CN106899665A - Remote ancient building fire hazard monitoring early warning system based on wireless sensor network - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a remote ancient building fire monitoring and early warning system based on a wireless sensor network, which includes a sensor node, a gateway node, a base station, a remote terminal, a self-power supply system, and an alarm. The sensor node includes a sensor module, a processor module, a wireless communication module and an energy supply module. The gateway node includes a central processing unit, a storage unit, a radio frequency transceiver module, a GPRS communication module and a data acquisition module. The base station includes a convergence node and a computer that can be connected to the Internet, and the two are connected with an emulator through a USB interface. The remote terminal is a device that can be connected to the Internet. The self-powered system includes solar panels, a controller and a battery. The system of the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation, low energy consumption and low operating cost, and can effectively monitor the temperature, humidity and smog concentration of ancient buildings in real time at a long distance, and make timely and effective monitoring and early warning of fire disasters .

Description

Remote fire monitoring and early warning system for ancient buildings based on wireless sensor network

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless sensor network and ancient building protection, in particular to a remote ancient building fire monitoring and early warning system based on the wireless sensor network.

Background technique

Ancient Chinese architecture forms its own system in the world architecture, forming an inherent artistic style and structural characteristics. Moreover, there is no architectural culture of any nation in the world that has been so keen on civil structures and their group combinations for so long before modern Western architecture spread eastward like China. The ancient buildings in our country are mainly made of wood structure system. There are many advantages of the wooden structure system: such as separation of maintenance structure and support structure, high seismic performance, convenient material acquisition, fast construction speed, etc.; at the same time, wooden structures also have many disadvantages: vulnerable to fire, termite erosion, rain corrosion, etc. According to statistics, fire is the most destructive thing to ancient wooden structures. Once a fire occurs, if it is not discovered in time, it will often cause complete destruction of ancient buildings and even cause casualties. A similar example is the national key cultural relics protection unit - the Dacheng Hall in Beilin City, Shaanxi Province, which was struck by lightning and caught fire, and 263 cultural relics in the hall were also burned. The Baiyun Cave Temple in Mount Lao in Qingdao City, the Hall of Ten Kings in Jiuhua Mountain in Anhui Province, and the Puyou Temple in Chengde City in Hebei Province have all caused heavy losses due to fires. There are a large number of ancient buildings distributed in relatively remote places in our country, and there are few protection personnel, so it is difficult to find and deal with them in time when a fire occurs. Even for ancient buildings in developed areas, all kinds of protective measures are complete, and it is difficult to artificially detect abnormalities when the fire is small. It can be seen that it is very necessary to make more reliable and timely monitoring of the ancient building environment to ensure that dangers are discovered at the first time and timely and effective measures are taken.

The sensor equipment of the traditional monitoring system communicates through cables, and laying cables will cost a lot of money and time, which is uneconomical and easily damaged. The wireless sensor network uses wireless communication, which can ensure the real-time performance of data monitoring. In addition to the application of the base station, the aggregation node is connected to the computer that can access the Internet through the USB interface and the emulator, and the control commands can be modified and issued at any time. , and upload the collected data to the computer that can access the Internet to the central database, which is convenient for the query and control of various remote terminals, and will greatly extend the distance of monitoring, especially for ancient buildings in some remote areas. From unified monitoring to greatly saving labor costs and economic costs, and maximizing resource utilization.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a remote ancient building fire monitoring and early warning system based on a wireless sensor network, which can incorporate ancient buildings in remote areas into a unified monitoring platform to realize remote monitoring of the temperature, humidity and smoke concentration inside the ancient building, such as Immediate warning of abnormality, to achieve the purpose of effective fire monitoring and protection of ancient buildings.

Technical scheme of the present invention is realized like this:

A remote ancient building fire monitoring and early warning system based on a wireless sensor network, including sensor nodes, gateway nodes, base stations, remote terminals, power supply systems, and early warning systems;

The sensor node includes a sensor module, a processor module, a wireless communication module and an energy supply module, and the processor module is connected to the sensor module, the wireless communication module and the energy supply module respectively;

The gateway node includes a central processing unit, a storage unit, a radio frequency transceiver module, a GPRS communication module and a data acquisition module. The gateway node communicates with the sensor node through wireless communication, and receives and sends data to the sensor node;

The base station includes a collection node and a computer that can be connected to the Internet, and the two are connected to the emulator through a USB interface. The issuance of control commands, etc. is transmitted from the computer to the sink node through the USB interface and the emulator, and the sink node communicates with the gateway node through wireless communication, receives data and sends control commands to the gateway node;

The remote terminal is used to update and display the final fusion processed data;

The power supply system includes a self-power supply system and an emergency power supply device. The self-power supply system is used for conventional power supply to sensor nodes, gateway nodes and aggregation nodes, and the emergency power supply device is used for emergency power supply in emergencies to provide uninterrupted power for the sensor network;

The early warning system is divided into three levels of early warning according to the specific monitored temperature, humidity and smoke concentration, and the alarms also display different color early warnings.

The self-power supply system includes a solar panel, a controller and a storage battery, and the device supplies power to nodes by collecting solar energy and converting it into electrical energy.

The emergency power supply device includes a battery box and two AA batteries.

The early warning system includes three levels, namely yellow early warning, orange early warning and red early warning. If the monitored temperature is higher than the threshold or the humidity is lower than the threshold, a yellow early warning will be issued; if the monitored smoke concentration exceeds the threshold, an orange early warning will be issued. ; If the monitored temperature, humidity and smoke concentration are abnormal, a red warning will be issued.

The remote terminal is a device that can be connected to the Internet. Users can view monitoring data information and issue control instructions to the base station in real time through the remote terminal, and can set early warning thresholds and download data. According to different remote terminals, they are divided into PC terminals and mobile terminals. The terminal and PC end use Labview and other software to design and write the graphical user interface, and the mobile terminal uses the Java language to write software under the Andriod system.

An important part of the sensor node is a CC2530 chip produced by TI that supports the latest ZigBee protocol—ZigBee2007, which integrates a single-chip microcomputer, ADC and a wireless communication module, wherein the single-chip microcomputer is an enhanced industrial standard 8 Bit 8051 microcontroller core, the core of the wireless communication module conforms to the IEEE802.115.4/ZigBee protocol, and supports CRC hardware check.

The sensor module includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a smoke sensor.

The monitoring data are temperature, humidity and smoke concentration.

The topology of the wireless sensor network is a star, tree or mesh structure.

The invention realizes the long-distance monitoring of the temperature, humidity and smog concentration inside the ancient building, frees the fire monitoring and early warning of the ancient building from the limitation of space, and has a wider application range; the monitoring system has a simple structure and is easy to install; Compared with wireless sensor networks, it is relatively easy to add or replace nodes, and the entire network has strong scalability and is easy to maintain; nodes can be deployed in ancient building areas that need to be monitored, and nodes can self-organize to form a network, with low installation costs and cycle time Short; the sensor nodes will only be awakened when collecting and transmitting data, and will be in a dormant state for the rest of the time, with low energy consumption and low operating costs; the system early warning is divided into three levels of yellow, orange, and red early warning, which is convenient for staff. Abnormal situations are dealt with correspondingly and targetedly; the power supply module adopts the form of self-supply, without the risk of depletion, solar power generation is clean and pollution-free, and is not limited by the geographical distribution of resources.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of the present invention;

A sensor node; B gateway node; C monitoring area; D base station; E remote terminal;

Fig. 2 is a sensor node structural diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a gateway node structural diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a network topology diagram of the present invention;

A star structure; B network structure; C tree structure; Coordinator ○ router or end node;

Fig. 5 is a flow chart of power management of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a structural diagram of a self-powered energy supply module of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a monitoring and early warning flow chart of the present invention.

detailed description

As shown in Figure 1, a remote ancient building fire monitoring and early warning system based on wireless sensor networks includes sensor nodes, gateway nodes, base stations, and remote terminals. The sensor nodes and gateway nodes distributed in various areas of ancient buildings to monitor temperature, humidity and smoke concentration can self-organize to form a network. As shown in Figure 2, a sensor node includes a sensor module, a processor module, a wireless communication module and an energy supply module. As shown in Figure 3, the gateway node includes a central processing unit, a storage unit, a radio frequency transceiver module, a GPRS communication module and a data acquisition module. The base station includes a node that can complete data collection and a computer that can be connected to the Internet, and the two are connected with the emulator through a USB interface. Remote terminals are devices that can be connected to the Internet, such as smart phones, tablet computers, laptops, and desktop computers.

As shown in Figure 4, the topology of the wireless sensor network is a star, tree or mesh structure. The wireless sensor network of star structure is responsible for the data transmission and operation of the entire network by a dedicated central service node; the wireless sensor network of tree structure has a certain fault tolerance, and generally the failure of one branch and node does not affect the other branch and node The work is a broadcast network; the wireless sensor network with a mesh structure can realize point-to-point transmission between sensor nodes in the network. Which topology structure to use depends on the specific situation, and multiple hybrid structures can also be used in combination. If the internal area of the ancient building is not large, a star structure can be adopted. At this time, the gateway node and the sensor node can complete data transmission within one hop. Otherwise, a tree structure or a network structure can be considered. At this time, some sensor nodes will also assume the function of routing nodes. When the routing node communicates, it will first judge whether the next hop is a gateway node, and if it is, it will directly complete the transmission of data; if not, it will continue to communicate with the routing node of the next hop until it is transmitted to the gateway node.

According to the actual internal structural space of ancient buildings, a large number of sensor nodes are densely arranged in the monitoring area by adopting a suitable network topology. The sensor nodes can self-organize to form a multi-hop network, and each sensor node has a specific ID. Moreover, the collection frequency of sensor nodes can be set artificially, for example, the initial collection frequency can be set to collect once every 10s. As shown in Figure 5, the sensor nodes are only awakened when collecting and transmitting data, and are in a dormant state for the rest of the time, with low energy consumption and low operating costs. After collecting the temperature, humidity and smoke concentration information in the ancient building, send data to the gateway node, and the nodes at the edge of the sensor must send data to the gateway node through other nodes. In each monitoring area inside the ancient building, there will be a gateway node responsible for collecting data sent by all sensor nodes in the area.

The gateway node and the base station are connected through the transmission network, and all the gateway nodes will be connected to the upper transmission network, and then the collected internal temperature, humidity and smoke concentration of the ancient building will be sent to the sink node of the base station, and the sink node will pass the USB interface Connect with the emulator and the computer of the base station that can be connected to the Internet, and transmit the data to the computer. Moreover, the issuance of control commands is also transmitted from the computer to the aggregation node through the USB interface and the emulator, and then transmitted to the gateway node until the terminal sensor node completes the control command. The transmission network has multiple wireless communication nodes with uninterrupted power supply, providing communication bandwidth between the gateway node and the base station, and ensuring the communication reliability between the gateway node and the base station. The base station sends all the collected data to the Internet, and transmits them to a central database through the Internet, and the central database provides remote data services. Moreover, the base station can also store the collected data in a local database. All remote terminal devices (such as mobile phones, notebooks, etc.) that can be connected to the Internet can access the central database and issue various commands to the base station.

The energy supply module of the sensor node adopts the form of self-power supply, that is, the power supply is generated by the solar panel, and there is no risk of depletion. Solar power generation is clean and pollution-free, and is not limited by the geographical distribution of resources. It can generate electricity near the place where the electricity is used, and the energy quality is high. The self-powered energy supply module includes a solar panel, a controller and a storage battery, wherein the solar panel is used to generate electricity, and the controller is used to manage the charging and discharging of the storage battery, as well as the choice of charging and discharging at night and during the day. The controller and the node are connected through a USB interface, and can output a voltage of 5v to the node to meet the working needs of the node. The battery is used for charging during the day and discharging at night to ensure the uninterrupted power supply of the nodes. The specific embodiment is shown in Figure 6, the controller is first connected with the battery, the controller will automatically identify the voltage of the battery and start working, and then connect the controller with the solar panel, so that the battery can store the energy from the solar panel through the controller. electrical energy. Finally, the controller is connected to the node load through the USB interface, and the battery outputs 5v voltage to the node load through the controller.

The monitoring and early warning system sets thresholds for the temperature, humidity and smoke concentration of the monitored data in advance. If the monitored data exceeds the preset threshold, an early warning will be issued to remind the staff of abnormal situations. According to the actual abnormalities of each data, the early warning is divided into three levels: if the monitored temperature is higher than the threshold or the humidity is lower than the threshold, a yellow warning will be given, indicating that the weather is dry and hot at this time, which is prone to fire and reminds the staff Pay attention to patrols and strictly inspect to avoid fires; if the detected smoke concentration exceeds the threshold, an orange warning will be given, indicating that a fire is likely to have occurred at this time, and the fire is small and must be dealt with immediately; if the monitored temperature and humidity Both smoke and smoke concentrations are abnormal, and a red warning is issued, indicating that a fire has broken out at this time, and the fire is relatively large, and corresponding treatment must be taken immediately. The setting of three-level early warning is convenient for the staff to make corresponding and targeted treatment for different abnormal situations. The workflow of the early warning is shown in Figure 7. For the collected temperature, humidity and smoke concentration, first check whether the temperature exceeds the threshold, whether the humidity is lower than the threshold, and whether the smoke concentration is higher than the threshold. Red alert. If at least one of the three does not occur, the next step is performed, that is, to detect whether the temperature, humidity and smoke concentration are abnormal, and these two links are carried out in parallel and synchronously. If it is detected that the smoke concentration exceeds the threshold, an orange warning will be issued; if it is detected that the temperature exceeds the threshold or the humidity is lower than the threshold, a yellow warning will be issued; Normal, no warning processing, return to the initial point to re-test.

Claims (9)

1. A remote ancient building fire monitoring and early warning system based on wireless sensor networks, characterized in that: comprising sensor nodes, gateway nodes, base stations, remote terminals, power supply systems, and early warning systems; The sensor node includes a sensor module, a processor module, a wireless communication module and an energy supply module, and the processor module is connected to the sensor module, the wireless communication module and the energy supply module respectively; The gateway node includes a central processing unit, a storage unit, a radio frequency transceiver module, a GPRS communication module and a data acquisition module. The gateway node communicates with the sensor node through wireless communication, and receives and sends data to the sensor node; The base station includes a convergence node and a computer that can be connected to the Internet. The two are connected to the emulator through a USB interface. The release of control commands is transmitted from the computer to the convergence node through the USB interface and the simulator. Gateway node communication, receiving data and sending control instructions to the gateway node; The remote terminal is used to update and display the final fusion processed data; The power supply system includes a self-power supply system and an emergency power supply device. The self-power supply system is used for conventional power supply to sensor nodes, gateway nodes and aggregation nodes, and the emergency power supply device is used for emergency power supply in emergencies to provide uninterrupted power for the sensor network; The early warning system is divided into three levels of early warning according to the specific monitored temperature, humidity and smoke concentration, and the alarms also display different color early warnings. 2. A kind of remote ancient building fire monitoring and early warning system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described self-powered system comprises solar panel, controller and accumulator, and this device collects solar energy Converted into electrical energy to supply power to nodes. 3. A remote ancient building fire monitoring and early warning system based on a wireless sensor network according to claim 1, wherein the emergency power supply device includes a battery box and two AA batteries. 4. A kind of remote ancient building fire monitoring and early warning system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described early warning system comprises three grades, is respectively yellow early warning, orange early warning and red early warning, if If the monitored temperature is higher than the threshold or the humidity is lower than the threshold, a yellow warning will be issued; if the monitored smoke concentration exceeds the threshold, an orange warning will be issued; if the monitored temperature, humidity and smoke concentration are abnormal, a red warning will be issued. 5. A kind of remote ancient building fire monitoring and early warning system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 1, characterized in that: said remote terminal is a device that can be connected to the Internet, and the user can check the monitoring data in real time through the remote terminal Information and release control instructions to the base station, and can set the warning threshold and download data. According to the difference of the remote terminal, it is divided into PC terminal and mobile terminal. The PC terminal uses Labview and other software to design and write the graphical user interface. The mobile terminal is under the Andriod system. Use the Java language to write software. 6. A kind of remote ancient building fire monitoring and early warning system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the important component part of described sensor node is to support the latest ZigBee protocol—ZigBee2007 produced by TI company CC2530 chip, which integrates single-chip microcomputer, ADC and wireless communication module in one, wherein said single-chip microcomputer is a kind of enhanced industry standard 8-bit 8051 microcontroller core, and the core of said wireless communication module conforms to IEEE802.115.4/ZigBee protocol , support CRC hardware check. 7. A remote ancient building fire monitoring and early warning system based on a wireless sensor network according to claim 1, wherein the sensor module includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a smoke sensor. 8. A remote ancient building fire monitoring and early warning system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 1, characterized in that: said monitoring data are temperature, humidity and smoke concentration. 9. A remote ancient building fire monitoring and early warning system based on a wireless sensor network according to claim 1, characterized in that: the topology of the wireless sensor network is a star, tree or net structure.