CN101169785A - A Dynamic Load Balancing Method for Cluster Database System - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种集群数据库系统的动态负载均衡方法，该方法是通过数据库网关系统，根据动态负载均衡算法判断数据库服务器的负载状况，发送数据库语句给负载最低的数据库服务器，并负责把结果返回给客户端。并针对数据库语句的不同执行不同的数据同步机制。对于数据库查询语句，数据库网关直接把相应结果返回给客户端；对于数据库更新语句，数据库网关把相应结果返回给客户端后，记录所更改表的状态，然后把更新语句发送给其他数据库服务器，以保持各数据库的数据一致性。本发明的有益效果是在保持基于数据库网关(中间件)的集群的性能和可用性等优势的基础上，有效的通过动态负载均衡机制，提高了数据库集群的整体资源利用率，进一步提升了数据库的整体执行性能。
The invention provides a dynamic load balancing method of a cluster database system. The method judges the load status of the database server according to the dynamic load balancing algorithm through the database gateway system, sends the database statement to the database server with the lowest load, and is responsible for returning the result to the client. And implement different data synchronization mechanisms for different database statements. For database query statements, the database gateway directly returns the corresponding results to the client; for database update statements, after the database gateway returns the corresponding results to the client, it records the state of the changed table, and then sends the update statement to other database servers to Maintain data consistency across databases. The beneficial effect of the present invention is that on the basis of maintaining the performance and availability of the cluster based on the database gateway (middleware), the overall resource utilization rate of the database cluster is effectively improved through the dynamic load balancing mechanism, and the utilization rate of the database is further improved. overall execution performance.
Description
1、技术领域1. Technical field
本发明涉及计算机通信技术领域，具体地说一种集群数据库系统的动态负载均衡方法。The invention relates to the technical field of computer communication, in particular to a dynamic load balancing method of a cluster database system.
2、技术背景2. Technical background
对于所有的数据库而言，除了记录正确的处理结果之外，它们都面临着四方面的挑战：如何提高处理速度，数据可用性、数据安全性和数据集可扩性。随着IT应用的深入和有线，无线网络的快速增长，电子事务处理业务对以上四方面提出了更高的要求。For all databases, in addition to recording correct processing results, they all face four challenges: how to improve processing speed, data availability, data security, and data set scalability. With the deepening of IT applications and the rapid growth of wired and wireless networks, the electronic transaction processing business has put forward higher requirements for the above four aspects.
将多个数据库联在一起组成数据库集群来达到上述目标应该说是一个很自然的想法。通常数据库集群技术分属两类体系结构：基于数据库引擎的集群和基于数据库网关(中间件)的集群。It should be said that it is a very natural idea to connect multiple databases together to form a database cluster to achieve the above goals. Generally, the database cluster technology belongs to two types of architectures: the database engine-based cluster and the database gateway (middleware)-based cluster.
基于数据库引擎的集群较多，大型数据库厂商的数据库集群系统多是这种结构，如OracleRAC，DB2 UDB，SQL Server Cluster等等。这种类型的集群主要是依靠数据库自身的引擎机制来执行对数据语句的并行执行，这种集群的优点就是数据完整性、可管理性较好，但如果节点服务器通信频繁，会严重影响整个数据库的性能。There are many clusters based on database engines, and most of the database cluster systems of large database manufacturers have this structure, such as Oracle RAC, DB2 UDB, SQL Server Cluster and so on. This type of cluster mainly relies on the engine mechanism of the database itself to execute parallel execution of data statements. The advantages of this type of cluster are data integrity and better manageability. However, if the node server communicates frequently, it will seriously affect the entire database. performance.
Parallel Computers公司的ICX-UDS是一种基于数据库网关(中间件)的集群，ICX独立于数据库引擎，可以支持任何类型的关系型数据库产品。其主要特征是对于数据库查询语句，数据库网关会依次把语句发送给后台数据库服务器，起到负载均衡的效果；对于数据库更新语句，数据库网关会把更新语句发送给所有的后台数据库服务器，以保持数据库的数据一致性。Parallel Computers' ICX-UDS is a database gateway (middleware)-based cluster. ICX is independent of the database engine and can support any type of relational database product. Its main feature is that for database query statements, the database gateway will send the statements to the background database server in turn to achieve the effect of load balancing; for database update statements, the database gateway will send the update statements to all the background database servers to keep the database data consistency.
ICX数据库网关在提高数据库整体执行性能和可用性方面起到了很大的作用，但是在资源的利用率上仍有所欠缺。比如采用简单轮巡方式发送数据库查询语句，可能会产生有的数据库服务器负载很高，而有的数据库服务器还很空闲的情况。而且对于更新语句的处理也过于简单，在某种程度上浪费了数据库服务器的资源使用率。ICX database gateway has played a great role in improving the overall execution performance and availability of the database, but it is still lacking in resource utilization. For example, if a simple polling method is used to send database query statements, some database servers may have a high load while some database servers are still idle. Moreover, the processing of the update statement is too simple, which wastes the resource utilization rate of the database server to some extent.
3、发明内容3. Contents of the invention
本发明的用于集群数据库系统的动态负载均衡方法，就是在上述技术基础上，研究如何通过动态负载均衡机制，来提高基于数据库网关(中间件)的集群的资源利用率。The dynamic load balancing method for the cluster database system of the present invention is based on the above-mentioned technology, and studies how to improve the resource utilization rate of the cluster based on the database gateway (middleware) through the dynamic load balancing mechanism.
本发明的一种用于集群数据库系统的动态负载均衡方法，是通过数据库网关系统，采用动态负载均衡算法判断数据库服务器的负载状况，然后发送数据库语句给负载最低的数据库服务器，针对数据库语句的不同执行不同的数据同步机制，把结果返回给客户端。A dynamic load balancing method for a cluster database system of the present invention is to use a dynamic load balancing algorithm to judge the load status of a database server through a database gateway system, and then send database statements to the database server with the lowest load, aiming at different database statements Execute different data synchronization mechanisms and return the results to the client.
数据库网关系统是只与关系型数据库语句有关的独立于数据库内部特征的执行系统，负责链接动态负载均衡机制以及保持多个数据库服务器的数据一致性。The database gateway system is an execution system that is only related to relational database statements and is independent of the internal characteristics of the database. It is responsible for linking the dynamic load balancing mechanism and maintaining the data consistency of multiple database servers.
动态负载均衡算法，是指根据数据库服务器的处理器、内存、IO的负载情况，动态计算数据库服务器的负载能力，判断负载最低的数据库服务器。The dynamic load balancing algorithm refers to dynamically calculating the load capacity of the database server according to the load conditions of the processor, memory, and IO of the database server, and judging the database server with the lowest load.
针对数据库语句的不同执行不同的数据同步机制，是指对于数据库查询语句，数据库网关直接把相应结果返回给客户端；对于数据库更新语句，数据库网关把相应结果返回给客户端后，记录所更改表的状态，然后把更新语句发送给其他数据库服务器，以保持各数据库的数据一致性。Implementing different data synchronization mechanisms for different database statements means that for database query statements, the database gateway directly returns the corresponding results to the client; for database update statements, after the database gateway returns the corresponding results to the client, it records the changed table state, and then send update statements to other database servers to maintain data consistency in each database.
本发明的有益效果是在保持基于数据库网关(中间件)的集群的性能和可用性等优势的基础上，有效的通过动态负载均衡机制，提高了数据库集群的整体资源利用率，进一步提升了数据库的整体执行性能。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that on the basis of maintaining the performance and availability of the cluster based on the database gateway (middleware), the overall resource utilization rate of the database cluster is effectively improved through the dynamic load balancing mechanism, and the utilization rate of the database is further improved. overall execution performance.
4、附图说明4. Description of drawings
附图1为动态负载均衡机制的数据库操作执行过程示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the database operation execution process of the dynamic load balancing mechanism.
5、具体实施方式5. Specific implementation
本发明的一种用于集群数据库系统的动态负载均衡方法，是通过数据库网关系统，根据动态负载均衡算法判断数据库服务器的负载状况，发送数据库语句给负载最低的数据库服务器，并负责把结果返回给客户端，并针对数据库语句的不同执行不同的数据同步机制。A kind of dynamic load balancing method for the cluster database system of the present invention is to judge the load status of the database server according to the dynamic load balancing algorithm through the database gateway system, send the database statement to the database server with the lowest load, and be responsible for returning the result to the Client, and implement different data synchronization mechanisms for different database statements.
这里所说的数据库网关，就是上面提到的基于数据库网关(中间件)的集群的数据库网关，它是一种独立于数据库内部特征的执行系统，只与关系型数据库语句有关，负责接动态负载均衡机制以及保持多个数据库服务器的数据一致性。The database gateway mentioned here is the database gateway based on the database gateway (middleware) cluster mentioned above. It is an execution system independent of the internal characteristics of the database. It is only related to relational database statements and is responsible for receiving dynamic loads. Balance mechanism and maintain data consistency of multiple database servers.
当数据库网关接收到客户端发来的数据库语句时，会根据动态负载均衡算法来判断后台的哪个数据库服务器负载最低。这种动态负载均衡算法与数据库服务器的处理器、内存、IO等负载情况相关，通过一定的运算机制得出。而处理器、内存、IO等负载的获得是通过安装在数据库服务器上的代理软件收集并周期性发送给数据库网关的。When the database gateway receives the database statement from the client, it will judge which database server in the background has the lowest load according to the dynamic load balancing algorithm. This dynamic load balancing algorithm is related to the load conditions of the processor, memory, and IO of the database server, and is obtained through a certain operation mechanism. The processor, memory, IO and other loads are collected by the agent software installed on the database server and sent to the database gateway periodically.
同时，数据库网关会针对数据库语句的不同而执行不同的数据同步机制。对于数据库查询语句，数据库网关直接把相应结果返回给客户端，因为查询语句并不会破坏数据库系统中的数据，因而不需要数据同步。At the same time, the database gateway will implement different data synchronization mechanisms for different database statements. For the database query statement, the database gateway directly returns the corresponding result to the client, because the query statement will not destroy the data in the database system, so data synchronization is not required.
而对于数据库更新语句，数据库网关在把数据库服务器生成结果返回给客户端后，会记录所更改表的状态(正在同步)，然后把更新语句发送给其他数据库服务器，在所有数据库服务器数据保持一致后，再把更改表的同步状态去掉。For the database update statement, after the database gateway returns the result generated by the database server to the client, it will record the state of the changed table (synchronizing), and then send the update statement to other database servers. After all database server data is consistent , and then remove the synchronization state of the change table.
实施例Example
附图1描述了动态负载均衡机制的具体工作过程。在这个例子中，后台采用3台真实的数据库服务器，安装同一类型、同一版本的数据库软件。1个数据库客户端通过数据库网关来访问后台的数据库服务器。Figure 1 describes the specific working process of the dynamic load balancing mechanism. In this example, three real database servers are used in the background, and the database software of the same type and version is installed. A database client accesses the background database server through the database gateway.
运行在各数据库服务器上的代理程序会动态收集服务器的处理器、内存、IO等负载情况，并周期性的发送给数据库网关(比如每10秒发送一次)。数据库网关会实时根据负载均衡算法计算各数据库服务器的负载情况，并采用权值方式来表示。权值越低，表示服务器负载越低。比如在某一时刻，数据库1的权值为10，数据库2的权值为20，数据库3的权值为30。The agent program running on each database server will dynamically collect the server's processor, memory, IO and other load conditions, and periodically send it to the database gateway (for example, once every 10 seconds). The database gateway will calculate the load status of each database server in real time according to the load balancing algorithm, and express it in the form of weight. The lower the weight, the lower the server load. For example, at a certain moment, the weight of database 1 is 10, the weight of database 2 is 20, and the weight of database 3 is 30.
当数据库网关接收到来自客户端的数据库语句后(步骤1)，首先会判断数据库语句的种类，是单纯的数据库查询语句，还是包含有删除、插入等操作的更新语句。如果为查询语句，会把此查询语句发送给负载最低的数据库1服务器(步骤2)，当查询结束后(步骤3)，会把相应结果直接发送给客户端(步骤4)。When the database gateway receives the database statement from the client (step 1), it first judges the type of the database statement, whether it is a simple database query statement or an update statement including operations such as deletion and insertion. If it is a query statement, the query statement will be sent to the database 1 server with the lowest load (step 2), and when the query is completed (step 3), the corresponding result will be directly sent to the client (step 4).
如果接收到的是数据库更新语句，首先数据库网关会把此语句发送给负载最低的数据库1服务器(步骤2)，当更新结束后(步骤3)，会把相应结果直接发送给客户端(步骤4)。同时，记录此语句对哪个表作了更新，并标注所更新的表同步状态(此时如有语句对此表进一步操作，将延后执行或发送给数据库1)。之后，把已经执行过的更新语句同时发送给数据库2和数据库3(步骤5)，待数据同步结束后，会把更新结果发送给数据库网关(步骤6)。此时，数据同步完成，把具有同步状态的表的标注去掉。If a database update statement is received, the database gateway will first send the statement to the database 1 server with the lowest load (step 2), and when the update is completed (step 3), it will directly send the corresponding result to the client (step 4 ). At the same time, record which table is updated by this statement, and mark the synchronization status of the updated table (at this time, if there is a statement to further operate on this table, it will be postponed or sent to the database 1). After that, send the executed update statement to database 2 and database 3 at the same time (step 5), and after the data synchronization is completed, the update result will be sent to the database gateway (step 6). At this point, the data synchronization is complete, and the mark of the table with the synchronization state is removed.
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