CN104054585A - Pig manure storing and transporting method for scattered small and medium-sized pig farmers - Google Patents
Pig manure storing and transporting method for scattered small and medium-sized pig farmers Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种分散式中小型养猪户粪便储运的方法，涉及固体废物处理领域。针对分散式中小型养猪户粪便收集储运难题，提出一种根据养殖规模就近在养猪场附近建造地埋式储粪池，并将农用小型拖拉机改造成吸粪车，对分散式中小型养猪户粪便集中收集的方法。本发明提出的吸粪车由农用小型拖拉机改造而成，方便穿越农村地区田间村道，利于分散式中小型养猪户粪便的收集。通过本发明建造的储粪池和改造成的吸粪车，可以解决分散式中小型养猪户粪便储运难题，改善分散式中小型养猪户粪便带来的环境问题，具有良好的环境、社会效益。
The invention discloses a decentralized method for storing and transporting excrement of small and medium-sized pig farmers, and relates to the field of solid waste treatment. Aiming at the problem of collecting, storing and transporting the excrement of small and medium-sized pig farmers, a method is proposed to build a buried dung storage tank near the pig farm according to the scale of breeding, and transform the small agricultural tractor into a fecal suction truck. A method for centralized collection of manure from pig farmers. The manure suction vehicle proposed by the invention is transformed from a small agricultural tractor, which is convenient for crossing field village roads in rural areas, and is beneficial to the collection of excrement from small and medium-sized pig farmers in a decentralized manner. The feces storage tank constructed by the present invention and the manure suction truck transformed into can solve the problem of excrement storage and transportation of distributed small and medium-sized pig farmers, improve the environmental problems caused by the excrement of decentralized small and medium-sized pig farmers, and have a good environment, social benefits.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于固体废物处置领域，具体涉及一种分散式中小型养猪户粪便储运方法。 The invention belongs to the field of solid waste disposal, and in particular relates to a decentralized method for storing and transporting excrement of small and medium-sized pig farmers.
背景技术 Background technique
现今，我国各农村分散着大大小小的非规模化养猪户，存栏量一般多为几十至几百头不等。由于其产生的粪便量相对较少，难于单独处理，大多肆意排放进入农田、沟渠、河道，使周边农田不堪重负、杂草丛生、病原菌传播、臭味远扬、蚊蝇滋生。养猪户粪便污水若不经处理排放至河流、湖塘等地表水体中，由于污水中含有大量的有机物、氮、磷等污染物质，会引起河流水体富营养化，藻类大量繁殖致使水中溶解氧降低，致使浮游植物和鱼类死亡，水质恶化。同时，粪便中含有的致病菌、寄生虫卵等病原体进入河道中，给公共饮用水安全带来极大的威胁。例如本发明人所在地——江苏常州市某镇区内分散着近80户家养猪户，共计存栏近15000头育肥猪，年出栏量40000多头，每年产生近4万吨的粪污水，且都未经处理直接排入周边水体，这给周围的环境带来了极大的污染。 Nowadays, there are large and small non-scale pig farmers scattered in various rural areas of our country, and the number of pigs on hand generally ranges from dozens to hundreds of pigs. Due to the relatively small amount of feces produced, it is difficult to deal with them alone. Most of them are discharged into farmland, ditches, and rivers indiscriminately, causing the surrounding farmland to be overwhelmed, overgrown with weeds, spreading pathogens, smelling far away, and breeding mosquitoes and flies. If the feces and sewage of pig farmers are discharged into surface water bodies such as rivers and lakes without treatment, since the sewage contains a large amount of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants, it will cause eutrophication of the river water body, and a large number of algae will cause dissolved oxygen in the water. Reduced, resulting in the death of phytoplankton and fish, and the deterioration of water quality. At the same time, pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and parasite eggs contained in feces enter the river, which poses a great threat to the safety of public drinking water. For example, where the inventor is located—nearly 80 pig-raising households scattered in a town in Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, with a total of nearly 15,000 fattening pigs on hand, with an annual output of more than 40,000 pigs, and nearly 40,000 tons of feces and sewage every year. It is directly discharged into the surrounding water body without treatment, which has brought great pollution to the surrounding environment.
因此要对分散式的各个养猪户育肥猪所产生的粪便进行模式化贮存与收集，以便于后续集中化处理。国内外针对猪场粪便处理展开了研究，《农业工程学报》2008年第24卷第9期234-241页报道了李娜等在夏季利用动态箱法对猪场的三格式化粪池进行了CO2、CH4气体排放测试。中国发明专利(授权公告号：CN202246662U)公布了一种能自动排渣、发酵原料利用率高的全自动沼气池，此沼气池包括发酵池、进料管和储粪池。但以往的报道多针对大型养猪场粪便处置，对于分散式中小型养猪户猪场粪便集中处置的储运方法鲜见报道。 Therefore, it is necessary to store and collect the feces produced by the fattening pigs of various pig farmers in a decentralized manner, so as to facilitate subsequent centralized processing. Domestic and foreign studies have been carried out on the treatment of pig farm manure. "Journal of Agricultural Engineering" 2008, Vol. 2. CH 4 gas emission test. Chinese invention patent (authorized announcement number: CN202246662U) has announced a kind of fully automatic biogas digester that can discharge slag automatically, and the utilization rate of fermentation raw material is high, and this biogas digester includes fermentation tank, feeding pipe and dung storage tank. However, previous reports mostly focused on the disposal of manure from large-scale pig farms, and there were few reports on the storage and transportation methods for the centralized disposal of manure from small and medium-sized pig farms.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术在分散式中小型养猪场粪便难以收集储运的难题，而提供一种有利于分散式中小型养猪户粪便集中化处理的方法。 The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the difficult problem in the prior art that it is difficult to collect, store and transport excrement from small and medium-sized decentralized pig farms, and provide a method that is beneficial to the centralized treatment of excrement from distributed small and medium-sized pig farms.
上述的适用于分散式中小型养猪户猪场的猪粪储运工艺具体为： The above-mentioned pig manure storage and transportation technology suitable for decentralized small and medium-sized pig farms is as follows:
(1)分散式中小型养猪户先根据各自的养殖规模就近在养猪场附近建造地埋式储粪池，其规格为长2-4m，宽2-6m，深1.5-2m；养猪户每日对猪舍定时冲洗，每头猪每天平均产粪量2kg、日排放猪尿量为1.5kg、需冲洗水量为3.5kg，粪便量按每头猪每天产粪量、猪尿量以及冲洗水量的总和计算。为减轻臭味扩散，在贮存过程中不打开搅拌装置，使其静置沉淀。 由于粪便长时间贮存于水中会发酵产生CO2、CH4气体，所以粪便在储粪池内的储存时间为0.5-4天。采用吸粪车取走粪污前，开启搅拌装置，将可有效减少池底沉淀，达到排净粪便的目的。 (1) Decentralized small and medium-sized pig farmers first build buried dung storage tanks near the pig farms according to their respective breeding scales. The specifications are 2-4m long, 2-6m wide, and 1.5-2m deep; Households regularly flush the pig house every day. The average daily feces production of each pig is 2kg, the daily urine output of pigs is 1.5kg, and the amount of flushing water is 3.5kg. The sum calculation of flushing water volume. In order to reduce the spread of odor, do not turn on the stirring device during storage and let it stand for precipitation. Since feces stored in water for a long time will ferment to produce CO 2 and CH 4 gas, the storage time of feces in the septic tank is 0.5-4 days. Before using the fecal suction truck to remove the feces, turn on the stirring device, which will effectively reduce the sediment at the bottom of the pool and achieve the purpose of cleaning the feces.
(2)由于农村地区道路狭窄，因而本发明将农用小型拖拉机进行改造，以提供一种制造成本低、易于操作和可以有效收集储粪池中粪便的吸粪车。具体技术方案为：在小型农用拖拉机运输底盘的基础上改造，根据车厢底盘大小和运输负荷的大小确定装粪容器大小，并将其放置于车厢底板上。在车厢底板上还设有抽粪泵，所述抽粪泵是用传动皮带与拖拉机的发动机相连接，在泵的进出口分别连接带有倒漏斗式的柔性管道。为便于泵与发动机的连接，需在车厢底板上设置传动皮带进入口。 (2) Due to the narrow roads in rural areas, the present invention transforms the small agricultural tractor to provide a manure suction truck with low manufacturing cost, easy operation and effective collection of ight soil in the manure storage tank. The specific technical scheme is: reforming on the basis of the transportation chassis of the small agricultural tractor, determining the size of the manure container according to the size of the chassis of the carriage and the size of the transportation load, and placing it on the bottom plate of the carriage. A manure pump is also arranged on the carriage floor, and the manure pump is connected with the engine of the tractor by a transmission belt, and the inlet and outlet of the pump are respectively connected with flexible pipes with inverted funnels. In order to facilitate the connection between the pump and the engine, it is necessary to set the drive belt inlet on the floor of the compartment.
吸粪车的工作原理是：吸粪车由农用小型拖拉机改造，在其车厢底部上设置抽粪泵，抽粪泵通过传动皮带与吸粪车的柴油发动机连接，在抽粪泵的轴向进料口连接有进料管，在抽粪泵的径向出料口连接出料管，车主可根据车型与载重负荷大小来选择带盖密封的运粪罐。抽粪泵采用不锈钢型气动隔膜泵焊接于在车厢底面上，传动皮带连接抽粪泵经过车厢底面开设的皮带入口连接吸粪车发动机。抽粪泵上的进料管和出料管使用PVC材质输送管。 The working principle of the dung suction truck is: the dung suction truck is transformed from a small agricultural tractor, and a dung pump is installed on the bottom of the carriage. The feed port is connected to the feed pipe, and the radial discharge port of the excrement pump is connected to the discharge pipe. The owner can choose a sealed manure tank with a cover according to the vehicle model and load. The excrement pump is welded on the bottom surface of the carriage by a stainless steel pneumatic diaphragm pump, and the transmission belt is connected to the excrement pump through the belt inlet opened on the bottom surface of the carriage to connect to the engine of the excrement suction truck. The feed pipe and discharge pipe on the excrement pump use PVC material conveying pipe.
本发明的优势在于： The advantages of the present invention are:
①适用于分散式中小型养猪户猪场的粪便工艺避免了大型养猪场粪便工艺中的地面漏缝板设计、通风设计与排污阀设计，只需考虑蓄粪池的深度与注水深度，更为简便且节省建造成本，而且将蓄粪池与猪舍分离有益于生猪的健康。 ①The manure process suitable for decentralized small and medium-sized pig farms avoids the ground slat design, ventilation design and sewage valve design in the large-scale pig farm manure process, and only needs to consider the depth of the manure storage and water injection depth. It is easier and saves construction costs, and separating the cesspool from the pig house is beneficial to the health of the pigs.
②适用于分散式中小型养猪户猪场储运方法中的吸粪车选用农用小型拖拉机改造而成可以方便的穿越于田间村道，又不必购置专用沼渣抽运车以节省成本。而且在使用该抽粪车时可以将抽粪泵进出管道交替使用，既可以将储粪池中粪便、粪渣吸入运粪容器中，又可以将运粪容器中粪便、粪渣排入沼气站的预处理池中。 ②The fecal suction truck suitable for the storage and transportation method of small and medium-sized pig farms of small and medium-sized pig farmers is transformed from a small agricultural tractor, which can easily cross the field and village roads, and it is not necessary to purchase a special biogas residue pumping truck to save costs. Moreover, when using the dung truck, the inlet and outlet pipes of the dung pump can be used alternately, which can not only suck the dung and dregs in the dung storage tank into the dung container, but also discharge the dung and dregs in the dung container into the biogas station. in the preprocessing pool.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1吸粪车结构示意图。 Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the fecal suction truck.
1-农用小型拖拉机；2-抽粪泵；3-进料管；4-出料管；5-运粪罐；6-传动皮带 1- small agricultural tractor; 2- manure pump; 3- feed pipe; 4- discharge pipe; 5- manure tank; 6- transmission belt
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
养猪户先根据各自的养殖规模就近在养猪场附近建造地埋式储粪池，养殖规模1000头以下的长方体地下砖砌结构的储粪池规格(长×宽×高)为2m×2m×1.5m-4m×6m×2.0m，有效容积为4.8-32.4m3，养猪户每日对猪舍定时冲洗，每头猪每天平均产粪量2kg、日排放猪尿量为1.5kg、需冲洗水量为3.5kg，粪便量按每头猪每天产粪量、猪尿量以及冲洗水量的总和计算，日最大产粪便量(kg)为6000kg，池中设置1套搅拌装置，为减轻臭味扩散，在贮存过程中不 开动搅拌装置，使其静置沉淀。粪便在储粪池内的储存时间为0.5-4天。 Pig farmers first build buried septic tanks near the pig farms according to their respective breeding scales. The size of the cuboid underground brick-built septic tanks with a breeding scale of less than 1,000 pigs (length×width×height) is 2m×2m ×1.5m-4m×6m×2.0m, the effective volume is 4.8-32.4m 3 , the pig farmers regularly flush the pig house every day, the average feces production per pig per day is 2kg, and the daily pig urine output is 1.5kg, The amount of flushing water required is 3.5kg, and the amount of feces is calculated according to the sum of the amount of feces produced by each pig, the amount of pig urine and the amount of flushing water per day. To spread the smell, do not start the stirring device during storage, let it stand and settle. The storage time of feces in the septic tank is 0.5-4 days.
本发明所研制的吸粪车由农用小型拖拉机1改造，在其车厢底部上设置抽粪泵2，抽粪泵通过传动皮带6与吸粪车的柴油发动机连接，在抽粪泵2的轴向进料口连接有进料管，在抽粪泵的径向出料口连接出料管4，车主可根据车型与载重负荷大小来选择带盖密封的运粪罐5。抽粪泵2采用不锈钢型气动隔膜泵焊接于在车厢底面上，传动皮带6连接抽粪泵2经过车厢底面开设的皮带入口连接吸粪车发动机。抽粪泵2上的进料管3和出料管4使用PVC材质输送管。 The manure suction vehicle developed by the present invention is transformed by a small agricultural tractor 1, and a manure pump 2 is arranged on the bottom of the carriage. The feed port is connected with a feed pipe, and the radial discharge port of the excrement pump is connected with the discharge pipe 4. The car owner can choose a sealed feces tank 5 with a cover according to the car model and the load. The excrement pump 2 adopts a stainless steel type pneumatic diaphragm pump to be welded on the bottom surface of the carriage, and the transmission belt 6 is connected to the excrement pump 2 through the belt inlet provided on the bottom surface of the carriage to connect to the engine of the excrement suction truck. The feed pipe 3 and the discharge pipe 4 on the excrement pump 2 use PVC material delivery pipes.
本发明中粪便量按每头猪每天产粪量、猪尿量以及冲洗水量的总和计算，其中每头猪每天平均产粪量为2kg，每日猪尿量与冲洗水共为4kg。 In the present invention, the amount of feces is calculated according to the sum of the daily feces production, pig urine volume and flushing water volume of each pig, wherein the average daily feces production per pig is 2kg, and the daily pig urine volume and flushing water are 4kg altogether.
本发明中吸粪车的储粪罐为不锈钢型，储量为3-4t。 The feces storage tank of the fecal suction truck in the present invention is a stainless steel type, and the storage capacity is 3-4t.
本发明中吸粪车所用抽粪泵为不锈钢型气动隔膜泵。 The used fecal pump of the fecal suction truck in the present invention is a stainless steel type pneumatic diaphragm pump.
本发明中进料管和出料管使用的PVC输送管的口径为10cm，管长10-100m，使用时视分散式养殖户储粪池位置而设定。 The caliber of the PVC conveying pipe used in feed pipe and discharge pipe among the present invention is 10cm, and the length of pipe is 10-100m, and it is set according to the position of the septic storage tank of the dispersed farmer during use.
本发明中粪便的收集、装卸车作业过程中，均采用手持式喷雾消毒器对吸粪车和储粪进行消毒，以防病菌传播。 In the present invention, during the collection of feces and the operation of loading and unloading trucks, a hand-held spray sterilizer is used to disinfect the fecal suction truck and the feces storage to prevent the spread of germs.
该方法实施后，可将1000头以下的存栏量的育肥猪所产生的粪便进行无害化有效治理，极大减少因粪便直接排放至河道或池塘所造成水体富营养化状况。 After the method is implemented, the feces produced by the fattening pigs with less than 1,000 herds can be harmlessly and effectively treated, and the eutrophication of the water body caused by the direct discharge of the feces to rivers or ponds can be greatly reduced.
实施例1 Example 1
采用本发明所研制的由农用小型拖拉机改造成的储粪罐为3t吸粪车对养殖规模为100头养猪户的粪便进行储运。养猪户就近在养猪场附近建造地埋式储粪池，储粪池规格(长×宽×高)为2m×2m×1.5m，有效容积为4.8m3，日最大产粪便量为600kg，池中设置1个搅拌装置，为减轻臭味扩散，在贮存过程中不打开搅拌装置，使其静置沉淀。粪污在储粪池内的时间为4日。每4天用吸粪车对储粪池中的粪便进行储运一次。在粪污的收集、装卸车作业过程中，均采用手持式喷雾消毒器对吸粪车和储粪进行消毒，以防病菌传播。该方法实施后，可将100头存栏量的育肥猪所产生的粪污水进行无害化有效治理，极大缓解因粪污直接排放至河道所造成水体富营养化状况。 The feces storage tank transformed from a small agricultural tractor developed by the present invention is a 3t fecal suction truck to store and transport the feces of 100 pig farmers. Pig farmers build underground dung storage near the pig farm. The size of the dung storage (length×width×height) is 2m×2m×1.5m, the effective volume is 4.8m 3 , and the maximum daily feces production is 600kg , A stirring device is installed in the pool. In order to reduce the spread of odor, the stirring device is not turned on during the storage process, and it is allowed to stand and settle. The time of feces in the septic tank is 4 days. The feces in the septic tank are stored and transported every 4 days with a fecal suction truck. During the collection of manure and the operation of loading and unloading trucks, hand-held spray sterilizers are used to disinfect the manure suction trucks and manure storage to prevent the spread of germs. After the method is implemented, the feces and sewage produced by 100 fattening pigs in stock can be harmlessly and effectively treated, and the eutrophication of the water body caused by the direct discharge of manure to the river can be greatly alleviated.
实施例2-5 Example 2-5
实施案例2-5与实施案例1的区别在于养殖户的养殖规模不同、储粪池规格及有效容积不同、日最大产粪便量不同、储粪车储粪罐最大储粪量不同，储粪车储运频次不同。其余的参 数均相同。表1为5个实施案例中养殖规模、储粪池规格、有效容积、日最大产粪便量、储粪车储粪罐最大储粪量、储粪车储运频次的参数。 The difference between implementation cases 2-5 and implementation case 1 is that the breeding scale of farmers is different, the specifications and effective volume of dung storage tanks are different, the maximum daily feces production is different, and the maximum feces storage capacity of dung storage tanks is different. The frequency of storage and transportation is different. The rest of the parameters are the same. Table 1 shows the parameters of breeding scale, dung storage tank specifications, effective volume, maximum daily feces production, maximum dung storage capacity of dung storage tanks, and storage and transportation frequency of dung storage trucks in the five implementation cases.
表1 Table 1
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