CN107768819B - An end-fire millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an end-fire millimeter wave antenna with controllable radiation direction, which is of an axisymmetric structure and comprises a T-shaped medium substrate, wherein a coupler, two excitation ports and two radiators are arranged on the T-shaped medium substrate; the coupler is arranged between the two excitation ports and the two radiators, the coupler is formed by adopting a substrate integrated waveguide, a coupling window is arranged between two rows of through holes of the substrate integrated waveguide, and a coupling phase control unit is respectively arranged between the coupling window and the two rows of through holes. The invention has controllable radiation direction, good directivity, high gain, high front-back ratio, simple structure, easy processing, small volume and low cost, and can be applied to millimeter wave short-distance wireless communication systems.

Description

An end-fire millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction

technical field

The invention relates to an end-fired millimeter-wave antenna, in particular to an end-fired millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction, which belongs to the technical field of wireless mobile communication.

Background technique

With the depletion of low-frequency electromagnetic spectrum resources, the utilization of spectrum resources in the millimeter wave band has attracted more and more attention from the academic community. Compared with side-fire antennas, end-fire antennas are more suitable for use in terminal equipment, because the radiation of end-fire antennas is not easily affected by hands, while the radiation of side-fire antennas may be blocked by hands, thereby affecting communication quality. An antenna with a high front-to-back ratio can effectively suppress back radiation and avoid receiving signals from the back end of the antenna. General beam steerable antennas are realized by using the unidirectional conductivity of diodes, but currently the highest operating frequency of diodes can only reach about 15GHz, so millimeter wave antennas cannot use the method of loading diodes to achieve beam steerability. At present, beam controllability of millimeter waves is generally achieved by using the Butler rectangle method, but the structure of the Butler matrix is too complicated and the volume is very large. Zero-refractive index metamaterials are widely used in various antenna designs because they can effectively improve the radiation gain of antennas and have the advantages of simple structure and easy integration with antennas. In order to improve the antenna coverage distance and reduce the size of the antenna while improving the communication quality of the terminal equipment, it is necessary to design an end-fired millimeter-wave antenna that can realize beam control.

According to investigation and understanding, the existing technologies that have been disclosed are as follows:

In 2016, Hao-Tao Hu, Fu-Chang Chen, et al. published an article titled "A Compact Directional Slot Antenna and Its Application in MIMO Array" in "IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNASAND PROPAGATION", and designed a high front-to-back ratio End-fired slot antenna, by using two slot antennas that already have a certain directionality to form a binary array with a distance of 1/4 waveguide wavelength and a feeding phase difference of 90 degrees, it achieves the characteristics of high front-to-back ratio, and the highest front-to-back ratio reaches up to 19.2dBi. However, the antenna can only achieve directional radiation in one direction, and the highest gain can only reach about 5.5dBi.

In 2016, Yujian Li, Kwai-Man Luk, et al. published an article entitled "A Multibeam End-Fire Magnetoelectric Dipole AntennaArray for Millimeter-Wave Applications" in "IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNASAND PROPAGATION", designing an eight-beam End-fire millimeter-wave antenna array, the beam control of the antenna is realized by using 8*8 Butler rectangle, and the antenna unit adopts a wide-band end-fire electromagnetic dipole antenna, so that the whole antenna array has a very wide working bandwidth . However, the structure of the Butler rectangle is very complicated, requiring components such as phase shifters, 3dB couplers, and cross junctions, resulting in a very complicated structure and a large volume of the entire antenna. The entire antenna needs to use three layers of dielectric boards, which is difficult to process.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art and provide an end-fired millimeter-wave antenna with a controllable radiation direction, which has a controllable radiation direction, good directivity, high gain, and high front-to-back ratio , simple in structure, easy to process, small in size and low in cost, and can be applied in millimeter wave short-distance wireless communication systems.

The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by taking the following technical solutions:

An end-fire millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction, the antenna is an axisymmetric structure, including a T-shaped dielectric substrate, and a coupler, two excitation ports and two radiators are arranged on the T-shaped dielectric substrate;

The coupler is arranged between the two excitation ports and the two radiators. The coupler is composed of a substrate-integrated waveguide. A coupling window is provided between the two rows of via holes of the substrate-integrated waveguide. The coupling window is connected to the two rows of via holes. A coupling phase control unit is respectively arranged between them.

Further, the two excitation ports are both composed of grounded coplanar waveguides, the front ends of the two excitation ports are connected to microwave connectors, and the ends expand in the shape of a horn.

Further, the two radiators are both electric dipoles, and the distance between the two electric dipoles is 1/4 waveguide wavelength.

Further, each electric dipole includes four metal arms, wherein two metal arms are located on the upper surface of the T-shaped dielectric substrate, and the other two metal arms are located on the lower surface of the T-shaped dielectric substrate, and the upper surface of the T-shaped dielectric substrate is The two metal arms are connected to the two metal arms on the lower surface of the T-shaped dielectric substrate in one-to-one correspondence through metal via holes.

Further, four isosceles trapezoidal metal strip lines with a wide bottom and a thin top are arranged on the T-shaped dielectric substrate;

Two of the isosceles trapezoidal metal strip lines are respectively located on the upper and lower surfaces of the T-shaped dielectric substrate to form a broadband stepped planar coupled double line, and the broadband stepped planar coupled double line is connected to one of the radiators.

The other two isosceles trapezoidal metal strip lines are also respectively located on the upper and lower surfaces of the T-shaped dielectric substrate, which also constitute a broadband stepped planar coupled double line, and the broadband stepped planar coupled double line is connected to another radiator.

Further, the lower base width of the isosceles trapezoidal metal strip line on the upper surface of the T-shaped dielectric substrate is greater than the lower base width of the isosceles trapezoidal metal strip line on the lower surface of the T-shaped dielectric substrate.

Further, two groups of ZIMs are arranged on the T-shaped dielectric substrate, each group of ZIMs includes a plurality of ZIM units, and the distance between every two adjacent ZIM units is the same.

Further, there are three ZIM units in each group of ZIMs.

Further, each ZIM unit includes two parallel and identical rectangular metal strip lines and two identical "several"-shaped metal bending lines, and the two "several"-shaped metal bending lines are respectively located on the left and right sides and connected Together, the two rectangular metal strip lines are connected to the two "several" shaped metal bending lines in one-to-one correspondence.

Further, the T-shaped dielectric substrate is also provided with three rectangular metal branches connected to the end of the coupler, one of which is located between the other two rectangular metal branches, and its length is greater than the length of the other two rectangular metal branches , and the other two rectangular metal branches have the same length.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The end-fired millimeter-wave antenna of the present invention is designed with a T-shaped dielectric substrate. A coupler, two excitation ports and two radiators are arranged on the T-shaped dielectric substrate. The coupler is composed of a substrate-integrated waveguide, and two rows of substrate-integrated waveguides A coupling window is provided between the via holes, and a coupling phase control unit is respectively provided between the coupling window and the two rows of via holes. The coupling phase can be controlled by the coupling phase control unit, and the equal output of power is realized with a phase difference of 90 degrees, so that The shape of the radiation pattern of the antenna formed by feeding the electromagnetic signal from the two excitation ports is roughly the same, but the direction is completely reversed, indicating that it has the characteristics of beam control; in addition, only one layer of dielectric board is needed, which greatly reduces the difficulty of antenna processing , instead of using a Butler rectangle, only one coupler is needed to control the phase, which greatly reduces the size and complexity of the antenna, and at the same time has low cost, high yield, and simple manufacturing process, which can meet the requirements of millimeter-wave antennas for low cost. .

2. The ends of the two excitation ports of the end-fired millimeter-wave antenna of the present invention are flared to achieve impedance matching between the grounded coplanar waveguide and the substrate-integrated waveguide, thereby achieving smoothness between the grounded coplanar waveguide and the substrate-integrated waveguide transition.

3. The two radiators of the end-fired millimeter-wave antenna of the present invention both use electric dipoles, the distance between the two electric dipoles is 1/4 waveguide wavelength, and the feed is fed by a coupler with a phase difference of 90 degrees. Finally, high front-to-back ratio characteristics of the radiation pattern can be achieved.

4. The T-shaped dielectric substrate of the end-fired millimeter-wave antenna of the present invention can also be provided with four isosceles trapezoidal metal strip lines with a wide bottom and a thin top bottom, wherein two isosceles trapezoidal metal strip lines constitute a broadband stepped planar coupling double line , the other two isosceles trapezoidal metal strip lines also constitute a broadband stepped planar coupled pair, and the impedance matching between the radiator and the substrate integrated waveguide is realized through the broadband stepped planar coupled pair.

5. Two groups of ZIMs can also be set on the T-shaped dielectric substrate of the end-fired millimeter-wave antenna of the present invention, each group of ZIMs includes a plurality of ZIM units, and the antenna gain is improved by loading the ZIM structure, so that the highest gain of the antenna reaches 7.5dBi and the gain in the frequency band is higher than 5dBi.

6. The T-shaped dielectric substrate of the end-fired millimeter-wave antenna of the present invention can also be provided with three rectangular metal branches, and the three rectangular metal branches are all connected to the end of the coupler, and the length of one of the rectangular metal branches is greater than that of the other two rectangular metal branches. The length of the other two rectangular metal branches is the same. By introducing these three rectangular metal branches, the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is greatly improved.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an end-fired millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of the upper surface of the end-fired millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a structure diagram of the bottom surface of the end-fired millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of a radiator of an end-fired millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of a ZIM unit of an end-fired millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an electromagnetic simulation curve of the ZIM unit of the end-fired millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a curve of gain versus frequency of the end-fired millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a return loss curve of the end-fired millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an H-plane pattern (46 GHz) of the end-fired millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an E-plane pattern (46 GHz) of the end-fired millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is an H-plane pattern (49 GHz) of the end-fired millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is an E-plane pattern (49 GHz) of the end-fired millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a three-dimensional radiation diagram of the end-fired millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention when the first excitation port is excited.

Fig. 14 is a three-dimensional radiation diagram of the end-fired millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention when the second excitation port is excited.

Among them, 1-T-shaped dielectric substrate, 2-coupler, 3-first excitation port, 4-second excitation port, 5-first electric dipole, 501-first metal arm, 502-second metal arm , 503-third metal arm, 504-fourth metal arm, 505-first metal via, 506-second metal via, 6-second electric dipole, 7-first rectangular metal microstrip line, 8-The second rectangular metal branch, 9-The third rectangular metal branch, 10-The first broadband stepped planar coupled double line, 11-The second broadband stepped planar coupled double line, 12-The first group of ZIMs, 1201-The first A rectangular metal strip line, 1202-the second rectangular metal strip line, 1203-the first "several"-shaped metal bending line, 1204-the second "several"-shaped metal bending line, 13-the second group of ZIMs.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

Example 1:

As shown in Figures 1 to 3, this embodiment provides an end-fired millimeter-wave antenna with a controllable radiation direction. The antenna is an axisymmetric structure, which includes a T-shaped dielectric substrate 1 on which Coupler 2, two excitation ports and two radiators.

The T-shaped dielectric substrate 1 is a T-shaped dielectric substrate cut from a PCB, and the central axis of the T-shaped dielectric substrate 1 is the symmetry axis of the antenna.

The coupler 2 is a 3dB directional coupler, which is composed of a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW for short). Since the antenna is an axisymmetric structure, the two rows of metal via holes of the substrate integrated waveguide are about the central axis of the T-shaped dielectric substrate 1. Symmetrical, two rows of metal vias are used as two substrate-integrated waveguide feeders, and both ends of the substrate-integrated waveguide feeder extend, and the front end extends to two excitation ports. There is a row of shared metal vias between the two substrate-integrated waveguide feeders, The shared metal via hole is located on the central axis of the T-shaped dielectric substrate 1, and a part of the shared metal via hole is removed to form a coupling window, and a coupling phase control unit is respectively provided between the coupling window and the two substrate integrated waveguide feeders, and the coupling The phase control unit is also a row of metal via structures, which can control the coupling phase, realize the equal output of power and have a phase difference of 90 degrees.

The two excitation ports are respectively the first excitation port 3 and the second excitation port 4. Since the antenna is an axisymmetric structure, the first excitation port 3 and the second excitation port 4 are symmetrical about the central axis of the T-shaped dielectric substrate 1, and both The grounded coplanar waveguide (grounded coplanar waveguide, GCPW) is used, the front end is connected to the microwave connector, and the end is expanded in the shape of a horn to achieve impedance matching between the grounded coplanar waveguide and the substrate integrated waveguide, so as to realize the integration of the grounded coplanar waveguide and the substrate Smooth transitions between waveguides.

The two radiators are the first electric dipole 5 and the second electric dipole 6 respectively. Since the antenna is an axisymmetric structure, the two electric dipoles are symmetrical about the central axis of the T-shaped dielectric substrate 1. Between them The distance between them is approximately 1/4 of the waveguide wavelength, and after being fed by the coupler 2 with a phase difference of equal amplitude and 90 degrees, the high front-to-back ratio characteristic of the radiation pattern can be realized.

Further, the first electric dipole 5 and the second electric dipole have the same structure, as shown in Figures 1 to 4, taking the first electric dipole 5 as an example, it includes a first metal arm 501, a second The metal arm 502, the third metal arm 503 and the fourth metal arm 504, the first metal arm 501 and the second metal arm 502 are located on the upper surface of the T-shaped dielectric substrate 1, the third metal arm 503 and the fourth metal arm 504 are located on the T The lower surface of the dielectric substrate 1, the first metal arm 501 corresponds to the third metal arm 503 and is connected together through the first metal via hole 505, the second metal arm 502 corresponds to the fourth metal arm 504 and is connected through the The second metal vias 506 are connected together; those skilled in the art can understand that the second electric dipole 6 also includes a first metal arm, a second metal arm, a third metal arm and a fourth metal arm.

As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the T-shaped dielectric substrate 1 is further provided with a first rectangular metal branch 7, a second rectangular metal branch 8 and a third rectangular metal branch 9, the first rectangular metal branch 7, the second The rectangular metal branch 8 and the third rectangular metal branch 9 are both metal microstrip lines, and are located on the upper surface of the T-shaped dielectric substrate 1, and are connected to the end of the coupler 2. The first rectangular metal branch 7 and the third rectangular metal branch 9 is symmetrical about the central axis of the T-shaped dielectric substrate 1, the second rectangular metal branch 8 is located on the central axis of the T-shaped dielectric substrate 1, the first rectangular metal branch 7, the second rectangular metal branch 8 and the third rectangular metal branch 9 The width is the same, and the length of the second rectangular metal branch 8 is greater than that of the first rectangular metal branch 7 and the third rectangular metal branch 9. By introducing these three rectangular metal branches, the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is greatly improved.

As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the T-shaped dielectric substrate 1 is also provided with four isosceles trapezoidal metal strip lines with a wide bottom and a thin top bottom, wherein two isosceles trapezoidal metal strip lines are respectively located on the T-shaped dielectric substrate. The upper and lower surfaces constitute the first broadband ladder-type planar coupled double line 10, and the other two isosceles trapezoidal metal strip lines are respectively located on the upper and lower surfaces of the T-shaped dielectric substrate to form the second broadband stepped type planar coupled double line 11 , because the antenna is an axisymmetric structure, the first broadband stepped planar coupled pair 10 and the second broadband stepped planar coupled pair 11 are symmetrical about the central axis of the T-shaped dielectric substrate 1 .

Further, the first broadband stepped planar coupled double line 10 is connected to the first electric dipole 5, specifically the isosceles trapezoidal metal strip line of the first broadband stepped planar coupled double line 10 on the upper surface of the T-shaped dielectric substrate 1 It is connected to the first metal arm 501 of the first electric dipole 5, and the isosceles trapezoidal metal strip line on the lower surface of the T-shaped dielectric substrate 1 is connected to the fourth metal arm 504;

The second broadband stepped planar coupled double line 11 is connected to the second electric dipole 6, specifically, the isosceles trapezoidal metal strip line on the upper surface of the T-shaped dielectric substrate 1 of the second broadband stepped planar coupled double line 11 and the second electric dipole 6. The first metal arm of the electric dipole 6 is connected, and the isosceles trapezoidal metal strip line on the lower surface of the T-shaped dielectric substrate 1 is connected with the fourth metal arm of the second electric dipole 6 .

Impedance matching between the dipole and the substrate integrated waveguide can be achieved by introducing the first broadband stepped planar coupled pair 10 and the second broadband stepped planar coupled pair 11. Preferably, the first broadband stepped planar coupled pair The bottom width of the isosceles trapezoidal metal strip line on the upper surface of the T-shaped dielectric substrate of the line 10 and the second broadband stepped planar coupling double line 11 is greater than the bottom width of the isosceles trapezoidal metal strip line on the lower surface of the T-shaped dielectric substrate, and The width of the top and bottom is the same.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 , two sets of ZIMs (Zero-Index Metamaterial, zero-index metamaterial) are arranged on the T-shaped dielectric substrate 1, and the two sets of ZIMs are the first set of ZIMs 12 and the second set of ZIMs respectively. 13. Since the antenna is an axisymmetric structure, the two groups of ZIMs are symmetrical about the central axis of the T-shaped dielectric substrate 1. The first group of ZIMs 12 and the second group of ZIMs 13 both include three ZIM units. Taking the first group of ZIMs 12 as an example, Each ZIM unit includes a first rectangular metal strip line 1201, a second rectangular metal strip line 1202, a first "several" shape metal bending line 1203 and a second "several" shape metal bending line 1204, the first rectangular metal strip line 1201 1. The first "several" shaped metal bending line 1203, the second "several" shaped metal bending line 1204 and the second rectangular metal strip line 1202 are connected in turn, the first "several" shaped metal bending line 1203 and the second "several" shaped metal bending line 1203 The metal bending line 1204 has a common part, and is respectively positioned at the left and right sides of the dotted line shown in Fig. 5, and what Fig. 6 shows is the electromagnetic simulation characteristic curve of this ZIM structure, as can be seen from Fig. 6, this structure can be in A near-zero refractive index characteristic is achieved within the impedance bandwidth range. Figure 7 shows the comparison of the gain of the antenna loaded with the ZIM structure and the gain of the antenna without the ZIM structure. Through the comparison, it can be seen that the ZIM structure can effectively improve the gain of the antenna.

After adjusting the size parameters of each part of the end-fired millimeter-wave antenna of this embodiment, the end-fired millimeter-wave antenna of this embodiment is verified and simulated through calculation and electromagnetic field simulation, as shown in FIG. The curve of the |S11| parameter (input port return loss) simulation results in the frequency range of ~50GHz; it can be seen that the values of the |S11| curve are all less than -10dB in the frequency range of 45.7GHz to 49.6GHz. As shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10, the H-plane pattern and the E-plane pattern of the antenna at the frequency point of 46GHz are given. As shown in Figure 11 and Figure 12, the antenna at the frequency point of 49GHz is given. It can be seen that the front-to-back ratio of the 46GHz antenna reaches 13.4dBi, and the front-to-back ratio of the 49GHz antenna reaches 16.3dBi. The simulation results show that the radiation direction of this embodiment is controllable End-fire millimeter-wave antennas have good directivity. As shown in Figure 13 and Figure 14, the three-dimensional pattern of the antenna is given. It can be seen that when the first excitation port 3 and the second excitation port 4 are connected to a matching load, the radiation direction of the antenna is the +X axis direction. When the second excitation port 4 is excited and the first excitation port 3 is connected to a matching load, the radiation direction of the antenna is the -X axis direction. It shows that the antenna realizes the characteristic of controllable radiation direction, and two 180-degree opposite radiation patterns can be realized by exciting different excitation ports.

Example 2:

In the end-fire millimeter wave antenna of this embodiment, the first group of ZIMs 12 and the second group of ZIMs 13 may further include four or more ZIM units. All the other are with embodiment 1.

In the above embodiment, the PCB board is made of any two materials in FR-4, polyimide, polytetrafluoroethylene glass cloth and co-fired ceramics; the material of the metal can be aluminum, iron, tin, copper Any one of , silver, gold and platinum, or an alloy of any one of aluminum, iron, tin, copper, silver, gold and platinum.

In summary, the end-fired millimeter-wave antenna of the present invention is designed with a T-shaped dielectric substrate, on which a coupler, two excitation ports, and two radiators are arranged, and the coupler is composed of a substrate-integrated waveguide, and the substrate-integrated waveguide There is a coupling window between the two rows of via holes, and a coupling phase control unit is provided between the coupling window and the two rows of via holes. The coupling phase can be controlled by the coupling phase control unit, which realizes the equal output of power and a phase difference of 90 degree, so that the shape of the antenna radiation pattern formed by feeding the electromagnetic signal from the two excitation ports is roughly the same, but the direction is completely reversed, indicating that it has the characteristics of beam control; in addition, only one layer of dielectric board is needed, which greatly reduces the antenna The difficulty of processing, do not use the Butler rectangle, only need to use a coupler to control the phase, greatly reducing the size and complexity of the antenna, while low cost, high yield, simple manufacturing process, can meet the requirements of the millimeter-wave antenna pair low cost requirements.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the patent of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the patent of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent replacements or changes to the technical solutions and their inventive concepts all fall within the scope of protection of the invention patent.

Claims (9)

1. An end-fired millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction, characterized in that: the antenna is an axisymmetric structure, comprising a T-shaped dielectric substrate, on which a coupler, two excitation ports and two radiators; The coupler is arranged between the two excitation ports and the two radiators. The coupler is composed of a substrate-integrated waveguide. A coupling window is provided between the two rows of via holes of the substrate-integrated waveguide. The coupling window is connected to the two rows of via holes. A coupling phase control unit is arranged between them; The T-shaped dielectric substrate is also provided with three rectangular metal branches connected to the end of the coupler, one of which is located between the other two rectangular metal branches, and its length is greater than the length of the other two rectangular metal branches, and the other two The lengths of the rectangular metal branches are the same. 2. An end-fired millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction according to claim 1, characterized in that: the two excitation ports are both composed of grounded coplanar waveguides, and the front ends of the two excitation ports are connected to microwave connectors, The end is flared. 3. The end-fire millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction according to claim 1, characterized in that: the two radiators are electric dipoles, and the distance between the two electric dipoles is 1/4 waveguide wavelength. 4. An end-fired millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction according to claim 3, characterized in that: each electric dipole comprises four metal arms, two of which are located on the upper surface of the T-shaped dielectric substrate , the other two metal arms are located on the lower surface of the T-shaped dielectric substrate, and the two metal arms on the upper surface of the T-shaped dielectric substrate are connected to the two metal arms on the lower surface of the T-shaped dielectric substrate in one-to-one correspondence through metal via holes. 5. An end-fired millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction according to claim 1, characterized in that: said T-shaped dielectric substrate is also provided with four isosceles trapezoidal metal strip lines with a wide lower bottom and a thin upper bottom; Two of the isosceles trapezoidal metal strip lines are respectively located on the upper and lower surfaces of the T-shaped dielectric substrate to form a broadband stepped planar coupled double line, and the broadband stepped planar coupled double line is connected to one of the radiators; The other two isosceles trapezoidal metal strip lines are also respectively located on the upper and lower surfaces of the T-shaped dielectric substrate, which also constitute a broadband stepped planar coupled double line, and the broadband stepped planar coupled double line is connected to another radiator. 6. The end-fire millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction according to claim 5, characterized in that: the width of the lower bottom of the isosceles trapezoidal metal strip line on the upper surface of the T-shaped dielectric substrate is larger than that of the bottom of the T-shaped dielectric substrate The width of the lower base of the isosceles trapezoidal metal strip line on the surface. 7. The end-fire millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction according to claim 1, characterized in that: two groups of ZIMs are also arranged on the T-shaped dielectric substrate, each group of ZIMs includes a plurality of ZIM units, each The spacing between two adjacent ZIM units is the same. 8 . The end-fired millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction according to claim 7 , wherein there are three ZIM units in each group of ZIMs. 9. An end-fired millimeter-wave antenna with controllable radiation direction according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: each ZIM unit includes two parallel and identical rectangular metal strip lines and two identical "several ”-shaped metal bending lines, two “several”-shaped metal bending lines are located on the left and right sides respectively, and connected together, two rectangular metal belt lines are connected with two “several”-shaped metal bending lines one by one.

Images