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CN106341626B - A dynamic range automatic adjustment method based on electron multiplication for micro-ray array - Google Patents

A dynamic range automatic adjustment method based on electron multiplication for micro-ray array Download PDF

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CN106341626B
CN106341626B CN201610827163.6A CN201610827163A CN106341626B CN 106341626 B CN106341626 B CN 106341626B CN 201610827163 A CN201610827163 A CN 201610827163A CN 106341626 B CN106341626 B CN 106341626B
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electron multiplication
equivalent gain
equal
electron
histogram
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CN106341626A (en
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李春梅
李强
董书莉
郭元荣
何志宽
雷宁
皮林立
张斐然
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Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/50—Control of the SSIS exposure
    • H04N25/57—Control of the dynamic range
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/70—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene

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  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Studio Devices (AREA)
  • Transforming Light Signals Into Electric Signals (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of dynamic range automatic adjusting method of the low-light linear array based on electron multiplication counts the grey level histogram of current line image, provides the specific gravity of histogram 3 different interval censored datas, i.e. current line image histogram characteristic；It is weighted to cumulative criterion as dynamic range adjustment with historical data；It brings the image histogram characteristic after iteration into dynamic range adjustable strategies table, obtains electron multiplication equivalent gain and suggest use value.Use value, which does reasonability and events conflict judgement, is suggested to electron multiplication equivalent gain, provides actually executable electron multiplication equivalent gain value；It tables look-up to obtain low-light line-scan digital camera electron multiplication drive volume by executable electron multiplication equivalent gain value, to realize the automatic control to camera dynamic range.

Description

A kind of dynamic range automatic adjusting method of the low-light linear array based on electron multiplication
Technical field
A kind of dynamic range automatic adjusting method the present invention relates to low-light line-scan digital camera based on electron multiplication, more particularly to The method for implementing low-light line-scan digital camera dynamic range adjust automatically is adjusted by image histogram adjustable strategies and electron multiplication.
Background technique
Low light level CCD (i.e. EMCCD) has under low-light (level) to the ability of weak target imaging.Low light level CCD utilizes high-performance Low noise voice output amplifying technique and electron multiplication gain adjustment technology, realize the imaging of high dynamic range.However low light level CCD Electron multiplication should not frequently change, otherwise influence electron multiplication output stability.And it is directed to the non-linear sound of electron multiplication Answering the processing method of characteristic presently relevant, the method based on electron multiplication adjusting realization low-light camera dynamic range automatic adjustment is said Also seldom it is related in bright.
Patent " Quick high-precision electric multiplication CCD automatic gain system and method " gives to be adjusted in fact based on electron multiplication The hardware frame and simple algorithmic descriptions that low light level CCD dynamic range adjusts are applied, is divided wherein quickly calculate to output image The method that analysis obtains optimal gain adjustment value is simple but unreliable.
And field is adjusted in camera automatic gain, often the image mean value, maximum value and most as gain adjustment criterion An index in small value or histogram.Such as benefit in " using the real-time automatic gain control algorithm of linear TDI CCD camera " Denoising treated image maximum value and minimum value is used to be used as the criterion of gain adjustment, and " one kind is applied to cmos image biography Using image mean value as gain adjustment criterion in the fast automatic exposal control method of sensor ", there are also " be based on brightness histogram The automatic explosion method research of width " is also all the criterion using an index in histogram as gain adjustment, all shortage pair The whole of image information distribution understands that the judgement reliability made is insufficient.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem solved by the present invention is overcoming the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of low-light linear array is based on electronics times The dynamic range automatic adjusting method of increasing solves to extract more reliable data information from image gradation data as camera dynamic The foundation that range is adjusted designs reasonable camera dynamic range and adjusts strategy, and considers that electron multiplication driving is non-with equivalent gain Linear feature realizes the adjustment to low-light line array CCD dynamic range.
The technical scheme is that a kind of dynamic range automatic adjusting method of low-light linear array based on electron multiplication, packet Include following steps:
(1) grey level histogram of the current line image of statistics low-light linear array CCD camera output, provides 3 differences of histogram The specific gravity of interval censored data, i.e. current line image histogram characteristic；
(2) current line image histogram characteristic is weighted repeatedly using formula H=Pr+H (- 1) (1-r) In generation, r is Current Datarow weight, and between value 0-1, P is current line image histogram characteristic, and H (- 1) changes for lastrow Image histogram characteristic after generation, H are the image histogram characteristic after current row iteration；
(3) the image histogram characteristic input dynamic range adjustable strategies table after the iteration for obtaining step (2), obtains Suggest use value to electron multiplication equivalent gain；
(4) result obtained to step (3) does reasonability and events conflict judgement, provides practical executable electron multiplication etc. Imitate yield value；
(5) it by the electron multiplication equivalent gain value that actually can be performed, searches electron multiplication drive volume and electron multiplication is equivalent The mapping table of gain obtains the electron multiplication drive volume of low-light line-scan digital camera, thus realize to camera dynamic range from Dynamic control.
Gray Histogram grade is divided into 2 in the step (1)NGrade, N are the integer more than or equal to 5.
The specific gravity of 3 different zones data of image histogram refers to the 2nd in histogram in the step (1)NGrade data account for whole The percentage P3 of a histogram data, the (the 2nd in histogramN-1+2N-2) grade is to 2NGrade data account for the percentage of entire histogram data Than P2, the (the 2nd in histogramN-1+2N-4) grade is to 2NThe percentage P1, N that grade data account for entire histogram data are more than or equal to 5 Integer.
Dynamic range adjustable strategies refer in the step (3), if H3 be greater than A1, electron multiplication equivalent gain divided by G obtains electron multiplication equivalent gain and suggests use value；If H3 be less than or equal to A1 be greater than A2, and H2 be greater than A3 when, electron multiplication etc. Effect gain obtains electron multiplication equivalent gain divided by g and suggests use value；If H3 is less than or equal to A1 and is greater than A2, and H2 is less than or equal to A3 When, suggest use value using Current electronic multiplication equivalent gain as electron multiplication equivalent gain.If H3 is less than or equal to A2, and H1 is big When A4, suggest use value using Current electronic multiplication equivalent gain as electron multiplication equivalent gain, if H3 is less than or equal to A2, H1 Less than or equal to A4 be greater than A5, and H2 be greater than A6 when, using Current electronic multiplication equivalent gain as electron multiplication equivalent gain suggestion Use value；If H3 be less than or equal to A2, H1 be less than or equal to A4 be greater than A5, and H2 be less than or equal to A6 when, electron multiplication equivalent gain multiplies Electron multiplication equivalent gain, which is obtained, with g suggests use value；If H3 is less than or equal to A2, H1 is less than or equal to A5, the equivalent increasing of electron multiplication Benefit obtains electron multiplication equivalent gain multiplied by g and suggests use value；Wherein g indicates that electron multiplication equivalent gain adjusts minimum step, And 1 < g≤2；A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 indicate design threshold.
Reasonability refers to that electron multiplication equivalent gain suggests whether use value exceeds low-light line array CCD in the step (4) Electron multiplication adjustable extent, if it is greater than the upper limit of low-light line array CCD electron multiplication adjustable extent, practical executable electron multiplication Equivalent gain value is equal to the upper limit value of low-light line array CCD electron multiplication adjustable extent；If it is less than low-light line array CCD electron multiplication The lower limit of adjustable extent, practical executable electron multiplication equivalent gain value are equal to low-light line array CCD electron multiplication adjustable extent Lower limit value；Otherwise, practical executable electron multiplication equivalent gain is equal to electron multiplication equivalent gain suggestion use value.
In the step (4) events conflict refer to execute electron multiplication adjust when whether occur camera reset, reload it is excellent The first higher temporal events of grade, if there is events conflict, practical executable electron multiplication equivalent gain is equal to micro- when camera is switched on Light line array CCD electron multiplication yield value；Otherwise, practical executable electron multiplication equivalent gain is equal to electron multiplication equivalent gain and builds Discuss use value.
The advantages of the present invention over the prior art are that:
(1) histogram distribution of statistical picture gray scale, it is more reliable compared to the most value for judging image, it will not be bad because of detector Pixel is excessively bright that general image is caused to be judged by accident for point, noise, or part；
(2) histogram distribution of statistical picture gray scale is compared more reliable using mean value as the criterion of adjustment dynamic range, The especially discontinuous situation of histogram, such as the target acquisition in deep space background；
(3) statistics with histogram 2N(N >=5) grade has not only reached the purpose of intensity profile statistics, has also effectively controlled hardware Resource consumption.
(4) obtaining electron multiplication gain drive volume using look-up table has higher precision.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is implementation process flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is camera dynamic range adjustable strategies during the present invention is implemented；
Fig. 3 is the electron multiplication drive volume look-up table during the present invention is implemented.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, implementation process flow chart of the present invention includes image grey level histogram distribution statistics, iterative characteristic number According to foundation camera dynamic range adjustable strategies obtain electron multiplication equivalent gain and suggest use value, to electron multiplication equivalent gain It is recommended that use value does reasonability and events conflict judgement, executable electron multiplication equivalent gain is obtained, is obtained using look-up table Electron multiplication drive volume.
(1) 32 grades of grey level histograms of the current line image of statistics low-light linear array CCD camera output, calculate the in histogram 32 grades of data account for the percentage (P3) of entire histogram data, calculate the 24th grade to 32 grades data in histogram and account for entire histogram The percentage (P2) of data calculates the percentage (P1) that the 18th grade to 32 grades data in histogram account for entire histogram data, i.e., Current line image histogram characteristic；
(2) current line image histogram characteristic P3, P2, P1 are carried out using formula H=P0.1+H (- 1) 0.9 Weighted iteration, image grey level histogram characteristic H3, H2, H1 after obtaining iteration；
(3) the image histogram characteristic input dynamic range adjustable strategies after the iteration for obtaining step (2) are such as schemed Shown in 2, if H3 is greater than 0.03, electron multiplication equivalent gain obtains electron multiplication equivalent gain suggestion divided by 1.33 and uses Value；If H3 is less than or equal to 0.03 and is greater than 0.01, and when H2 is greater than 0.2, electron multiplication equivalent gain obtains electronics times divided by 1.33 Increase equivalent gain and suggests use value；If H3 is less than or equal to 0.03 and is greater than 0.01, and when H2 is less than or equal to 0.2, by Current electronic times Increase equivalent gain as electron multiplication equivalent gain and suggests use value.If H3 be less than or equal to 0.01, and H1 be greater than 0.05 when, will work as Preceding electron multiplication equivalent gain suggests use value as electron multiplication equivalent gain, if H3 is less than or equal to 0.01, H1 and is less than or equal to 0.05 is greater than 0.01, and when H2 is greater than 0.01, Current electronic multiplication equivalent gain is made as electron multiplication equivalent gain suggestion With value；If H3 be less than or equal to 0.01, H1 be less than or equal to 0.05 be greater than 0.01, and H2 be less than or equal to 0.01 when, electron multiplication is equivalent Gain obtains electron multiplication equivalent gain multiplied by 1.33 and suggests use value；If H3 is less than or equal to 0.01, H1 and is less than or equal to 0.01, electricity Son multiplication equivalent gain obtains electron multiplication equivalent gain multiplied by 1.33 and suggests use value.
(4) judge that electron multiplication equivalent gain suggests whether use value exceeds low-light line array CCD electron multiplication adjustable extent, If it is greater than the upper limit of low-light line array CCD electron multiplication adjustable extent, practical executable electron multiplication equivalent gain value is equal to micro- The upper limit value of light line array CCD electron multiplication adjustable extent；If it is less than the lower limit of low-light line array CCD electron multiplication adjustable extent, Practical executable electron multiplication equivalent gain value is equal to the lower limit value of low-light line array CCD electron multiplication adjustable extent；Otherwise, practical Executable electron multiplication equivalent gain is equal to electron multiplication equivalent gain and suggests use value.Judgement executes when electron multiplication is adjusted No generation camera resets, reloads the higher temporal events of priority, if there is events conflict, practical executable electron multiplication etc. It imitates gain and is equal to low-light line array CCD electron multiplication yield value when camera is switched on；Otherwise, practical executable electron multiplication equivalent gain Suggest use value equal to electron multiplication equivalent gain.
(5) by the electron multiplication equivalent gain that actually can be performed, electron multiplication drive volume and the equivalent increasing of electron multiplication are searched The mapping table of benefit, as shown in figure 3, the electron multiplication drive volume of low-light line-scan digital camera is obtained, to realize to camera dynamic The automatic control of range.

Claims (1)

1.一种微光线阵基于电子倍增的动态范围自动调整方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：1. a kind of micro-ray array is based on the dynamic range automatic adjustment method of electron multiplication, it is characterized in that comprising the steps: (1)统计微光线阵CCD相机输出的当前行图像的灰度直方图，给出直方图3个不同区间数据的比重，即当前行图像直方图特征数据；所述步骤(1)中直方图灰度级划分为2N级，N为大于等于5的整数；(1) Count the grayscale histogram of the current line image output by the low-light array CCD camera, and give the proportions of the data in three different intervals of the histogram, that is, the feature data of the current line image histogram; the histogram in the step (1) The gray level is divided into 2 N levels, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 5; 所述步骤(1)中图像直方图3个不同区域数据的比重指直方图中第2N级数据占整个直方图数据的百分比P3，直方图中第(2N-1+2N-2)级到2N级数据占整个直方图数据的百分比P2，直方图中第(2N-1+2N-4)级到2N级数据占整个直方图数据的百分比P1，N为大于等于5的整数；In the step (1), the proportions of the data in the three different regions of the image histogram refer to the percentage P3 of the 2nd N -level data in the histogram in the entire histogram data, and the number (2 N-1 +2 N-2 ) in the histogram Level to 2 N -level data accounts for the percentage of the entire histogram data P2, the histogram (2 N-1 +2 N-4 ) to 2 N -level data accounts for the percentage of the entire histogram data P1, N is greater than or equal to 5 the integer; (2)利用公式H＝P·r+H(-1)·(1-r)将当前行图像直方图特征数据进行加权迭代，r为当前行数据权重，取值0-1之间，P为当前行图像直方图特征数据，H(-1)为上一行迭代后的图像直方图特征数据，H为当前行迭代后的图像直方图特征数据；(2) Use the formula H=P·r+H(-1)·(1-r) to perform weighted iteration on the feature data of the image histogram of the current line, r is the weight of the current line data, between 0-1, P is the image histogram feature data of the current line, H(-1) is the image histogram feature data after the previous line iteration, and H is the image histogram feature data after the current line iteration; (3)将步骤(2)得到的迭代后的图像直方图特征数据输入动态范围调整策略表，得到电子倍增等效增益建议使用值；所述步骤(3)中动态范围调整策略是指，若H3大于A1时，则电子倍增等效增益除以g得到电子倍增等效增益建议使用值；若H3小于等于A1大于A2，且H2大于A3时，电子倍增等效增益除以g得到电子倍增等效增益建议使用值；若H3小于等于A1大于A2，且H2小于等于A3时，将当前电子倍增等效增益作为电子倍增等效增益建议使用值；若H3小于等于A2，且H1大于A4时，将当前电子倍增等效增益作为电子倍增等效增益建议使用值，若H3小于等于A2，H1小于等于A4大于A5，且H2大于A6时，将当前电子倍增等效增益作为电子倍增等效增益建议使用值；若H3小于等于A2，H1小于等于A4大于A5，且H2小于等于A6时，电子倍增等效增益乘以g得到电子倍增等效增益建议使用值；若H3小于等于A2，H1小于等于A5，电子倍增等效增益乘以g得到电子倍增等效增益建议使用值；其中g表示电子倍增等效增益调节最小步长，且1<g≤2；A1、A2、A3、A4、A5、A6表示设计阈值；(3) Input the iterative image histogram feature data obtained in step (2) into the dynamic range adjustment strategy table to obtain the recommended value of the electron multiplication equivalent gain; the dynamic range adjustment strategy in the step (3) refers to, if When H3 is greater than A1, divide the electron multiplier equivalent gain by g to obtain the recommended value of the electron multiplier equivalent gain; if H3 is less than or equal to A1 and greater than A2, and H2 is greater than A3, divide the electron multiplier equivalent gain by g to obtain the electron multiplier, etc. If H3 is less than or equal to A1 and greater than A2, and H2 is less than or equal to A3, take the current electron multiplication equivalent gain as the recommended value of electron multiplication equivalent gain; if H3 is less than or equal to A2, and H1 is greater than A4, Take the current electron multiplier equivalent gain as the recommended value of the electron multiplier equivalent gain. If H3 is less than or equal to A2, H1 is less than or equal to A4 and greater than A5, and H2 is greater than A6, the current electron multiplier equivalent gain is taken as the electron multiplier equivalent gain recommendation. Use value; if H3 is less than or equal to A2, H1 is less than or equal to A4 and greater than A5, and H2 is less than or equal to A6, multiply the electron multiplication equivalent gain by g to obtain the recommended value of the electron multiplication equivalent gain; if H3 is less than or equal to A2, H1 is less than or equal to A5, multiply the electron multiplication equivalent gain by g to obtain the recommended value of the electron multiplication equivalent gain; where g represents the minimum step size of the electron multiplication equivalent gain adjustment, and 1<g≤2; A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 represents the design threshold; (4)对步骤(3)得到的结果做合理性和事件冲突判断，给出实际可执行电子倍增等效增益值；所述步骤(4)中合理性是指电子倍增等效增益建议使用值是否超出微光线阵CCD电子倍增可调范围，如果大于微光线阵CCD电子倍增可调范围的上限，实际可执行电子倍增等效增益值等于微光线阵CCD电子倍增可调范围的上限值；如果小于微光线阵CCD电子倍增可调范围的下限，实际可执行电子倍增等效增益值等于微光线阵CCD电子倍增可调范围的下限值；否则，实际可执行电子倍增等效增益等于电子倍增等效增益建议使用值；(4) Make a judgment on the rationality and event conflict of the results obtained in step (3), and give the actual executable electron multiplication equivalent gain value; in the step (4), the rationality refers to the recommended use value of the electron multiplication equivalent gain Whether it exceeds the adjustable range of electron multiplication of the low-light array CCD, if it is greater than the upper limit of the adjustable range of electron multiplication of the low-light array CCD, the actual executable equivalent gain value of electron multiplication is equal to the upper limit of the adjustable range of electron multiplication of the low-light array CCD; If it is less than the lower limit of the adjustable range of electron multiplication of the micro-array CCD, the actual executable equivalent gain of electron multiplication is equal to the lower limit of the adjustable range of electron multiplication of the micro-array CCD; otherwise, the actual executable equivalent gain of electron multiplication is equal to the Recommended value for multiplying equivalent gain; 所述步骤(4)中事件冲突是指执行电子倍增调节时是否发生相机复位、重加载优先级较高的临时事件，如果有事件冲突，实际可执行电子倍增等效增益等于相机开机时微光线阵CCD电子倍增增益值；否则，实际可执行电子倍增等效增益等于电子倍增等效增益建议使用值；The event conflict in the step (4) refers to whether a temporary event with a higher priority of camera reset or reload occurs when the electron multiplier adjustment is performed. If there is an event conflict, the actual executable electron multiplier equivalent gain is equal to the low light when the camera is turned on. Array CCD electron multiplication gain value; otherwise, the actual executable electron multiplication equivalent gain is equal to the recommended value of the electron multiplication equivalent gain; (5)由实际可执行的电子倍增等效增益值，查找电子倍增驱动量与电子倍增等效增益的对应关系表，得到微光线阵相机的电子倍增驱动量，从而实现对相机动态范围的自动控制。(5) From the actual executable electron multiplication equivalent gain value, look up the correspondence table between the electron multiplication driving amount and the electron multiplication equivalent gain, and obtain the electron multiplication driving amount of the low-light array camera, so as to realize the automatic dynamic range of the camera. control.
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