CN101980412B - A Percutaneous Closed-Loop Controlled Charging Device for Implantable Medical Instruments - Google Patents
A Percutaneous Closed-Loop Controlled Charging Device for Implantable Medical Instruments Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
用于植入式医疗仪器的经皮闭环控制充电装置属于植入式医疗仪器技术领域，其特征在于：它含有体外充电器和体内植入式医疗仪器。体外能量发射线圈为大尺寸扁平状磁芯线圈，体内能量接收线圈为空心线圈，采用中心轴平行的谐振电磁耦合方式，体外能量发射线圈发射电磁能量，体内能量接收线圈获得的电能通过体内充电控制电路为体内充电电池进行充电。通过脉冲位置调制方式通信进行闭环控制，以保证不同充电阶段植入式医疗仪器接收到的能量在正常范围内，有效控制发热，提高安全性，同时通过体内反馈参数进行效率计算，实现对位提示，提高充电效率。本发明的经皮无线充电方法，可经过钛外壳为植入式医疗仪器充电，充电过程安全、可靠，可应用于与脑深部刺激器应用功率等级相当的各类植入式医疗仪器。
The percutaneous closed-loop control charging device for implanted medical instruments belongs to the technical field of implanted medical instruments, and is characterized in that it contains an external charger and internal implanted medical instruments. The external energy transmitting coil is a large-size flat magnetic core coil, and the internal energy receiving coil is a hollow coil, which adopts a resonant electromagnetic coupling method parallel to the central axis. The external energy transmitting coil emits electromagnetic energy, and the electric energy obtained by the internal energy receiving coil is controlled by charging in the body. The circuit charges the internal rechargeable battery. Closed-loop control is carried out through pulse position modulation communication to ensure that the energy received by implanted medical instruments at different charging stages is within the normal range, effectively control heat generation, and improve safety. At the same time, the efficiency calculation is performed through internal feedback parameters to realize alignment prompts , improve charging efficiency. The percutaneous wireless charging method of the present invention can charge the implanted medical instrument through the titanium shell, the charging process is safe and reliable, and can be applied to various implanted medical instruments with the same power level as the deep brain stimulator.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to for implantation medical equipment through the skin closed-loop control charging device, belong to the implantation medical equipment technical field.
Background technology
The implantation medical equipment kind is a lot, and range of application is also very wide, such as heart pacemaker, brain pacemaker, muscle stimulator, artificial cochlea etc.All kinds of implantation medical equipment prevailing prices are high, but the life-span is mostly shorter.The principal element in restriction implantation medical equipment life-span is the capacity of battery, and existing implantation medical equipment product adopts the lithium primary cell of high-energy-density to power more.General implantation medical equipment only has the life-span about 3 to 5 years.In case the energy content of battery exhausts, the patient just has to again undergo surgery, and changes implantation medical equipment, and not only for the patient causes wound on the health, the price of costliness is also brought huge economic pressures for the patient.For implantation medical equipment, energy supply has become a bottleneck problem that limits its development.
For prolonging the useful life of implantation medical equipment, rechargeable lithium battary begins to be applied to the implantable medical field as the substitute of lithium primary cell.With respect to lithium primary cell, lithium rechargeable batteries provides the electric energy support of longer time take less volume, lighter weight as implantation medical equipment.In the implantation medical equipment patients with implantation body, and the isolation of the tissue such as skin is arranged between external charging device, need to through skin wireless charging mode, generally based on the electromagnetic coupled principle, utilize the penetration by electromagnetic fields human body skin to transmit electric energy to implantation medical equipment.
The sealing of the Titanium of implantation medical equipment normal operation biocompatibility has formed stronger electromagnetic shielding on the one hand, on the other hand so that external being difficult to coil and the circuit of the titanium enclosure that implants are accurately located.The wireless charging scheme that Chinese invention patent " chargeable brain depth stimulator " (application number 200410019937.X) provides is based on traditional transformer mode, transmitting coil and receiving coil are wound in respectively on same size " U " the type magnetic core, requirement realizes electromagnetic coupled with the magnetic core aligned position of two coils, but, receiving coil is encapsulated in implantation medical equipment inside, accurately the location is very difficult for it, the magnetic core of transmitting coil and receiving coil is easy to produce deviation, thereby cause the greatly reduction of energy transmission efficiency, the stability of charging can't be guaranteed; In addition, U-shaped structured core requires magnetic core to have larger height, is difficult to be applied to pursue implantation medical equipment frivolous, miniaturization.U.S.'s application for a patent for invention " implantation medical equipment Energy Transfer and remote measurement drive circuit switched design " (publication number US20050075693A1) provides a kind of design of implantation medical equipment energy transmission system, but and the closely-related heating problem of fail safe does not solve from the angle of design at all, but by reducing heating with special material, increased complexity and the cost of corresponding Machine Design.PCT application for a patent for invention " the long distance charging of closed loop " (publication number WO2009/055579A1) has provided a kind of closed loop design method; be intended to solve charging to the interruption of patient's daily routines; but to achieve these goals; this patent has been used a plurality of external energy transmitting coils, carries out the energy transmission by in closed-loop control selection and the immediate external coil groups of energy i (in vivo) receiving coil (can for a plurality of) and the body.The method has the problem of two maximums: the one, and heating problem can guarantee that heating is in prescribed limit by fan etc. or the inner special material that adopts.The secondth, the governing response speed issue, select suitable external energy transmitting coil because need to not stop to carry out closed-loop control, the meeting consuming time of this process is long, may bring the problem of body internal heat generation, and along with patient's action, this process also needs to repeat.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly can satisfy the safe and reliable through skin wireless closed-loop control charging device of implantation medical equipment such as brain depth stimulator requirement, external employing flat magnetic core coil, adopt air core coil in the body, realization is charged to the Medical Instruments that implants from external, by the effective size of received energy in the control volume of closed-loop control, prevent that the Medical Instruments excess Temperature is on the impact of human body in the body, external charger can guarantee not exist heating to surpass the problem of body temperature by circuit design simultaneously.In addition, can calculate to realize inside and outside coil contraposition prompting by charge efficiency, improve charge efficiency, improve reliability and fail safe.Closed-loop control realize the different charging stages external in the body initial transmissions energy different, further by closed loop feedback emitted energy is finely tuned on this basis, realize quick adjustment, avoid the body internal heat generation to surpass prescribed limit.In the charge initiation incipient stage, namely during the initial contraposition, above-mentioned charging with body in the frequency of communicating by letter can increase.The application can be fixed on charger energy transmitting coil body and be implanted near the Medical Instruments, and patient can be movable.In addition, the present invention can be in the charging incipient stage, the signal that external communication coil is coupled to is sampled (this moment telecommunication circuit it goes without doing communication function), charged state in the quick antimer, improve initial charge to bit rate, avoid the initial body internal heat generation problem that bit rate is brought slowly, improve reliability and fail safe.
In order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: be used for the charging device through the skin closed-loop control of implantation medical equipment, it is characterized in that, comprise external charger and vivo implantation type Medical Instruments, wherein:
External charger comprises live part and antenna part, wherein
Antenna part has a shell, is built-in with at this shell: energy transmitting coil temperature sensor outside external communication coil, external energy transmitting coil and the individuality, wherein
External energy transmitting coil is a kind of flat magnetic core coil, formed by the magnetic core of a transmitting coil and coaxial arrangement,
External energy transmitting coil temperature sensor is measured the temperature of this external energy transmitting coil;
External communication coil is a kind of flat magnetic core coil, is comprised of the magnetic core of a communication coil and coaxial arrangement, and this magnetic core and the used magnetic core of external energy transmitting coil are the magnetic core of same type;
Live part; comprise: power supply circuits, drive amplification circuit, power amplification/receiving circuit, the current sampling circuit, power converting circuit, communication/charging diverter switch, voltage sampling circuit, the charge protection switch that consist of with resistance; and first microprocessor, wherein:
Power supply circuits; be provided with: the fuse and the diode that are connected in series successively; also has an individual outer battery charging device; external rechargeable battery is successively through described fuse; diode and described voltage sampling circuit are powered to described first microprocessor; the voltage detecting end of described voltage sampling circuit the first output and charge protection switch links to each other simultaneously; the second output of described voltage sampling circuit and the voltage sample input of described first microprocessor link to each other; outside AC power is received described voltage sampling circuit input by described external battery charging device; simultaneously; described external battery charging device is through the rechargeable battery charging of described fuse to described outside
The drive amplification circuit drives chip by one and forms, and this drive control signal input that drives chip links to each other with the drive control signal output of described first microprocessor,
Power amplification/receiving circuit is connected in series mutually in the full-bridge topology mode by four power field effect pipes and forms, and the input that transmits of this power amplification/receiving circuit links to each other with the output of drive amplification circuit,
Power converting circuit, adopt any in Buck or Boost or the Sepic circuit, the input of this power converting circuit links to each other with the output of described current sampling circuit, respectively to described first microprocessor output voltage signal, to driving chip and power amplification/receiving circuit power supply
The charge protection switch; be a CMOS electronic switch, this charge protection switch control end links to each other with described first microprocessor input, and the charge protection switch input terminal links to each other with the voltage sampling circuit output; the charge protection output switching terminal links to each other with the current sampling circuit input
Diverter switch is switched in communication/charging, has two, wherein
The first communication/charging diverter switch, it is a CMOS electronic switch, input links to each other with the output of described power amplification/receiving circuit, the output of this first communication/charging diverter switch then links to each other with the communicate by letter input of decoding unit of the PPM of first microprocessor, the control end of described the first communication/charging diverter switch then links to each other with the communication of described first microprocessor/charging switch-over control signal output
Second communication/charging diverter switch, it is a MUX, be provided with: the communications reception signal input part, link to each other with the output of described external communication coil, a power amplification/receiving circuit energy output that transmits is arranged, be connected to the input of described external energy transmitting coil, a power amplification/receiving circuit energy output that transmits is arranged in addition, be connected to the input of described external communication coil, controlled by described second communication/charging diverter switch, the output of the described communication of the control end of described second communication/charging diverter switch and described first microprocessor/charging switch-over control signal links to each other, the switching of described these two communications/charging diverter switch between realizing external communication and charge under the described first microprocessor control;
The vivo implantation type Medical Instruments comprises: be placed in following each part in the titanium shell: the second microprocessor, communication coil, charging control section part, rechargeable battery, communication processing circuit and treatment module in energy receiving coil, titanium shell and two temperature sensors energy receiving coil, the body, wherein:
The energy receiving coil is flat, and size and weight are all less than described external energy transmitting coil, but both are the central axes placement, are used for receiving the electromagnetic energy of described energy transmitting coil output,
The charging control section part is followed in series to form by current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, charging control circuit, rechargeable battery and the second microprocessor, wherein:
Current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, input links to each other with the output of described energy receiving coil, and electromagnetic energy is converted to direct current signal by AC signal,
Charging control circuit, adopt chip MCP73841, input links to each other with the output of described current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, and the charging voltage sampled signal is inputted/go out end, battery temperature sampled signal to input/go out end and the charging current output links to each other with the corresponding end of described rechargeable battery
Rechargeable battery, output links to each other with the voltage signal input of described the second microprocessor,
Telecommunication circuit, the input interconnection of the PPM codec unit of output and described the second microprocessor, communication coil interconnection in this telecommunication circuit and the described body receives the signal that described external communication coil is launched, and perhaps transmits to external communication coil;
The treatment module, input links to each other with the treatment signal output part of described the second microprocessor;
The second microprocessor, be provided with: titanium shell temperature signal input, energy receiving coil temperature input, and from the input of the temperature signal of the input of the charge capacity sampled signal of described charging control circuit output and rechargeable battery, in addition, also has the input from the output voltage signal of described current rectifying and wave filtering circuit
Described charging control circuit divides following three phases to the control of charging of described rechargeable battery: by charged battery voltage less than the precharge below the set point; constant current charge and reach desired charging voltage after charging; after being full of, stop charging; and the temperature of the charging voltage after being full of and described rechargeable battery by described the second microprocessor by the described telecommunication circuit in the body; mail to external in the body behind the communication coil; simultaneously also described titanium shell temperature; energy receiving coil temperature mails to external; described first microprocessor has been received through external communication coil in stage of communication; behind each signal that is sent by described implantation medical equipment that described power amplification/receiving circuit communicates by letter with PPM that decoding circuit sends; how to adjust position and the angle of described external energy transmitting coil with the display mode prompting user; to realize that better electromagnetic coupled state is to improve charge efficiency; in case it is full to charge; or the temperature of external energy transmitting coil; during the temperature overrun of energy receiving coil, then described first microprocessor cuts off power supply to stop the energy emission by the charge protection switch.
Further, described energy i (in vivo) receiving coil adopts air core coil, places the titanium shell inner.Described external energy transmitting coil adopts the flat magnetic core coil, and external energy transmitting coil and energy i (in vivo) receiving coil adopt the central axes mode to place, and by efficiency calculation prompting coil contraposition situation, has improved stability and the reliability of charging.Especially, in the charging starting stage, can realize fast the coil coupling contraposition by prompting, prevent that the energy i (in vivo) receiving coil temperature short time from sharply raising, effectively guarantee fail safe.In the different charging stages, do closed-loop control according to communications feedback information, automatically adjust the emissive porwer of external energy transmitting coil, effectively the received energy of control volume interior loop is installed heating in normal range (NR) thereby the assurance body is interior.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect: (1) wireless charging device through skin of the present invention can pass skin and the titanium shell charges to the Medical Instruments of implant into body, prolong the useful life of implantation medical equipment, alleviated misery and financial burden that the patient performs the operation again; (2) reduce size and the weight of implantation medical equipment, thereby reduced implantation medical equipment as the harmful effect of the foreign matter in the human body to patient body, improved Quality of Life; (3) can effectively control in the charging process size of received energy in the body by closed-loop control, prevent that the device excess Temperature improves fail safe to the impact of human body in the body; (4) can feed back by charge efficiency, realize body, inner-outer coil contraposition automatic-prompting, improve charge efficiency, improve reliability and fail safe; (5) can be in the initial contraposition process of charging, external telecommunication circuit it goes without doing communication function, but the signal that is coupled on it in the charging process is sampled, quick charged state in the antimer, improve initial charge to bit rate, avoid the initial body internal heat generation problem that bit rate is brought slowly, improve reliability and fail safe; (6) there are the up to ten million patients that use implantation medical equipment in the whole nation, and the present invention has high economic benefit and social benefit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is overall schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is receiving coil electromagnetic coupled schematic diagram in external transmitting coil of the present invention and the body.
Fig. 3 is charging master-plan principle schematic.
Fig. 4 is part theory diagram in the body of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the closed-loop control schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is each stage energy emission schematic diagram of charging.
Fig. 7 is charging and the sequential distribution diagram of communicating by letter in the charging process.
Embodiment
Make a detailed description below in conjunction with the execution mode of accompanying drawing to the wireless charging device through skin for implantation medical equipment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, of the present invention for implantation medical equipment through the skin closed-loop control charging device, formed by external charger and vivo implantation type Medical Instruments 14; Wherein external charger is comprised of live part 10 and antenna part 39.Antenna part 39 comprises that external communication coil 11, external energy transmitting coil 13 and external communication coil and external energy transmitting coil share magnetic core 12 etc.; Implantation medical equipment titanium shell 14 inside comprise communication coil 15, energy receiving coil 16, charging control circuit 17, rechargeable battery 18 etc. in the body.
The external energy transmitting coil 13 of internal magnetic core 12 and energy i (in vivo) receiving coil 16 are by the electromagnetic energy transfer of electromagnetic coupled realization through skin and titanium shell 14.The energy receiving coil 16 that implants takes up space less, to alleviate the volume and weight of implantation medical equipment.Less-restrictive for external energy transmitting coil 13 and magnetic core 12, can be by changing coil turn and core shapes, size, adjust the driving voltage of external energy transmitting coil and frequency etc., improve the coupling efficiency between transmitting power and energy transmitting coil and the energy receiving coil, thereby improve the obtainable energy of energy i (in vivo) receiving coil.Communication coil 15 carries out inside and outside signal transmission by coupled modes in external communication coil 11 and the body, is used for body, inside and outside information bidirectional transmission.
As shown in Figure 2, the external energy transmitting coil 13 through the skin closed-loop control charging device that is used for implantation medical equipment is magnetic core coil, 12 is described magnetic core, and the use of magnetic core can adjusting inductance, the number of turn etc. and the closely-related parameter of energy transmission efficiency, to improve coupling efficiency.The magnetic core 12 of the described device of the application and external energy transmitting coil 13 do not exist heating to exceed the problem of the normal range (NR) that people's physical efficiency bears, and need not to adopt the special material heat radiation, and be safe and simple.Energy i (in vivo) receiving coil 16 is air core coil, and receiving coil and transmitting coil adopt the central axes mode to place.The energy transmitting coil 13 that the described energy receiving coil that implants 16 requires to put into the titanium shell and take up room less, external is flat, and its area is slightly larger than energy i (in vivo) receiving coil 16, and its inside is the cylinder magnetic core 12 of 1 flat.Described external energy transmitting coil and core shapes are designed to flat and weight is mainly located for convenience in the charging process.When external energy transmitting coil 13 with respect to the 16 generative center axle offset of energy i (in vivo) receiving coil the time, this device can guarantee that all coupling effect is better in PT positional tolerance is the scope of 1cm, body is implanted into the heating of Medical Instruments in normal range (NR), simultaneously, external energy transmitting coil 13, magnetic core 12 and energy i (in vivo) receiving coil 16 temperature are in normal range (NR).The tolerance of coil coupling and the stability of charging are guaranteed.When the position of coil changed, charging system showed that by efficient providing contraposition points out, and guarantees high charge efficiency in the charging process.Compare prior art, in the different charging stages, adjust the transmitting power of external energy transmitting coil by closed-loop control, guarantee the heating of vivo implantation type Medical Instruments in normal range (NR), charging operations is more simple, and charging process is more stable, safety.
As shown in Figure 3, the external charger through the skin closed-loop control charging device for implantation medical equipment partly comprises live part 10 and antenna part 39.
Wherein, energy transmitting coil 13 places in the antenna casing 39, also comprises external communication coil 11 in the antenna casing, magnetic core 12, external energy transmitting coil temperature sensor 31.The implantation medical equipment that antenna casing 39 is pressed close to implant in the charging process charges, about charging distance 1.5cm.External communication coil 11 is used for the inside and outside two-way communication of body, and communication distance is greater than charging distance.The temperature sampling signal of energy transmitting coil temperature sensor 31 is sent into first microprocessor 32 and is done overheat protector and judge, when temperature exceeds normal range (NR), microprocessor can cut off charging processes by charge protection switch 38.
Power amplification receiving circuit 33 mainly is comprised of four power field effect pipes that consist of full-bridge topology, the different drive pulse signal that first microprocessor 32 sends, after drive amplification circuit 37 (the driving chip is TC4424), realize power amplification circuit or communications reception circuit.
PPM communication decoding circuit 35 is expanded the electric circuit constitute by filter circuit, shaping circuit and pulsewidth.
As shown in Figure 4, the body through the skin closed-loop control charging device that is used for implantation medical equipment comprised the second microprocessor 41 in inner minute, communication coil 15, charging control section part (comprising current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 40, charging control circuit 17, rechargeable battery 18 and the second microprocessor 41), rechargeable battery, communication processing circuit and treatment module in energy i (in vivo) receiving coil 16, titanium shell and energy receiving coil temperature sensor 44, the body.
Figure 5 shows that the closed-loop control schematic diagram.Whole charging device is by power section 50, and control section 51 forms.Charger circuit 10 is by external energy transmitting coil 13 emitted energies, energy i (in vivo) receiving coil 16 received energies.Energy i (in vivo) receiving coil 16 receives signal through rectification, filter circuit obtains d. c. voltage signal, this direct current signal, cell voltage, electric current and temperature etc. are in body after microprocessor 41 sampling, at the charging stopping period, communication coil 15 is transmitted into external in body, external microprocessor 32 is done the closed loop computing, be used for doing the control of closed loop energy, adjust in real time the emissive porwer of external energy transmitting coil 13, to guarantee that received energy is in normal range (NR) in the body, guarantee the fail safe of charging, simultaneously the efficient situation is calculated, to body, the alignment situation of inner-outer coil is pointed out, to guarantee charging process high efficiency and stability.
Fig. 6 is the outer energy emission of each stage body of charging schematic diagram.External microprocessor 32 is judged the residing different phase of charging according to charged state feedback information in the body, difference according to the charging stage, the emissive porwer of the outer energy transmitting coil 13 of external microprocessor 32 control volumes, and then adjusted received energy on the energy i (in vivo) receiving coil 16, thereby guarantee that received energy is in normal range (NR) in the body.In preliminary filling, constant current and constant-voltage phase, external emissive porwer is shown in 61,62 and 63, and closed-loop control system can according to actual charged state feedback information in stages fine-tuned emission intensity, guarantee that body is implanted into the Medical Instruments temperature in the reasonable scope.
Fig. 7 is charging in the charging process, communication sequential distribution diagram.High amplitude, low frequency are adopted in charging, and low amplitude value, high-frequency are adopted in communication.Inside and outside communication exchange message can be carried out in the charging process interval.
In the charge initiation incipient stage, namely during the initial contraposition, above-mentioned charging with body in the frequency of communicating by letter can increase.Simultaneously, external communication coil it goes without doing 11 this moments communication function in the charging process, the voltage signal that is coupled on it is sampled by microprocessor 32 in charging process, comes charge condition in the antimer according to the voltage magnitude size that is coupled to.Utilize fast charged state in the antimer of the voltage signal that is coupled in the charging process on the communication coil, improve initial charge to bit rate, avoid the body internal heat generation problem initially bit rate brought slowly, improve reliability and fail safe.
Aforesaid way is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, basis at the wireless charging device through skin for implantation medical equipment disclosed by the invention, be easy to expect being applied to various instrument systems, and be not limited only to the described system configuration of the specific embodiment of the invention, therefore previously described mode is just preferred, and does not have restrictive meaning.
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| CN2010102938668A CN101980412B (en) | 2010-09-27 | 2010-09-27 | A Percutaneous Closed-Loop Controlled Charging Device for Implantable Medical Instruments |
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