulic piston motor, it can be connected to described axle drive shaft or described screw propeller to provide the power that takes home when described large-sized two-stroke diesel engine et out of order.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of there is improvement alerting ability and efficiency, with the propulsion system for large-scale seagoing vessel of fluid pressure supply system.
This object realizes by providing a kind of propulsion system for large-scale seagoing vessel, and it comprises: large-scale two-stroke crosshead diesel motor, and it is connected to screw propeller via axle drive shaft; One or more generator set, it comprises prime power and electrical generator, generates electricity for the serviceability independent of described large-scale two cycle diesel engine; One or more high-pressure and hydraulic pumping plant or pump, it is driven by auxiliary diesel engine, to produce the high pressure hydraulic fluid for the high pressure hydraulic fluid consumer be associated with large-sized two-stroke driving engine.
High pressure pump or pumping plant is driven by using auxiliary diesel engine, can directly produce hydraulic power from prime power and via electrical generator and electrical motor, still need not can provide hydraulic power independent of the serviceability of described large-sized two-stroke diesel engine simultaneously.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of propulsion system for large-scale seagoing vessel, it has the system for driving the accessory equipment be associated with large-sized two-stroke diesel engine of improvement.
This object realizes by providing a kind of propulsion system for large-scale seagoing vessel, and it comprises: large-sized two-stroke single current crosshead diesel engine, and it is connected to screw propeller via axle drive shaft; High pressure pump or pumping plant, it supplies high pressure hydraulic fluid; Multiple cylinder, each cylinder is provided with at least one exhaust valve and the hydraulic valve actuator for activating at least one exhaust valve described; Multiple accessory equipment, it is associated with described large-sized two-stroke diesel engine, is driven by rotary power, and at least one or more in wherein said multiple accessory equipment drives by by the power-producing positive displacement motor of high pressure hydraulic fluid
By using HM Hydraulic Motor instead of electrical motor, can raise the efficiency, because compare with electrical motor, the amount of power that more accurately also can control to be used by HM Hydraulic Motor neatly and delivery speed thereof.
By concrete description, will become obvious according to other object of marine propuision system of the present invention and driving engine, feature, advantage and characteristic.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In detailed description part below this specification sheets, the example embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings more specifically explains the present invention, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the lateral plan of large-scale 8 traditional cylinder two-stroke diesel motors, and shows the length that 9 arrive twelve-cylinder engine,
Fig. 2 is the front elevation of the driving engine in Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 is the view of the marine propuision system in seagoing vessel, and the two cycle engine wherein shown in Fig. 1 is connected to screw propeller via tween drive shaft,
Fig. 4 a is the general illustration connected between the parts of marine propuision system according to first embodiment of the invention and parts,
Fig. 4 b is the general illustration connected between the parts of marine propuision system second embodiment of the invention and parts,
Fig. 5 is the figure illustrating that the hydraulic power as engine loading function consumes,
Fig. 6 is the cross sectional drawing of HM Hydraulic Motor according to the embodiment of the present invention, and described HM Hydraulic Motor can be used as urgent motor or the motor that takes home,
Fig. 7 is the general illustration according to connecting between the parts of the marine propuision system of the 3rd embodiment of the present invention and parts,
Fig. 8 is the figure illustrated as the hydraulic pump motor of engine loading function and the consumption of power of electrical generator,
Fig. 9 is the general illustration according to connecting between the parts of the marine propuision system of the 4th embodiment of the present invention and parts,
Figure 10 is the general illustration according to connecting between the parts of the marine propuision system of the 5th embodiment of the present invention and parts,
Figure 11 is the general illustration according to connecting between the parts of the marine propuision system of the 6th embodiment of the present invention and parts.
Detailed description of the invention
In description concrete below, will the propulsion system being used for seagoing vessel comprising large-sized two-stroke crosshead diesel engine be described by preferred implementation.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 illustrates the diesel motor 10 in upright arrangement of the large-sized low-speed two-stroke crosshead with 98cm diameter of piston, and it is the core of propulsion system.These driving engines typically have 6 to 16 cylinders in upright arrangement.Describe the lateral plan of 8 Cylinder engines 10 in Fig. 1, the extra lines of the profile of 9,10,11 and 12 cylinder patterns of this driving engine are shown simultaneously in addition.In the below of driving engine 10, the scale in units of rice is shown, to point out the about 18 meters absolute dimensions to the machine of 28 meters of 14 cylinder models of these length ranges from 8 cylinder models.
Driving engine builds from base 11, and base 11 is with the main bearing for bent axle 1 (Fig. 2).Base 11 is divided into the section of applicable size according to available production facilities.
Reference is by the feature shown in the dotted line in Fig. 2, and driving engine comprises the piston 28 being connected to crosshead 24 via piston rod 29.Crosshead 24 is guided by directing plate 23.The Crankpin of crosshead 24 with bent axle 1 is connected by pipe link 30.
The A shape crankcase frame 12 of welding design is installed on the pedestal 11.Cylinder frame 13 is arranged on the top of crankcase frame 12.Base 11 is connected to cylinder frame 13 and structure is kept together by stretching screw (not shown).Cylinder 14 is carried by cylinder frame 13.Exhaust valve assemblies 15 is arranged on the top of each cylinder 14.Cylinder frame 13 also carries fuel injection system 19, exhaust manifold 16, turbocharger 17 and scavenging manifold 18.Air pump is delivered in scavenging manifold by turbocharger 17.Cooling vessel (not shown) and additional fan 18a are arranged between each turbocharger 17 and scavenging manifold 18.In the operating process of driving engine, once engine loading drops to 30%-40%, additional fan 18a automatically will start and will operate constantly, until load exceedes about 40%-50% again.Come from the actuating of the signal control additional fan of pressure switch (not shown).When engine loading exceedes the continuous maximum rated 30%-50% of driving engine, enough air are transported to scavenging manifold 18 by turbocharger 17 independently.When lower load, additional fan 18a provides all or part of of required swept volume to scavenging manifold 18.
Between each cylinder, crankcase frame 12 is provided with the brace panel in through transverse slat 21 form, and this brace panel makes the outer wall 22 of the longitudinal extension of crankcase frame 12 be interconnected and extends to bottom from the top of A shape crankcase frame 12, to increase its lateral stiffness.
Vertical directing plate 23 for bearing the transverse force acted on crosshead 24 (Fig. 2) is such as installed to transverse slat 21 by the mode of welding.The rear side of each directing plate 23 supports with the additional walls 25 of the vertical extension of transverse slat 21 by connecting directing plate 23.Directing plate 23, additional walls 25 and transverse slat wall 21 form the hollow profile of high torsional stiffness, wherein hold stretching screw 26.
Fig. 3 illustrates the afterbody with the cargo hold 2 of typical case's setting and the boats and ships 1 in cabin 3.Large-sized two-stroke driving engine 10 is just arranged on the rear of the wall separating cabin 3 and cargo hold 2.Output shaft and the prop shaft 6 driving screw propeller 7 of axle drive shaft 5 (also referred to as tween drive shaft) connecting engine 4.Axle drive shaft 5 is comparable graphic short.
Propulsion system and large-sized two-stroke driving engine need a series of ancillary system, such as
Electric system
Hydraulic power supply system,
Heavy fuel oil system,
Lubrication and oil coolant system,
Cylinder lubricating system,
Cooling water system,
Central Cooling Water System,
Start and control air system,
Scavenging system,
Exhaust system, and
Maneuvering system.
These systems are only explained and are understood detailed degree required for the present invention.Especially, consumption of power and/or delivery system will more specifically be described.All these systems all comprise electric controling part---the valve such as controlled by one or more electronic controller or computing machine (not shown) and motor.
Inferior to the power for advancing, generating is consumption of fuel maximum on ship, is next the high-pressure hydraulic in the driving engine of electrical control.
Overall pattern in fig .4 by connecting between parts and parts illustrates the first embodiment according to marine propuision system of the present invention.Propulsion system comprises the two cycle engine 10 of electrical control.Electric power is produced by two generator seies 40.Generator set comprises the four-cycle diesel engine being coupled to electrical generator.Two generator seies 40 shown in Figure 4, but can be a Generator Set or the comparatively small generation set more than two.When large-sized two-stroke driving engine 10 does not operate,---time such as when vessel berth---generator set 40 also provides electric power.When large-sized two-stroke electrical motor 10 does not operate, generator set provides avoids the heavy fuel oil in fuel oil system to solidify heat needed for (heavy fuel oil below 40 DEG C in fluid form).
High pressure fuel is transported to common rail 45 via pipeline 47 by high pressure pumping station 44 (represented by single variable delivery pump, but can comprise more than one pump).Pumping plant 44 is driven by the electrical motor 43 receiving electric power from generator set 40.Energy storage 48 (illustrate with single energy storage, but can be formed by several energy storage) is connected to pipeline 47 with leveling pressure.
Pipeline 50 is fed in the downstream branch of common rail 45 the variable displacement positive displacement motor 49 driving additional fan 18a in pipeline 47 and by high pressure fuel.Amount of power needed for additional fan 18a is variable, and be just the highest lower than large-sized two-stroke diesel engine 10 intermediate loads level place, and when the load level of the continuous maximum rated 40%-45% higher than large-sized two-stroke diesel engine 10 be zero.Because its stroke is variable, motor 49 can all by required under all load level of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine 10---and can not more than required---, and amount of power is transported to additional fan 18a.Due to can easily adaptive HM Hydraulic Motor 49 and drive additional fan 18a with optimum speed, so from the viewpoint of energy efficiency, use HM Hydraulic Motor 49 to drive additional fan 18a also to allow additional fan to have best size.
In the embodiment as shown, heavy fuel oil in common rail 45 is not only transported to and injects fuel into cylinder 14 (Fig. 1,2) the eductor (not shown) in, but also the hydraulic actuator (not shown) be transported in exhaust valve assemblies 15 (Fig. 1,2) thus be its supplying energy.Hydraulic actuator (not shown) is provided for the tensile force of exhaust valve (not shown equally), and carrys out operate actuator by utilizing heavy fuel oil to replace dedicated hydraulic liquid, can avoid independent hydraulic efficiency pressure system.But be to be understood that, the embodiment of all descriptions easily can be retrofit into and comprise independently high-pressure hydraulic---its for such as exhaust valve actuator supplying energy---and independently high-pressure fuel system, and each system has its oneself pump and electro-motor.
Fuel injector and exhaust valve actuator are connected to common rail 45 by the pipeline comprising respective electronic control valve (not shown).The fluid returned from valve actuator causes fuel tank 42 via pipeline 46.
Common rail 45 is connected with HM Hydraulic Motor 53 by pipeline 52.Electrical control valve 51 is placed in pipeline 52, for controlling the flowing of heavy fuel oil toward HM Hydraulic Motor 53 of pressurizeing.HM Hydraulic Motor 53 is used as urgent motor or so-called " taking home " motor, in order to the propelling ship when large-sized two-stroke diesel engine 10 et out of order.HM Hydraulic Motor 53 is coupled to axle drive shaft 5 by gear case 57.Power-transfer clutch 56 allows HM Hydraulic Motor engage (when as when taking home motor operated) with axle drive shaft 5 or be separated (when large-sized two-stroke diesel engine operates).HM Hydraulic Motor can belong to low cruise type, such as the maximum marine propuision system of known type its opereating specification between 0 and 20 to 40 revs/min, thus the gear ratio of gear case can close to or equal 1.
The power-transfer clutch 59 comprising cod is arranged between the output shaft of axle drive shaft 5 and large-sized two-stroke diesel engine 10.When large-sized two-stroke diesel engine operates, power-transfer clutch 59 engages, and power-transfer clutch 59 is separated when large-sized two-stroke diesel engine et out of order, thus HM Hydraulic Motor 53 need not rotate large-sized two-stroke diesel engine 10 while driving screw propeller 7.The size of the cod in power-transfer clutch 59 be set to can bear the propulsive force that produced by screw propeller 7 in emergency operation process and cause axial force (these axial forces far below produce in normal operation, by the axial force of the cod process in large-sized two-stroke diesel engine 10).
Because the hydraulic power unit of electric power operation can operate when the inoperation of large-sized two-stroke driving engine, propulsion system according to the present embodiment does not need to be typically included in traditional propulsion system with the startup pumping system of sap pressure supply power during engine starting.
Example:
A kind of propulsion system for Large Container Ship.
Large-sized two-stroke driving engine is graceful grace diesel motor (MANB & WDiesel) 12K98ME-C, and it has 12 cylinders, cylinder diameter with 98cm, short travel (about 2.8) by electron steering (being not that camshaft controls).This driving engine has the maximum cruising power of 68.520kW 104 revs/min time.
Inferior to promotion energy, generating is consumption of fuel maximum on ship.Required electric power depends on the particular case of boats and ships, such as relevant to the electric power needed for cooled freight, and be typically positioned at the scope of 4% to 10%, traditional bulk carrier required electric power is positioned at the upper side that the modern box ship compared with downside of this scope and refrigeration boats and ships required electric power are positioned at this scope.Therefore in the present embodiment, for generation of the amount of power of electric power between 2740kW and 6850kW.
Hydraulic power supply system needs to carry 1360kW when 110% load.In order to form a safety zone, the maximum output of pumping plant 44 is 1500kW.
Fig. 4 b illustrates second embodiment of the invention, except HM Hydraulic Motor 53 is slow running hydraulic motor (more specifically describing below with reference to Fig. 6) with the hollow output shaft 54 directly coordinated with main drive shaft 5, it is identical with the first embodiment, thus can avoid gear case and power-transfer clutch.
The chart of Fig. 5 with continuous lines illustrate exhaust valve actuator hydraulic power consumption, to illustrate with dash line and drive the consumption of power of the HM Hydraulic Motor 49 of additional fan 18a and with long and short dash line, consumption of power be altogether shown.When the load of 45%, the power demand for additional fan reaches peak value 620kW.Under higher load, turbocharger 17 is taken over job and HM Hydraulic Motor stops, or by discharge capacity being adjusted to zero or carry out stop solution pressure motor by cutting off pressurization heavy fuel oil toward the flowing of HM Hydraulic Motor 49.Lower than under the load of 45%, the discharge capacity of hydraulic control motor 49, makes HM Hydraulic Motor 49 that required amount of power is transported to additional fan 18a exactly.
Under 45% load, valve actuator consumes 716kW, and consumption altogether reaches peak value 1336kW under the load of 45%, and again reaches peak value 1336kW under the load of 110%.
Emergency operation
When large-sized two-stroke diesel engine 10 et out of order, control cock 51 (Fig. 4 a and 4b) changes to open position, and needs emergency power or " taking home " power to carry out propelling ship.In fact, so the full horsepower output of pump or pumping plant 44 is delivered to HM Hydraulic Motor 53.Power-transfer clutch 56 engages and power-transfer clutch 59 is separated (according to the engaged/disengaged without any power-transfer clutch in the embodiment of Fig. 4 b).
According to the second embodiment, as shown in Figure 6, HM Hydraulic Motor 53 is low cruise Stirling engines of the multiple cylinders with star or fan-shaped setting.But should be appreciated that the HM Hydraulic Motor that can adopt other type.Hydraulic piston motor 53 comprises roller cage pistons 71, and described roller cage pistons 71 is formed integrally as roller cage part 72 and piston portion 73.Roller cage pistons 71 runs in the cylinder 75 be arranged in cylinder block 76.Each roller cage pistons 71 urges roller 77 against inner cam curve 78, thus is formed in the moment of torsion on cylinder block 76 and cam curve 78.There is the carriage 79 that can rotate in cylinder block 76, for high pressure fuel 80 is assigned to cylinder.The motor of the type can provide high moment of torsion under the low speed, such as, about 30 revs/min time, provide the moment of torsion (2055kW) of 636000Nm.
Boats and ships with 12K98ME-C driving engine typically need the propeller speed of about 30 revs/min to provide minimum speed of the ship in meters per second (4 to 5 miles/hours) and marine maneuvering ability in case of emergency.The moment of torsion needed for screw propeller being equipped with the boats and ships of 12K98ME-C with 30 revs/min of drivings is about 636000Nm (2055kW).
Required propeller speed depends on the type of boats and ships.Be about for the box ship of 25 to 26 miles/hours for maximum cruise 104 revs/min time, the speed of 4 to 5 miles/hours will be realized under the propeller speed of about 26 revs/min, and cruising speed is that the bulk carrier of 14 to 15 miles/hours or oil tanker will need the propeller speed of about 34 revs/min to maintain the speed (but, wave or can reduce ship's speed against the wind) of 4 to 5 miles/hours 104 revs/min time.
According to not shown embodiment, by utilizing fluid motor-driven turbocharger under low engine loading, the function of additional fan can be replaced by turbocharger or multiple turbocharger.The extra power of adding turbocharger to by HM Hydraulic Motor makes the turbocharger when low engine loading also can produce enough scavengings.Therefore, additional fan can all omit.During high engine loads, according to a preferred implementation, be connected to the HM Hydraulic Motor of turbocharger by operation as Hydraulic Pump, energy superfluous in turbocharger can change into hydraulic energy.So when the high capacity of large-sized two-stroke equipment, the excess energy of turbocharger can be recycled and be used in the hydraulic efficiency pressure system needing the highest input when high engine loads.
Overall pattern in the figure 7 by connecting between parts and parts illustrates the 3rd preferred implementation according to marine propuision system of the present invention.This propulsion system comprises the two cycle engine 10 of electrical control.Produce electric power by generator set 40 and by electrical generator 61, drive electrical generator 61 by the power obtained from bent axle via mechanical drive 63.Powerplant module 40 comprises the be coupled to electrical generator four-cycle diesel engine of---its power is lower than electrical generator 61---.Generator set 40 is not when large-sized two-stroke driving engine 10 runs---time such as when vessel berth---provides electric power, and assists high-rating generator 61 when peak hook load.When large-sized two-stroke driving engine 10 does not run, powerplant module also provides the heat (heavy fuel oil does not flow below 40 DEG C) avoided needed for the solidification of the heavy fuel oil in fuel oil system.
High pressure fuel is transported to common rail 45 via pipeline 47 by high pressure pumping station 65 (be depicted as single variable delivery pump, but can comprise more than one pump).Pumping plant 65 is driven by the electric drive motor 64 of the electric power receiving self generating sets 40.Energy storage 48 (be depicted as single energy storage, but can be formed by several energy storage) is connected to pipeline 47 in order to leveling pressure.
Amount of power needed for additional fan 18a changes, and be just the highest lower than large-sized two-stroke diesel engine 10 intermediate loads level place, and when the load level of the continuous maximum rated 40%-45% higher than large-sized two-stroke diesel engine 10 be zero.Additional fan 18a (only illustrating one in order to easy) is also driven by electric drive motor 64.Electric drive motor 64 is connected to additional fan 18a via power-transfer clutch 67 or other Separable connecting device, for making additional fan 18a disconnect from electric drive motor 64 higher than when about 40%-50% engine loading when substituting supply scavenging by turbocharger 17.Electric drive motor 64 is connected to pumping plant 65 via power-transfer clutch 66 or other Separable connecting device, can disconnect Hydraulic Pump 65 when additional fan 18a is driven by electrical motor 64.
The chart of Fig. 8 with continuous lines illustrate Hydraulic Pump hydraulic power consumption, illustrate with dash line additional fan 18a consumption of power and with long and short dash line, consumption of power (numeral corresponds to graceful grace 12K98ME-C diesel motor) is altogether shown.When 45% load, the power demand for additional fan reaches peak value 620kW.When higher load, turbocharger 17 is taken over and by cut-off clutch 67, additional fan 18a is disconnected from electric drive motor 64.
In the third embodiment, heavy fuel oil in common rail 45 is not only transported to and injects fuel into cylinder 14 (Fig. 1,2) the eductor (not shown) in but also be transported at exhaust valve assemblies 15 (Fig. 1,2) the hydraulic actuator (not shown) in, for being they supplying energies.Hydraulic actuator (not shown) provides the tensile force of exhaust valve (not shown equally), and can avoid hydraulic efficiency pressure system greatly by utilizing heavy fuel oil replacement dedicated hydraulic liquid to carry out operate actuator.But should be appreciated that this embodiment can easily be retrofit into and comprise independently for high-pressure hydraulic and the independently high-pressure fuel system such as exhaust valve actuator supplying energy, each have its oneself pump and electric drive motor.
Fuel injector and exhaust valve actuator are connected to common rail 45 by the pipeline comprising respective electronic control valve (not shown).The fluid returned from valve actuator causes fuel tank 42 via pipeline 46.
Can operate, so do not need to be typically included in the startup pumping system in order to sap pressure supply power during engine starting in traditional propulsion system according to the propulsion system of the 3rd embodiment when 10 inoperation of large-sized two-stroke driving engine because being provided the hydraulic power unit of energy by electric power.
Overall pattern in fig .9 by connecting between parts and parts illustrates the 4th preferred implementation according to marine propuision system of the present invention.This propulsion system comprises the two cycle engine 10 of electrical control.Produce electric power by generator set 40 and electrical generator 61, drive electrical generator 61 by the power obtained from bent axle by mechanical drive 63.Powerplant module 40 is not when large-sized two-stroke driving engine 10 runs---time such as when vessel berth---to be supplied electric power and can assist high-rating generator 61 under peak hook load.
High pressure fuel is transported to common rail 45 via pipeline 47 by high pressure pumping station 44 (it is depicted as single variable delivery pump, but can comprise more than one pump).Pumping plant 44 is driven by the power obtained from bent axle by mechanical drive 41.Mechanical drive 41 can comprise gear and/or chain.Energy storage 48 (be depicted as single energy storage, but can be formed by several energy storage) is connected to pipeline 47 with leveling pressure.
The hydraulic power that variable delivery pump 69 is carried and is used for HM Hydraulic Motor 49---it drives additional fan 18a---.Variable delivery pump 69 is driven by electric drive motor 68.High pressure fuel is fed to the change displacement volume formula motor 49 driving additional fan 18a by pipeline 50.Amount of power needed for additional fan 18a changes, and be the highest at the low load level place of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine 10, and when the load level of the continuous maximum rated 40%-50% higher than large-sized two-stroke diesel engine 10 be zero.The volume of variable delivery pump 71 and the demand of HM Hydraulic Motor 49 match.
Variable delivery pump is connected to fuel common rail 45 by the pipeline 70 with control cock 74, for urgent hydraulic power being fed to fuel common rail 45 and HM Hydraulic Motor 49 when hydraulic power unit 45 fault.Typically, the volume of variable delivery pump 69 correspond to be fed under the engine loading of 15% common rail 45 and HM Hydraulic Motor 49, for the aggregate demand of the hydraulic power of valve actuator and eductor.If main pumping station 44 fault, then control cock 74 is opened and high pressure fuel is transported to common rail 45 and HM Hydraulic Motor 49 by variable delivery pump 69.
In the 4th embodiment, heavy fuel oil in common rail is not only transported to the eductor injected fuel in cylinder 14 (Fig. 1,2), but also is transported to exhaust valve assemblies 15 (Fig. 1,2) the hydraulic actuator (not shown) in, to give their supplying energies.Hydraulic actuator (not shown) provides the tensile force of exhaust valve (not shown equally), and carrys out operate actuator by utilizing heavy fuel oil to replace dedicated hydraulic liquid, makes it possible to avoid hydraulic efficiency pressure system greatly.But be to be understood that, the embodiment of all descriptions easily can be retrofit into and comprise independently high-pressure hydraulic---its for such as exhaust valve actuator supplying energy---and independently high-pressure fuel system, and each have its oneself pump and electric drive motor.
Fuel injector and exhaust valve actuator are connected to common rail 45 by the pipeline comprising respective electronic control valve (not shown).The fluid returned from valve actuator causes fuel tank 42 via pipeline 46.
Because provided the valve 74 of the Hydraulic Pump 69 of energy with being similar to emergency operation in an open position during engine starting by electric power in, so do not need to be typically included in traditional propulsion system with the startup pumping system of sap pressure supply power during engine starting according to the propulsion system of the 4th embodiment.
Figure 10 illustrates the 5th embodiment of the present invention.This large-sized two-stroke diesel engine 10 is accompanied with one or more generator set 40 (only illustrating) and is accompanied with one or more pump group 106 (only illustrating).Pump group 106 comprises directly by auxiliary diesel engine 108---preferably 4 stroke diesel engines---the large-scale variable delivery pump 107 of driving much smaller than large-sized two-stroke diesel engine 10.Major part for the high-pressure fluid of hydraulic efficiency pressure system is formed by pump group 106.Small part for the high-pressure fluid of hydraulic efficiency pressure system is formed by the high pressure variable delivery pump 44 driven by electrical motor 43.Alternately (not shown), pump 44 can by the power driven obtained from bent axle.Exist and there are two high pressure pumps of different driving unit or pumping plant is that hydraulic efficiency pressure system provides redundancy, ensure to have enough hydraulic powers with under the motivation level that takes home---50%-60% of such as maximum load---operation large-sized two-stroke diesel engine.In the present embodiment, in normal engine operation, hydraulic efficiency pressure system drives hydraulic exhaust valve actuator and additional fan.Therefore, the hydraulic power of installation is mounted at least twice (that is, being about 3.6% to 5% of the output of maximum sustainer, main engine) of the typical hydraulic power (being about 1.8% to 2.3% of the output of maximum sustainer, main engine) in traditional propulsion system.Hydraulic Pump 44 and 107 can both operate independent of the running state of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine.
The structure of the 5th embodiment allows the hydraulic power of large-scale installation can finally for the HM Hydraulic Motor supplying power for the propelling unit that takes home.Thus if large-sized two-stroke driving engine et out of order unexpectedly, then hydraulic power produces by pump group 108 and electric drive pump 44.In this case, electrical control valve 51 is opened, and hydraulic power supply is to two slow running hydraulic motor 53 being preferably the type described with reference to Fig. 6.HM Hydraulic Motor 53 is configured with the axle drive shaft 54 of band through hole, and this axle drive shaft 54 preferably coordinates and is connected to axle drive shaft 5.HM Hydraulic Motor 53 can drive axle drive shaft with about 25% to 33% of the maximum operating speed of large-sized two-stroke driving engine, and maximum power exports about 2% to 5% of the maximum output for large-sized two-stroke diesel engine.These boats and ships being enough to guarantee wherein to be provided with propulsion system keep being steerable.
Therefore, HM Hydraulic Motor 53 will always be rotated together with axle drive shaft, that is, also rotate together when large-sized two-stroke driving engine 10 operates.In order to be the resistance/loss due to friction along with reducing during axle drive shaft 5 passive rotation in HM Hydraulic Motor 53 in HM Hydraulic Motor 53, by hydraulic actuated lifting roller cage pistons 71, it is made not contact with cam curve 78.
If HM Hydraulic Motor 53 to bear the type run under large-sized two-stroke driving engine maximum speed or the type that cannot reverse, between the output shaft 54 that then power-transfer clutch or separable connecting device (not shown) are arranged on hollow (many large-sized two-stroke diesel engines can reverse, and this is for the demand of fixed knot apart from the propulsion system of screw propeller).
Figure 11 illustrates the 6th embodiment of the present invention.This large-sized two-stroke diesel engine 10 is accompanied with two generator seies 40.Electrical motor 43 drives the large hydraulic high pressure pump 44 of variable displacement type.High-pressure fluid from high pressure pump 44 is supplied in common rail 45.Except aux blower motor auxiliary 49 and exhaust valve actuator, hydraulic efficiency pressure system is also two HM Hydraulic Motor 81 supplying power driving centrifugal sea water pump 82 (object in order to redundancy arranges two pumps) via pipeline 52.Sea water pump 82 from seawater inlet 83 pumping seawater, turns back to seawer outlet 85 via central cooler 84.Central cooler 84 is shell-type, tubular type or the plate heat exchanger be made up of sea water resistance material.
Via pipeline 52, hydraulic efficiency pressure system is also for driving two HM Hydraulic Motor 86 supplying power of center centrifugal formula cooling water pump 87.Central authorities' cooling water pump 87 pumping fresh water is through central cooler 84, through lube oil cooler 88, through jacket water cooler 89, then return through multiple parts (not shown) of large-sized two-stroke driving engine 10.
In addition, hydraulic efficiency pressure system is also two HM Hydraulic Motor 90 supplying power driving lubricating pump 91 (object in order to redundancy arranges two pumps) via pipeline 52.Lubricating pump 91 pumping lubricating oil through oil cooler 88, through large-sized two-stroke driving engine 10 multiple part and assembly and return.
Two centrifugal cylinder jacket cooling pumps 93 are driven via power-producing two HM Hydraulic Motor 92 of pipeline 52.Cylinder jacket cooling pump 93 pumps the water through jacket water cooler 89, return via cylinder liner, cylinder head and exhaust valve.Jacket water is also for the insulation of fuel emission pipe.
One or more HM Hydraulic Motor 95 (only illustrating) is one or more ballast pump 94 (only illustrating) supplying power via pipeline 52.Ballast pump 94 is from each ballast box (not shown) withdrawn fluid arranged around boats and ships and be pumped into each ballast box, to make boats and ships level.
One or more HM Hydraulic Motor 97 (only illustrating) is one or more as handling pump 96 (only the illustrating one) supplying power in such as oil tanker via pipeline 52.
One or more HM Hydraulic Motor 98 (only illustrating) is one or more compressor 99 (only illustrating) supplying power via pipeline 52, thus produces the pressurized air being used for such as controlling and start air system.
One or more HM Hydraulic Motor 100 (only illustrating) is that one or more windlass 101 (only illustrating) supplying power is to weigh anchor and to cast anchor via pipeline 52.Windlass can be used for other chain or the cable that loosen or draw in the diverse location being arranged in boats and ships surrounding, or can be the rope rail of hoisting crane.
Use at the diverse location of boats and ships and directly from the HM Hydraulic Motor of the hydraulic efficiency pressure system supply high-pressure fluid of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine, there is the effect can avoiding many high power cables, connecting device, switch and electrical motor at boats and ships, simultaneously owing to there is no spark production part in hydraulic efficiency pressure system, so also have the advantage improving fire-proof function---especially true on the boats and ships of delivery flammable cargo.
Hydraulic action in traditional propelling unit of the large-sized two-stroke diesel engine with electrical control is typically about 1.5% of the maximum power of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine.By using HM Hydraulic Motor to replace electrical motor in the above-described embodiment in a large number, hydraulic action can in the scope of about 3% to about 6% of the maximum power of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine.
Any pressure higher than 8 bar contained in the term " high pressure " used in above-mentioned " high pressure pump " and " high pressure hydraulic fluid ".
Although describe in detail the present invention for illustrative purposes, should be appreciated that these specifically describe only for illustration of object, and those of skill in the art can make multiple remodeling and not deviate from category of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. for the propulsion system of large-scale seagoing vessel, comprising: large-scale two-stroke crosshead diesel motor, it is connected to screw propeller via axle drive shaft; One or more generator set, it comprises prime power and electrical generator, generates electricity for the serviceability independent of described large-scale two-stroke crosshead diesel motor; High-pressure and hydraulic pumping plant or pump, it is by one or more direct motor drive; And hydraulic piston motor, described hydraulic piston motor has the hollow output shaft directly coordinated with same described axle drive shaft, to provide the power that takes home when described large-scale two-stroke crosshead diesel motor et out of order.
2. propulsion system according to claim 1, wherein, described hydraulic piston motor is slow running displacement mechanical system.
3. propulsion system according to claim 2, wherein, described hydraulic piston motor is included in the roller cage pistons having and the cam of outshot runs, and when described hydraulic piston motor inoperation, described roller cage pistons is lifted.
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| CN200580051784XA CN101283171B (en) | 2005-10-05 | 2005-10-05 | Propulsion system of ship |
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| CN200580051784XA Division CN101283171B (en) | 2005-10-05 | 2005-10-05 | Propulsion system of ship |
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| CN102320368B true CN102320368B (en) | 2015-12-02 |
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| WO2017189420A1 (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2017-11-02 | Carrier Corporation | Water-cooled refrigerated transport system |
| CN112722224B (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-11-02 | 燕山大学 | Over-constrained double-branch two-rotating spherical parallel vector propeller |
| CN115009498A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-09-06 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一一研究所 | Diesel-electric hybrid power propulsion system and control method |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3709186A (en) * | 1971-01-21 | 1973-01-09 | T Gotmalm | Propelling means for motor boats and auxiliary sailing yachts |
| DE2324670A1 (en) * | 1973-05-16 | 1974-12-05 | Joost Basen Hasselo Smits | ENERGY CONSUMER FOR DRIVE SYSTEMS, IN PARTICULAR FOR SHIPS |
| US3978771A (en) * | 1975-04-21 | 1976-09-07 | Clark Equipment Company | Mechanical piston retention for free wheeling |
| FR2351277A1 (en) * | 1976-05-11 | 1977-12-09 | Spie Batignolles | SYSTEM FOR TRANSFORMING RANDOM ENERGY FROM A NATURAL FLUID |
| JPS5876396A (en) * | 1981-10-29 | 1983-05-09 | Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd | Starting method of emergency running motor for vessel |
| IT1204162B (en) * | 1986-05-12 | 1989-03-01 | Rodriquez Spa | NAVAL PROPULSION PLANT WITH HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION |
| RU2104212C1 (en) * | 1993-02-17 | 1998-02-10 | Панов Вячеслав Александрович | Power plant for fishery vessel |
| AU3108095A (en) * | 1994-09-01 | 1996-03-22 | Soldati Ag | Radial piston engine for compressed air operation |
| FI963585A7 (en) * | 1996-09-11 | 1998-03-12 | Abb Industry Oy | Electrical system |
| DE19854570C1 (en) * | 1998-11-26 | 2000-09-21 | Man B & W Diesel As | clutch |
| DE10111910A1 (en) * | 2001-03-13 | 2002-09-19 | Man B&W Diesel A/S, Copenhagen Sv | Hybrid diesel mechanical and electrical drive system for safe and adaptable ship operation |
| JP2005096518A (en) * | 2003-09-22 | 2005-04-14 | Kanzaki Kokyukoki Mfg Co Ltd | Propeller shaft driving device for ship |
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Address after: Copenhagen, Denmark Patentee after: Mannone solutions (mannone solutions Germany) branch Address before: Copenhagen, Denmark Patentee before: Mann Diesel & Turbine, an associate company of Mann Diesel & Turbine Europe AG |
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