CN101995610A - Ultra-thin wide spectrum holographic antenna - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种全息光学天线装置，包括一个光线传播基底，在基底上记录的至少一耦合光栅和至少一频道光栅；其中耦合光栅为输入光栅，将具有一定孔径角的空间光耦合进入基底，使有限孔径内不同波长的光波变换为具有一定相位倾斜的平面波，在基底中进行全反射传播，并使不同波长的入射光波进行一定的光谱分离。至少一频道光栅使入射到其上的平面波耦合出射，进入后续光电转换和信号处理电路，获得输入光携带的信息，实现天线的功能。本发明的光学天线具有制作成本低，装调难度小的优点，不依赖透镜系统，可以同时满足超薄尺寸和大孔径的要求。
The invention relates to a holographic optical antenna device, which comprises a light propagation substrate, at least one coupling grating and at least one channel grating recorded on the substrate; wherein the coupling grating is an input grating, which couples spatial light with a certain aperture angle into the substrate, The light waves of different wavelengths in the limited aperture are converted into plane waves with a certain phase inclination, which are propagated through total reflection in the substrate, and the incident light waves of different wavelengths are separated in a certain spectrum. At least one channel of the grating makes the plane wave incident on it coupled out, enters the subsequent photoelectric conversion and signal processing circuit, obtains the information carried by the input light, and realizes the function of the antenna. The optical antenna of the present invention has the advantages of low manufacturing cost and low difficulty in assembly and adjustment, does not depend on the lens system, and can meet the requirements of ultra-thin size and large aperture at the same time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of holographic optical elements (HOE), specifically, relate to the thin wide spectrum holographic antenna of a kind of ultralight, to realize the optical antenna function in the free space and to carry out opto-electronic conversion.
Background technology
When the Fibre Optical Communication Technology that is used for ground reached its maturity, people had focused on sight on the free space optical communication.Free space optical communication is the product of optical fiber communication and radio communication, is carrier with laser, uses the light pulse modulation signal, transmits the communication technology of information in vacuum or atmospheric envelope, comprises satellite optical communication, the optical communication of star ground, atmospheric optical communication.Traditional relatively utilize electromagnetic communication, free space optical communication has narrow transmitting beam, and information capacity is big, and emitter and power are little, security performance is strong, anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI), and cost is lower, installs fast, networking flexibility without the concession card, does not have advantages such as influence to human body.
Optical system is the important component part in the space optical communication system, and optical antenna is the core of above-mentioned optical system, and this is because for any communication system, can antenna correctly transmit and receive useful signal is the communication key of success.
In space optical communication system, traditional optical antenna has all adopted lens combination to collect/send the light signal of the information of carrying, and lens combination has comprised a series of optical lenses of refraction, reflection and refraction-reflection.Be in the needs of signal transmission, require the lens combination in the optical antenna to have heavy caliber usually, cooperate higher relative installation accuracy, obtain the excellent communications effect in the communication space to be implemented in.Yet the increase of transmitting quantity of information along with radio communication, and the interference of various barriers in the communication space require constantly to increase to the bore of collecting lens, and the increase of bore is accompanied by the reinforcement of collection/transmission signal but also brings a series of technical barrier.Bigbore optical lens manufacture difficulty height, cause the significantly increase of cost, and large-sized optical lens is generally relatively heavier, has brought difficulty more for installment works such as debuging aligning, influence the effect of optical antenna greatly, limited the development of space optical communication technology.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to overcome the problems of the prior art, provides a kind of making simple, can be integrated in the other system, has the holographic antenna of detecting function concurrently.Holographic antenna utilization of the present invention realizes light collection/transmission, separation/combination based on a series of gratings of same substrate, and the function of opto-electronic conversion, do not rely on lens combination, can satisfy ultra-thin size and wide-aperture requirement simultaneously, and do not bring the increase of manufacture difficulty and cost, be beneficial to installing and locating yet.
According to wide spectrum holographic antenna of the present invention, comprising: transparent propagation substrate, at least one coupling grating and at least one channel grating; Described coupling grating and channel grating place to be propagated in the substrate, the channel grating places a side of coupling grating, the spatial light signal that carries information enters the propagation substrate through described coupling grating diffraction, propagate to the channel grating orientation with the total reflection form in propagating substrate, the light that arrives channel grating place is shone outside the substrate by the channel optical grating diffraction.
According to wide spectrum holographic antenna of the present invention, can be operated under the single wavelength, also can be operated under the multi-wavelength, and can be used as the detector use.Owing to adopted grating, antenna of the present invention can adapt to the needs of wide spectrographic detection scope, can also come the modulated spectrum scope by the difference of grating recording parameters.In the high application of signal intensity, antenna of the present invention can be integrated in other system, realizes integrated and miniaturization.Because the physical property of grating is relatively stable, compares other traditional optical antennas, to environment for use require smallerly, application places is extensive.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle structure synoptic diagram of holographic antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 2 utilizes holographic antenna of the present invention to be operated in synoptic diagram under the single wavelength flashlight situation.
Fig. 3 propagates synoptic diagram to the signal in the course of work shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 4 is that holographic antenna according to the present invention is operated in the synoptic diagram under the multi-wavelength signals light situation.
Fig. 5 launches synoptic diagram to the light path in the course of work shown in Figure 4.
Fig. 6 utilizes holographic antenna of the present invention to be operated in a variation under the multi-wavelength signals light situation.
Fig. 7 utilizes holographic antenna of the present invention to make the example of a grating waveguide signal sensor.
Specific embodiment
Describe the concrete technical scheme of the thin wide spectrum holographic antenna of ultralight of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, yet the present invention can be with multiple multi-form enforcement, and should not be interpreted as being confined to the exemplary embodiment that this paper sets forth.
As shown in Figure 1, holographic antenna of the present invention comprises: propagate substrate (101), a coupling grating H
0And one group of channel grating H (102),
1～H
m(103).The process that communicates with the collection flashlight is an example, coupling grating places the upper surface of propagating substrate, this moment, coupling grating was the transmission-type grating, in order to increase diffraction efficiency, antenna of the present invention also can adopt another kind of structure, coupling grating is set to the reflection-type grating, place on the lower surface of propagating substrate, no matter coupling grating still is the reflection-type grating for the transmission-type grating, flashlight from free space all is used to collect, make the light of collecting enter the propagation substrate through described transmission-type coupling grating diffraction, perhaps see through substrate earlier and entered substrate by the reflection-type coupling grating diffraction of substrate lower surface, when angle of diffraction satisfied the total reflection condition of substrate, total reflection takes place in substrate above-mentioned flashlight of collecting propagated, and propagate substrate and be equivalent to a waveguide this moment.Since the branch light action of grating, the angle of diffraction difference of the flashlight of different wave length, and the flashlight of each wavelength correspondence will incide channel grating corresponding with it respectively, the light signal of this channel grating outgoing respective wavelength.And do not continued in substrate, to propagate by the light of this channel grating outgoing, realize outgoing until arriving the channel grating that can make it outgoing, perhaps penetrate substrate as non-effective light signal, based on the similar principle of coupling grating, the channel grating also can be transmission or reflection-type.In order to improve the unicity of emergent light wavelength, optical filter can be set in the exiting side of channel grating filter, only will pass through optical filter and corresponding to the light outgoing of this channel grating emergent light wavelength.The process that sends signal can be considered the reverse procedure of collection, briefly, the information that will need to send by signal processing is carried in the light of a certain wavelength, some light that carry the different wave length of information are injected the channel grating of corresponding position respectively, channel grating pair light carries out diffraction, diffraction light enters the propagation substrate and propagates, and the light that enters substrate through each channel grating all can arrive coupling grating H
0, by H
0Diffraction and outgoing are as the light signal freedom of entry space that is sent out.Holographic antenna of the present invention will give outgoing respectively according to wavelength from the flashlight that free space is collected, and realize wavelength-division multiplex, thereby the information of carrying in the light of each wavelength is received by corresponding receiver with light, obtains corresponding information after signal Processing; The light that carries the different wave length of corresponding information is entered substrate through different channel optical grating diffractions mix, propagate and arrive coupling grating, be transmitted into free space, realize communication by coupling grating.One group of channel grating comprises a grating at least, places a side of described input coupling grating.
Influenced by the opening of free space, the intensity of light signal is difficult for keeping, especially when propagation distance is longer.When the light signal that is collected comparatively disperses or is more weak, need be from free space collection light signal as much as possible, thereby the coupling grating that will import usefulness usually is arranged to large-size and is collected the signal intensity that the area increase is collected to increase, but strengthening the mode of collecting signal is not limited thereto, selectable, for the light signal of a certain specific wavelength, can utilize enhancing modes such as surface plasma enhancing, realize in the light incident side of coupling grating plating layer of metal film.
Except that being used for communication system, on the emitting light path of each channel grating, detector is set, as photoelectric commutator etc., realize being collected the opto-electronic conversion of signal, make the thin wide spectrum holographic antenna of ultralight of the present invention also can be used as detecting device to light signal.
According to the first embodiment of the present invention, holographic antenna of the present invention is worked under the single wavelength flashlight, and the 1.31 μ ms used as present space optical communication comprise the propagation substrate, coupling grating H
0With channel grating H
1Coupling grating H
0Collect and the light signal of emission all for this reason single wavelength, have certain visual angle and carry the free space information carrying beam of information, as shown in Figure 2.During received signal, flashlight incides coupling grating H with different angles in communication process
0(102) on, be coupled grating H
0Transmission and diffraction, outgoing have one group of directional light of different angles and go into to inject substrate (101), and the refractive index n of substrate satisfies to be made the light that injects substrate carry out total reflection in substrate and propagate, and after repeatedly total reflection is propagated, incide and are positioned at coupling grating H
0The channel grating H of one side
1(104), channel grating H
1To optical diffraction and transmission, after filtering, the optical filter (105) of exiting side, promptly is converted to electric signal on the electrooptical device (106) of this channel grating, electric signal is carried out signal Processing, promptly obtain transmission and next information.The intensity of the signal that the strength information reflection antenna of electric signal is collected.Coupling grating H
0Be a holographic line grating, its grating equation is
d(sinβ+nsinθ)＝mλ
c (1)
Wherein, λ
cFor reproducing optical wavelength, n is the substrate refractive index, and β is the off-axis angle of incident light wave, and θ is the off-axis angle of picture light wave, and d is a grating constant, and m is that the order of diffraction is inferior.On the recording mode of holographic grating, line grating is to write down with the two bundle plane waves that certain angle is arranged.From the angle of light ray propagation direction, can think that line grating is exactly a plane mirror, and when a branch of plane wave illumination is to grating, the angle of two bundle plane waves when the change angle of this plane wave propagation direction equals to write down.
Guarantee that simultaneously light beam carries out total reflection and propagates in substrate, the substrate refractive index satisfies:
nsinθ≥1 (2)
For coupling grating H
0, its size can be accomplished very big, as times over H
1Size, to satisfy boundling effect, to increase the signal intensity of output to signal.The example explanation of the communication process of signal can be referring to Fig. 3, according to shown in Figure 3, with H
0(102) being divided into N part considers, with N=2 is example, the information carrying beam of the equidirectional incident in N1 and the N2 part enters substrate after diffracted, by control N1 and the two-part distance of N2 (of the horizontal shift of this distance definition) for getting back to upper surface of substrate once more and passed through through a total reflection of substrate from the light of N1 part diffraction, make the corresponding position of just in time inciding N2 from the light of N1 diffraction by a total reflection of substrate, and with N2 part in herein diffraction light converge and propagate forward jointly, finally incide output coupling grating H
1In, play the effect that increases signal intensity.It may be noted that, for the light beam that incides the N2 part among Fig. 3, after their diffraction enter waveguide, the N1 part is incided in total reflection meeting through substrate, it can lose portion of energy owing to diffraction takes place in the N1 part, but because the control of substrate refractive index total reflection, the N1 part is not high to the outer efficient of substrate to optical diffraction, see that on the whole the light that continues to propagate in substrate surface generation reflection is to channel grating H in substrate
1Output light intensity tangible contribution is still arranged.To collect the light enter substrate and can as much as possiblely propagate in substrate in order to make, can prevent that light from leaking propagating the part plating reflectance coating that does not have grating in the substrate, reduce optical energy loss, reflectance coating has high reflectance to signal light wavelength and is advisable to satisfy.
According to a second embodiment of the present invention, the work of described holographic antenna under multi-wavelength signals light situation, described multi-wavelength signals can comprise 0.85 common in optical communication μ m, 1.31 μ m, 1.55 μ m equiwavelengths' light signal.Under the situation of multi-wavelength signals light, holographic antenna of the present invention comprises propagates substrate 101, coupling grating H
0With one group of channel grating H
1～H
m, wherein m is the natural number more than or equal to 2.According to shown in Figure 4, from free space two the bundle different wave lengths light incide coupling grating H with identical field angle
0(102), be coupled grating H
0Transmission and diffraction and enter and propagate substrate (101), the refractive index of propagating substrate satisfies to be made via coupling grating H
0The light that enters can total reflection and is propagated.Because coupling grating H
0Dispersion interaction, along with the propagation of light, light beams of different wavelengths is separated gradually, and final from the channel grating H corresponding, different with wavelength
1(104), H
2(107) go up outgoing respectively, thereby realize that the information that the light with different wave length carries is distinguished, different wavelength carries different information, communicates by holographic antenna of the present invention, has increased open ended quantity of information greatly.The interference of other parasitic lights of not considering during for fear of outgoing on the channel grating, can be after the light path of each channel grating in the light path corresponding substrate location place add the anti-reflection film (108) of corresponding wavelength, as shown in Figure 4, when the light of certain wavelength by the outgoing of channel grating, anti-reflection film in corresponding next total reflection position setting with it destroys total reflection condition and makes the light of this wavelength shine free space, thereby avoids this wavelength by the part parasitic light of channel optical grating diffraction next channel grating not to be exerted an influence.
Fig. 5 has provided according to the course of work of Fig. 4 and has launched light path, waveguide is carried out in substrate launched, and establishes field of view angle (at H
0The incident field angle) be 2 θ
Field, choose+1 order diffraction coupling grating H
0(102) be a holographic line grating, must its grating equation be by formula (1):
d(sinβ+nsinθ)＝λ
c (3)
And
-θ
field≤β≤θ
field (4)
And
sinθ
inc≤sinθ≤1 (6)
θ
IncBe substrate inner total reflection critical angle,
sinθ
inc＝1/n (7)
Intrinsic
Then the wavelength coverage that can propagate in waveguide is for satisfying
d(1+sinθ
field)≤λ≤d(n-sinθ
field) (9)
By formula (9) as can be known, propagable wavelength and grating constant d in the waveguide, field angle 2 θ
FieldRelevant with the substrate refractive index n.
In Fig. 5, solid line and dotted line are represented two wavelength X respectively
1And λ
2, and
d(1+sinθ
field)≤λ
1＜λ
2≤d(n-sinθ
field) (10)
By formula (3) as can be known, for wavelength X
1And λ
2Light wave, the angle θ of the diffraction light of its whole visual fields in waveguide
Diff1And θ
Diff2Scope be:
Promptly as shown in Figure 5, wherein off-axis angle is θ
1And θ
2Two groups of directional lights be λ
1-5 ° and the diffraction light of+5 ° of visual fields, off-axis angle is θ
3And θ
4Two groups of directional lights be λ
2-5 ° and the diffraction light of+5 ° of visual fields,
If two outgoing grating H
1(104), H
2(107) be spaced apart b, then
b＝Dtanθ
3-(Dtanθ
1+a) (13)
Thickness when wherein D is the optical waveguide expansion, a is outgoing grating H
1(H
1And H
2Equal in length) length.
Bring formula (12) into formula (13):
Then if make the outgoing beam of two wavelength spatially separate requirement
b≥0 (15)
By formula (14) as can be known, the interval of two channel gratings (is signal light-wave λ with light ray propagation distance (being that optical waveguide is launched thickness D), substrate refractive index n, reproduction optical wavelength
1And λ
2), field angle 2 θ
FieldA is relevant with the emergent light gate length.
If get refractive index n=1.5, grating constant d=1.2 μ m (being every millimeter 833 pairs of lines), field of view angle is 2 θ
Field=10 °, then the wavelength coverage that can propagate in waveguide is
1.30μm≤λ≤1.70μm (16)
Choose two wavelength X
1=1.31 μ m, λ
2=1.55 μ m can be drawn by formula (12)
θ
1＝51.8°，θ
2＝42.0°
θ
3＝66.8°，θ
4＝53.4° (17)
By formula (14), get b=0, a=10mm,
D＝9.41mm (18)
If choosing substrate thickness is 3mm, and be that the light total reflection arrives H 7 times
1, because the influence of order of reflection, this moment D=24mm, outgoing grating H
1, H
2The interval by formula (14)
b＝15.5mm
And this moment grating H
0With grating H
1Horizontal range on basal surface is 11.6mm.
Except that said structure, antenna of the present invention can also have structure as shown in Figure 6 when working under multi-wavelength, collects light intensity to increase, and is specially and adopts two input coupling grating H
0, propagating two input coupling grating H of left and right sides symmetric position record of substrate (101) among Fig. 6
0(102), their basic structure is identical, all is line grating, just uses the plane wave record, but is noted that here their record direction is opposite.That is to say when the time with the grating on the directional light of the vertical incidence irradiation left side, the positive direction of propagation of first-order diffraction in waveguide to the right, and when with the grating on the directional light irradiation right side of vertical incidence, just the direction of propagation of first-order diffraction in waveguide is left.The light that comes through two coupling gratings collections enters substrate to the one group of channel grating H that places between two coupling gratings
1～H
m(103) propagate, according to the difference of wavelength, in different channel grating place's outgoing, the course of work of this structure and the course of work shown in Figure 4 are similar respectively, and difference promptly is coupling grating H
0For being symmetrical two, can realize that like this ability of collecting light doubles, promptly be equipped with corresponding distribution by the quantity that increases coupling grating, also can improve the signal light intensity of collecting.
Similarly, use as detector, when surveying a certain wavelength signals, as shown in Figure 7, propagate the coupling grating H that four different directions are set in the substrate one by antenna of the present invention
0(102), output coupling grating H
1(104) place the central authorities of substrate, be advisable with the central authorities that are positioned at the coupling grating distribution shape, at H
1The top is provided with a detector.Four coupling grating H wherein
0Structure basic identical, but to choose the thing light and the reference light of different directions when writing down grating, make as spatial light diffractedly and when being coupled into substrate, can make light all towards the output coupling grating H of centre
1Propagate.Concrete principle is identical with structure shown in Figure 2.But because only consider detection this moment to a certain wavelength signals, be under the situation of single wavelength, in substrate, increase the quantity of the coupling grating of knowing clearly for the ability that increases detection, and make these coupling gratings satisfy certain rule of arranging, symmetry arrangement up and down as shown in Figure 7, thereby for channel grating (promptly exporting grating) H
1, the light wave that comes from four direction is up and down just arranged, for the light wave that makes this four direction can both pass through H
1Diffraction and shining on the detector need be H
1Be designed to orthogonal grating up and down, promptly on same recording medium, write down twice, and guarantee record direction quadrature this twice.Quantity for coupling grating also is not limited to form shown in Figure 7 with arranging, as long as the recording mode of each coupling grating and its are complementary in suprabasil position, light is all got final product towards channel grating side diffraction, and the structure of channel grating also needs to satisfy coupling simultaneously.
Though shown in detail embodiments of the invention, should be understood that those skilled in the art can expect modification and the adjustment to these embodiment, and do not break away from the scope of the present invention that proposes as claims.
Claims (9)
1. one kind wide spectrum holographic antenna comprises: transparent propagation substrate, at least one coupling grating and at least one channel grating; Described coupling grating and channel grating place to be propagated in the substrate, the channel grating places a side of coupling grating, the spatial light signal that carries information enters the propagation substrate through described coupling grating diffraction, propagate to the channel grating orientation with the total reflection form in propagating substrate, the light that arrives channel grating place is shone outside the substrate by the channel optical grating diffraction.
2. holographic antenna as claimed in claim 1, described coupling grating are to place the reflection-type grating of propagating substrate lower surface, and the mode of diffraction is coupled into the propagation substrate with described spatial light signal by reflecting also; Perhaps described coupling grating is to place the upper surface transmission-type grating of propagating substrate, and the mode by transmission and diffraction is coupled into the propagation substrate with described spatial light signal.
3. holographic antenna as claimed in claim 1, the size of described coupling grating is greater than the size of described channel grating.
4. holographic antenna as claimed in claim 1, the light exit side of described coupling grating is provided with optical filter, and the centre wavelength of described optical filter is with corresponding by the optical wavelength of outgoing.
5. as claim 1 or 3 or 4 described holographic antennas, described coupling grating is one, the channel grating is a plurality of, each channel grating is arranged in order the side in described coupling grating, each channel grating pair is answered the light of outgoing one wavelength, in the back light path of each channel grating corresponding substrate location place have with this by the corresponding anti-reflection film of the optical wavelength of outgoing.
6. as claim 1 or 3 or 4 described holographic antennas, described coupling grating is one or more, and described channel grating is one, and described a plurality of coupling gratings are distribution symmetrically around described channel grating.
7. holographic antenna as claimed in claim 6, described channel grating top is provided with detector, the part plating reflectance coating that does not have grating of described propagation substrate.
8. as claim 1 or 3 or 4 described holographic antennas, described coupling grating is a plurality of, described channel grating also is a plurality of, described a plurality of channel grating concentrates in together, described coupling grating concentrates the zone that distributes to be distribution symmetrically around described channel grating, the opposite recording mode record that passes through that is a pair of coupling grating of symmetrical distribution forms, in the back light path of each channel grating corresponding substrate location place have with this by the corresponding anti-reflection film of the optical wavelength of outgoing.
9. holographic antenna as claimed in claim 1, described coupling grating surface are coated with the metallic film of realizing the plasma enhancement effect.
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| CN111240015A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-06-05 | 北京理工大学 | Diffraction waveguide with uniform double-side outgoing light |
| CN111492301A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2020-08-04 | 迪斯帕列斯有限公司 | Multi-pupil waveguide display element and display device |
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| CN106764555B (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2019-11-08 | 东南大学 | A Communication System and Holographic Waveguide Antenna Based on Matrix Illumination |
| CN106764555A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-05-31 | 东南大学 | A kind of communication system and holographical wave guide antenna based on matrix lighting |
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| CN110809730A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2020-02-18 | 微软技术许可有限责任公司 | Large field of view waveguide supporting red, green and blue colors on one board |
| CN111492301B (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2022-08-19 | 迪斯帕列斯有限公司 | Multi-pupil waveguide display element and display device |
| CN111492301A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2020-08-04 | 迪斯帕列斯有限公司 | Multi-pupil waveguide display element and display device |
| CN113366262B (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2023-10-10 | 卡尔蔡斯耶拿有限公司 | Functionalized waveguide for a detector system |
| CN113366262A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2021-09-07 | 卡尔蔡斯耶拿有限公司 | Functionalized waveguide for detector system |
| WO2021003717A1 (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-01-14 | Suteng Innovation Technology Co., Ltd. | Optical antenna, optical phased array transmitter, and lidar system using the same |
| CN110955042B (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2021-04-06 | 浙江大学 | Symmetrical light beam scanning system and working method thereof |
| CN110955042A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-04-03 | 浙江大学 | A symmetric beam scanning system and its working method |
| CN111240015A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-06-05 | 北京理工大学 | Diffraction waveguide with uniform double-side outgoing light |
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