CN108635058B - Shin bone rear side blood vessel nerve protector - Google Patents

Abstract

A tibial posterior vascular nerve protector belongs to the technical field of orthopedic medical devices and is used for protecting the tibial posterior vascular nerves for tibial plateau fractures. The technical scheme is as follows: the protection plate is a rectangular plate, the rear end of the protection plate is connected with the lower end of the sleeve through the rotating shaft, the inner hole of the sleeve has threads, the threads on the screw rods match the threads of the inner holes of the sleeve, and the screw rods have threads. The lower part of the protective plate is screwed into the sleeve, the rear of the protection plate has a connecting plate shaft connected with the lower end of the connecting plate, the connecting plate is parallel to the sleeve, the upper end of the connecting plate is vertically connected with the front end of the handle, the handle is placed horizontally, the front of the handle There is a round hole at the top, and the screw rod vertically passes through the round hole of the handle and is connected with the handle. The invention solves the problem of how to prevent the injury of blood vessels and nerves on the posterior side of the tibia during the tibial plateau repositioning operation, can effectively protect the popliteal artery and the tibial nerve on the posterior side of the tibia, provides effective technical support for the smooth implementation of the tibial plateau repositioning operation, and has the advantages of very practical clinical significance.

Description

A kind of posterior tibial vascular nerve protector

technical field

The invention relates to a surgical instrument used for protecting tibial plateau fractures and vascular nerves on the posterior side of the tibia during operation, belonging to the technical field of orthopedic medical instruments.

Background technique

Tibial plateau fractures are common intra-articular fractures in clinical practice, and are more common in young and middle-aged people who have suffered high-energy injuries. Due to the complex and changeable fracture morphology, clinical treatment is more difficult. The purpose of the treatment of tibial plateau fractures is to restore the smoothness of the articular surface and the alignment of the lower limbs, firmly fix the fracture fragments, and avoid long-term complications such as postoperative traumatic arthritis and joint stiffness. The key step in the surgical treatment of tibial plateau fractures is to reduce the displaced fracture fragments. In order to obtain a good operative field of view during the reduction process, it is often necessary to expose the soft tissue around the knee joint in a large area. For Schatzker type II and III lateral fractures, some scholars proposed to incise the anterior half of the lateral meniscus to fully expose the articular surface; for tibial plateau fractures with lateral and posterior displacement, Pires proposed to resection the proximal fibula for lateral reduction and posterolateral Fracture fragments. Although these operations can bring convenience to the reduction, the posterior tibial nerve and blood vessels may be injured during the operation, and the risk of popliteal artery and tibial nerve injury is greatly increased. Due to the hidden position of the posterior tibial nerve and blood vessels, how to prevent the injury during the operation has become a difficult problem for the surgeon. So far, there is no good solution, which needs to be solved urgently.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a vascular nerve protector on the posterior side of the tibia, which can effectively protect the popliteal artery and tibial nerve on the posterior side of the tibia, thereby preventing the nerve blood vessels from being injured during the operation.

The technical solutions to solve the above technical problems are:

A tibia posterior vascular nerve protector, comprising a protective plate, a sleeve, a screw rod, a connecting plate and a handle, the protective plate is a rectangular plate, the rear end of the protective plate is connected with the lower end of the sleeve through a rotating shaft, and the upper end of the sleeve There is a thread in the inner hole of the sleeve, the thread on the screw matches the thread of the inner hole of the sleeve, the lower part of the screw is screwed in the sleeve, and the rear of the protection plate is close to the sleeve with a connecting plate shaft and a connecting plate The lower end of the handle is connected, the connecting plate is parallel to the sleeve, the upper end of the connecting plate is vertically connected to the front end of the handle, the handle is placed horizontally, the front of the handle has a round hole, the screw rod vertically passes through the round hole of the handle, and the upper part of the screw rod is in line with the handle. connect.

The above-mentioned tibia posterior vascular nerve protector, the plate surface of the protection plate has a curved arc, and the curved arc matches the circumference of the tibia, and the plate surface of the protection plate has a plurality of raised edges, and the length of the raised edges and the protection plate is The direction is vertical, and a plurality of raised ribs are arranged in parallel and in sequence along the length of the protective plate.

The above-mentioned tibia posterior vascular nerve protector, the diameter of the rod body of the screw matches the diameter of the handle circular hole, the rod body of the screw rod and the handle circular hole are sliding fit, the upper end of the screw rod is a round table, the diameter of the round table is larger than the diameter of the screw rod, and the handle is round. The hole is located below the round table, the screw rod under the handle circular hole is sleeved with a snap ring, the snap ring is stuck under the bottom surface of the handle, and the snap ring is fixed on the rod body of the screw rod by a pin.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The protection plate of the present invention can be inserted into the back of the tibia from the periosteum of the tibia, and the bottom of the sleeve can withstand the cortex of the back of the tibia after being inserted. Posterior vascular nerve moves away from the surgical field, thereby preventing neurovascular injury during surgery.

The invention is the first creation of the tibial plateau repositioning operation, solves the problem of how to prevent the injury of the blood vessels and nerves on the posterior side of the tibia during the repositioning operation of the tibial plateau, can effectively protect the popliteal artery and the tibial nerve on the posterior side of the tibia, and can effectively implement the tibial plateau repositioning operation. Provides effective technical support, has very practical clinical significance, and is worthy of popularization and use in surgery.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the front view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the left side view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the right side view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is the top view of Fig. 1;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the use state of the present invention.

The marks in the figure are as follows: protection plate 1, sleeve 2, screw 3, connecting plate 4, handle 5, rotating shaft 6, connecting plate shaft 7, raised edge 8, circular frustum 9, snap ring 10, tibial plateau 11, nerves and blood vessels 12.

Detailed ways

The present invention consists of a protection plate 1 , a sleeve 2 , a screw rod 3 , a connecting plate 4 and a handle 5 .

As shown in the figure, the protective plate 1 is a rectangular plate, the plate surface of the protective plate 1 has a curved arc, and the curved arc matches the circumference of the tibia. There are a plurality of raised ribs 8 on the surface of the protection board 1 , the raised edges 8 are perpendicular to the length direction of the protection board 1 , and the plurality of raised edges 8 are arranged in parallel and in sequence along the length direction of the protection board 1 . The function of the protective plate 1 is to hold up the nerves and the blood vessels 12 , and the raised ribs 8 can prevent the nerves and the blood vessels 12 from sliding.

The figure shows that the upper end of the sleeve 2 is open, the inner hole of the sleeve 2 has threads, the threads on the screw 3 match the threads of the inner hole of the sleeve 2, the lower part of the screw 3 is screwed into the sleeve 2, and the protective plate The rear end of 1 is connected with the lower end of the sleeve 2 through the rotating shaft 6 . The screw 3 can move up and down through the thread in the sleeve 2, and the protection plate 1 swings up and down with the rotating shaft 6 as a fulcrum.

As shown in the figure, the connecting plate 4 is parallel to the sleeve 2, and the lower end of the connecting plate 4 is connected with the rear of the protection plate 1 near the sleeve 2 through the connecting plate shaft 7. When the connecting plate 4 moves vertically up and down, it can drive the protection plate 1. Swing up and down with the shaft 6 as the fulcrum.

The figure shows that the upper end of the connecting plate 4 is vertically connected to the front end of the handle 5, the handle 5 is placed horizontally, and the handle 5 moves up and down to drive the connecting plate 4 to move up and down.

The figure shows that the handle 5 is moved up and down by the screw 3, and its structure is: the front part of the handle 5 has a circular hole, the screw 3 vertically passes through the circular hole of the handle 5, and the diameter of the rod body of the screw 3 is the same as the diameter of the circular hole of the handle 5. The diameters match, the rod body of the screw 3 and the round hole of the handle 5 are in sliding fit, the upper end of the screw 3 is a round table 9, the diameter of the round table 9 is larger than the diameter of the screw 3, the round hole of the handle 5 is located below the round table 9, and the hole below the round hole of the handle 5 is in a sliding fit. A snap ring 10 is sleeved on the screw rod 3 , the snap ring 10 is clipped under the bottom surface of the handle 5 , and the snap ring 10 is fixed on the rod body of the screw rod 3 by a pin. The handle 5 is sleeved on the rod body of the screw 3 through the round hole, the round table 9 and the snap ring 10 are located on the upper and lower sides of the handle 5, and the handle 5 is positioned and connected with the screw 3. When the screw 3 moves up and down, it will drive the handle 5 to move up and down, thereby The handle 5 drives the connecting plate 4 to move up and down.

The using method of the present invention is as follows:

During the operation, the fracture end of the posterior tibia was exposed, and the protective plate 1 was inserted into the posterior tibia from the subperiostium of the tibia, and the bottom of the sleeve was pressed against the posterior cortex of the tibia. After inserting, turn the round table at the upper end of the screw 3, the screw 3 rotates in the sleeve 2, the screw 3 moves up along the sleeve 2, when the screw 3 moves upward, it will drive the handle 5 to move upward, and the handle 5 drives the connecting plate 4 to move upward. When the connecting plate 4 moves vertically upward, the protection plate 1 is driven to swing upward with the pivot shaft 6 at the bottom of the sleeve as a fulcrum. The connecting plate 4 drives the protective plate 1 to move the nerves and blood vessels 12 on the posterior side of the tibial plateau 11 backwards, so that the nerves and blood vessels 12 are kept away from the operation area, thereby preventing the nerves and blood vessels 12 from being injured during the operation.

Determine the position of the collapsed bone fragment of the tibial plateau under fluoroscopy, make a small incision of one centimeter in the joint capsule, put the reducer into the joint capsule, place it above the bone fragment, fix the fracture fragment in three directions with a drill, and pull it out by pulling it out. Reduction of fracture fragments.

Claims (3)

1. A tibia posterior vascular nerve protector, characterized in that: it comprises a protection plate (1), a sleeve (2), a screw (3), a connecting plate (4), a handle (5), a protection plate (1) ) is a rectangular plate, the rear end of the protection plate (1) is connected with the lower end of the sleeve (2) through the rotating shaft (6), the upper end of the sleeve (2) is open, and there is a thread in the inner hole of the sleeve (2), The thread on the screw (3) matches the thread of the inner hole of the sleeve (2), the lower part of the screw (3) is screwed in the sleeve (2), and the rear of the protection plate (1) is close to the sleeve (2). A connecting plate shaft (7) is connected with the lower end of the connecting plate (4), the connecting plate (4) is parallel to the sleeve (2), the upper end of the connecting plate (4) is vertically connected with the front end of the handle (5), and the handle ( 5) Placed horizontally, there is a round hole in the front of the handle (5), the screw rod (3) vertically passes through the round hole of the handle (5), and the upper part of the screw rod (3) is connected with the handle (5). 2. The tibial posterior vascular nerve protector according to claim 1, characterized in that: the plate surface of the protection plate (1) has a curved arc, and the curved arc matches the circumference of the tibia. There are a plurality of raised edges (8) on the board surface, the raised edges (8) are perpendicular to the length direction of the protection board (1), and the plurality of raised edges (8) are arranged in parallel and in sequence along the length direction of the protection board (1). . 3. The tibial posterior vascular nerve protector according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the rod body of the screw (3) matches the diameter of the circular hole of the handle (5), and the rod body of the screw rod (3) and the handle (5) The round hole is a sliding fit, the upper end of the screw (3) is a round table (9), the diameter of the round table (9) is larger than the diameter of the screw (3), the handle (5) round hole is located below the round table (9), and the handle ( 5) The screw (3) under the round hole is covered with a snap ring (10), the snap ring (10) is stuck under the bottom surface of the handle (5), and the snap ring (10) is fixed on the rod body of the screw (3) by a pin superior.

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