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Prospective study of light dark matter search with a newly proposed DarkSHINE experiment

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Abstract

Dark photons have been well motivated as strong candidates for dark force carriers and light dark matter in the sub-GeV mass range. Compared with collider experiments, fixed-target experiments provide a complementary approach to searching for dark photons, particularly in the lower mass range. We have studied the physics potential of the electron-on-target experiment based on the Shanghai SHINE facility, which provides 10 MHz single electron beam at 8 GeV energy. This analysis focuses on dark photons being produced via electron and nucleon interaction and then decays to dark matter candidates, which escape detection as missing momentum in the detector. This experiment takes advantage of using missing momentum to enhance signal versus background separation power. In this study, signal samples as a function of dark photon mass and an inclusive background sample with 2.5 billion events are simulated with GEANT4. For better background estimates, major rare background processes have also been simulated. This paper presents the experiment and detector design, signal and background simulations, analysis strategy, and the prospective study of the experiment sensitivity. With 9 × 1014 electron-on-target events (about three years running), this experiment is expected to rule out most of the sensitive regions predicted by popular dark photon models.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12150006), and Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research—Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Grant No. 21TQ1400209). The authors thank Shao-Feng Ge for the supervision on theoretical assumption and on signal sample generation.

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201210, China

    Jing Chen, Zheng-Ting He, Kim Siang Khaw, Shu Li, Dan-Ning Liu, Kun Liu, Qi-Bin Liu, Yang Liu, Yu-Feng Wang, Zhen Wang, Dao Xiang, Hai-Jun Yang, Jun-Hua Zhang, Zhi-Yu Zhao & Xu-Liang Zhu

  2. Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Jing Chen, Ji-Yuan Chen, Xiang Chen, Jun Guo, Kim Siang Khaw, Jia-Lin Li, Liang Li, Shu Li, Dan-Ning Liu, Han-Qing Liu, Kun Liu, Qi-Bin Liu, Yang Liu, Ze-Jia Lu, Cen Mo, Si-Yuan Song, Yu-Feng Wang, Zhen Wang, Wei-Hao Wu, Hai-Jun Yang, Jun-Hua Zhang, Yu-Lei Zhang, Zhi-Yu Zhao, Xu-Liang Zhu, Chun-Xiang Zhu & Yi-Fan Zhu

  3. Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MOE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology (SKLPPC), Shanghai, 200240, China

    Jing Chen, Ji-Yuan Chen, Xiang Chen, Jun Guo, Kim Siang Khaw, Jia-Lin Li, Liang Li, Shu Li, Dan-Ning Liu, Han-Qing Liu, Kun Liu, Qi-Bin Liu, Yang Liu, Ze-Jia Lu, Cen Mo, Si-Yuan Song, Yu-Feng Wang, Zhen Wang, Wei-Hao Wu, Hai-Jun Yang, Jun-Hua Zhang, Yu-Lei Zhang, Zhi-Yu Zhao, Xu-Liang Zhu, Chun-Xiang Zhu & Yi-Fan Zhu

  4. Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China

    Shu Li

  5. School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, 234000, China

    Shu Li

  6. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Le He

  7. School of Electronics, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Meng Lv

  8. R&D Center, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201899, China

    Jun-Feng Chen

  9. Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200443, China

    Chang-Bo Fu & Xiao-Long Wang

  10. Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200443, China

    Chang-Bo Fu & Xiao-Long Wang

  11. Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Dao Xiang

  12. Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Dao Xiang

  13. College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1040, USA

    Zi-Rui Wang

  14. Department of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland

    Zheng-Ting He

Authors
  1. Jing Chen
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  2. Ji-Yuan Chen
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  3. Jun-Feng Chen
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  4. Xiang Chen
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  6. Jun Guo
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  7. Le He
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  8. Zheng-Ting He
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  9. Kim Siang Khaw
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  10. Jia-Lin Li
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  11. Liang Li
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  21. Si-Yuan Song
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  22. Xiao-Long Wang
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  24. Zhen Wang
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  26. Wei-Hao Wu
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  28. Hai-Jun Yang
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  29. Jun-Hua Zhang
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  30. Yu-Lei Zhang
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  31. Zhi-Yu Zhao
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  32. Xu-Liang Zhu
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  33. Chun-Xiang Zhu
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  34. Yi-Fan Zhu
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Shu Li, Kun Liu or Hai-Jun Yang.

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Chen, J., Chen, JY., Chen, JF. et al. Prospective study of light dark matter search with a newly proposed DarkSHINE experiment. Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 66, 211062 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-022-1983-8

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