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Zhang, Huang, Wang, Long et al. report that NAT10 enhances serine uptake and biosynthesis in an ac4C-dependent mechanism, thereby promoting stemness and progression in acute myeloid leukaemia.

Zhang et al. show that the activation of RIPK1 is suppressed by acetylhypusination in a spermidine-dependent manner. Disruption of this axis contributes to RIPK1-mediated vascular pathology to promote insulin resistance and diabetic kidney pathology.

Rice indica varieties have higher nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) than that of japonica varieties. Here, the authors show that natural variation of OsWRKY23 and its interaction with DULL NITROGEN RESPONSE1 (DNR1)-mediated auxin accumulation play a role in NUE divergence between the two rice subspecies.

During vectorial protein translation, native interactions are temporarily unsatisfied. Here, authors introduce “Native Fold Delay”, integrating protein topology with translation kinetics to quantify the resulting delays in co-translational folding which may result in protein aggregation.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Adult zebrafish possess the ability to regenerate injured hearts through a complex orchestration of molecular and cellular activities. Here, the authors present a single cell and spatially-resolved atlas of the regenerating zebrafish heart, which serves as a valuable resource for research on heart regeneration.

The uneven surfaces of copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells pose challenges for depositing the upper layers in flexible perovskite/CIGS tandem solar cells. Ying et al. tackle this issue using an antisolvent and seeding strategy, resulting in a certified efficiency of 23.8%.

The genomic epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii, which is rising in virulence and multidrug resistance, was explored. This study examined bloodstream infection isolates from Chinese patients in 2011–2021, revealing increased genetic diversity and dominance of highly virulent ST208.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) establishes chronic infection in human, but the underlying mechanistic insights are lacking. Here the authors use single cell RNA and TCR sequencing to profile peripheral blood and mucosal cells from infected patients to report alterations in macrophage differentiation and T cell gene signature that may contribute to persisting H. pylori infection.

In a prespecified interim analysis of the randomized, double-blind phase 3 COMPASSION-15 trial, patients with advanced HER2-negative gastric/GEJ cancer treated with the anti-PD-L1/CTLA-4 bispecific Ab cadonilimab plus chemotherapy showed significantly improved overall survival compared with patients treated with placebo plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment.

At single-cell resolution, Tarkhov et al. delineate stochastic and co-regulated components of epigenetic aging, revealing a simultaneous loss of regulation at the epigenetic and transcriptional levels in aging.

Neural mechanisms underlying sex-dependent conditioned pain hypersensitivity are not fully understood. Here authors found that a neural circuit from the medial preoptic area to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray mediates context-dependent pain hypersensitivity in male, but not female, mice, which requires activation of testosterone signaling.

Wildfires are becoming increasingly frequent in several regions around the world due to climate change, posing serious health risks, especially for respiratory diseases. This study examines the respiratory health risk and burden of wildfire-specific PM_2.5 pollution across eight countries and territories.

The authors demonstrate that the response of the flexural vibrations of twisted bilayer graphene can be hysteretic depending on the angle between the lattices of the layers, finding that the quality factors of the vibrations are enhanced compared to untwisted bilayers.

Herpes simplex encephalitis caused by HSV-1 is a common viral encephalitis with severe symptoms and poor prognosis. Here, the authors developed a new 3D human neurovascular unit (NVU) model in vitro that allows to probe the neuropathogenesis and therapeutics of HSV-1-associated encephalitis.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

Closed pores govern sodium-ion storage performance of hard carbon negative electrodes. Here, authors link pore mouth size evolution of the closed pores to the solvation structure and propose design principles for optimizing both closed pores and intrinsic defects.

Semi-synthesis of artemisinin has been achieved by autooxidation of dihydroartemisinic acid (DHAA), but DHAA supply relies on chemical synthesis from artemisinic acid. Here, authors report the identification of dihydroartemisinic acid dehydrogenase from Artemisia annua and its engineering for DHAA bioproduction in yeast.

Persistent infections force the host to develop compensatory mechanisms to prevent organ damage, which are collectively called disease tolerance. Here authors show in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa murine infection model that an alginate-itaconate metabolic interplay, creating metabolic synchrony between the host and the pathogen plays a role in mitigating harmful inflammation.

Lampreys are jawless vertebrates that can offer unique insights into vertebrate evolution. Here they generate a comprehensive cell atlas of the lamprey, uncovering 70 distinct cell types across 14 tissues, and identify pancreas-like cells in the lamprey small intestine.

NatD is an acetyltransferase responsible for N-α-terminal acetylation of the histone H4 and H2A and has been linked to cell growth. Here the authors show that NatD-mediated acetylation of histone H4 serine 1 competes with the phosphorylation by CK2α at the same residue thus leading to the upregulation of Slug and tumor progression.

In a phase 1/2 trial in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), followed by a phase 2 trial in an EGFR-mutant selected population, treatment with the TROP2-targeting antibody–drug conjugate sacituzumab tirumotecan led to encouraging clinical response rates, especially in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC, which was supported by mechanistic data.

Evaluating the off-target effect is crucial for ensuring the safety of CRISPR–Cas9-based technologies. Duan, Gao and Zhang et al. developed TOPO-seq, a method to capture and evaluate DNA topology-regulated off-target activity of Cas9-based genome-editing tools.

Long-term stability is a key challenge for ruthenium-based oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. Here, the authors present a RuO2/LiCoO2 catalyst with dynamic Li dissolution, which weakens the covalency of the Ru-O bond to prevent the lattice oxygen mechanism, thereby ensuring stable acidic OER.

The authors assess the current and future burden of mental and behavioural disorders across Australia. They show that high temperatures contributed 1.8% of Australia’s mental and behavioural disorder burden in the 2010s with expected increases to 2.4–2.8% by the 2050s and highlight the need for both adaptation and mitigation.

The treatment of poorly differentiated thyroid cancer and anaplastic thyroid cancer remains challenging. Here, the authors perform multi-omic analysis of thyroid samples and identify proteomic clusters associated with distinct tumour microenvironment features.

The compact Cas12f enzyme exhibits obvious delivery advantage for gene editing, but its activity remains suboptimal. Here, the authors have designed and optimized circular guide RNA (cgRNA) for Cas12f, which significantly improves the efficiency of gene activation and adenine base editing.

The authors introduce SelectID, an approach combining CRISPR-guided targeting with methylation-sensitive labeling to identify proteins interacting with methylated repetitive sequences. They suggest that CHD4 directly binds young LINE-1 retrotransposons, suppressing their activity.

Cas9d employs a unique RNA-coordinated structural module for precise DNA targeting. Structure-guided engineering on both Cas9d and its sgRNA achieved a smaller, high-fidelity CRISPR system with robust activity, advancing genome-editing applications.

It is unclear which intestinal epithelial cell-derived cytokines can precisely regulate intestinal stem cell (ISC) commitment toward specific mature cells. Here, authors identify an epithelial-derived FGF1 driving ISC toward goblet cells.

The core circadian transcription factor BMAL1 regulates circadian-dependent myocardial injury.

The authors propose a matrix plainification strategy to eliminate lattice vacancies in the Cu2Se matrix of the Cu2Se/SnSe composites, resulting in obvious improvement in carrier mobility and power factor, obtaining a high figure of merit of 3.3.

The authors present a reference genome for Hordeum I-genome species. This work unravels genomic features that drive adaptation to salt and alkali environments and could aid in improving crop resilience.

Hydrogels are of increasing interest in the materials community, but precise control of mechanochemistry is still challenging. Here, the authors report the use of a tensegrity architecture to prepare hydrogels with favourable properties.

A millimetre-scale bioresorbable optoelectronic system with an onboard power supply and a wireless, optical control mechanism is developed for general applications in electrotherapy and specific uses in temporary cardiac pacing.

Nodes in a quantum network must be able to interface with photonic qubits as well as perform local quantum computations. The quantum node device presented here is capable of storing quantum information and correcting bit-flip errors.

This study introduces a ChickenGTEx atlas of regulatory variants across 28 tissues and illustrates its utility in deciphering association signals for 39 complex traits in chickens.

Using operando electrochemical processes, we found a way to restore oxygen-redox active materials exhibiting structural and voltage decay to their pristine state, providing a framework for the design of functional materials with zero thermal expansion.

This study utilizes Stereo-seq to comprehensively map the geospatial architecture of breast cancer, revealing venular niches that promote immune infiltration and better clinical outcomes, offering new insights into tumor microenvironment regulation.

The authors present a photocatalytic method to selectively oxidize glycerol to hydroxypyruvic acid over rubidium–iridium catalytic pairs on poly(heptazine imides) under visible-light illumination.

Sun et al. report human lifespan changes in the brain’s functional connectome in 33,250 individuals, which highlights critical growth milestones and distinct maturation patterns and offers a normative reference for development, aging and diseases.

After target binding, PIWI proteins undergo a conformational change from ‘open’ to ‘locked’, facilitating base pairing and enhancing target cleavage efficiency, providing insights into how dynamic conformational changes from PIWI coordinate cofactors to safeguard gametogenesis.

An interfacial catalytic polymerization strategy is able to turn nature-derived compounds into high-quality membranes for reverse osmosis, challenging traditional approaches for membrane production that use toxic amine-based monomers.

This Protocol describes optimized procedures for purification and sequencing of small noncoding RNAs from a variety of samples to characterize these diverse RNA species and map them to the parental RNAs from which they originate.