Fast Algorithms for Minimum Homology Basis

Abstract

We study the problem of finding a minimum homology basis, that is, a lightest set of cycles that generates the 1-dimensional homology classes with $\mathbb {Z}_2$ coefficients in a given simplicial complex K. This problem has been extensively studied in the last few years. For general complexes, the current best deterministic algorithm, by Dey et al. (LATIN 2018: Theoretical Informatics, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2018), runs in $O(N m^{\omega -1} + n m g)$ time, where N denotes the total number of simplices in K, m denotes the number of edges in K, n denotes the number of vertices in K, g denotes the rank of the 1-homology group of K, and $\omega$ denotes the exponent of matrix multiplication. In this paper, we present three conceptually simple randomized algorithms that compute a minimum homology basis of a general simplicial complex K. The first algorithm runs in $\tilde{O}(m^\omega )$ time, the second algorithm runs in $O(N m^{\omega -1})$ time and the third algorithm runs in $\tilde{O}(N^2\,g + N m g{^2} + m g{^3})$ time which is nearly quadratic time when $g=O(1)$. We also study the problem of finding a minimum cycle basis in an undirected graph G with n vertices and m edges. The best known algorithm for this problem runs in $O(m^\omega )$ time. Our algorithm, which has a simpler high-level description, but is slightly more expensive, runs in $\tilde{O}(m^\omega )$ time. We also provide a practical implementation of computing the minimum homology basis for general weighted complexes. The implementation is broadly based on the algorithmic ideas described in this paper, differing in its use of practical subroutines. Of these subroutines, the more costly step makes use of a parallel implementation, thus potentially addressing the issue of scale. We compare results against the currently known state of the art implementation (ShortLoop).