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Ying, Paulson and collagues have developed an open-source framework, Biolearn, to harmonize and systematically evaluate 39 aging biomarkers across diverse populations, enabling standardized validation and facilitating development of robust aging biomarkers.

Zhang, Huang, Wang, Long et al. report that NAT10 enhances serine uptake and biosynthesis in an ac4C-dependent mechanism, thereby promoting stemness and progression in acute myeloid leukaemia.

Zhang et al. show that the activation of RIPK1 is suppressed by acetylhypusination in a spermidine-dependent manner. Disruption of this axis contributes to RIPK1-mediated vascular pathology to promote insulin resistance and diabetic kidney pathology.

A modular nanobody-based approach assembles combination vaccines by stably attaching diverse antigens to hepatitis E virus-like particles, preserving native immunogenicity and inducing broad protection against respiratory pathogens.

Whole-exome sequencing analyses in a cohort of 2,140 participants with female infertility after recurrent in vitro fertilization, coupled with functional analyses, identified genes associated with oocyte and early embryo competence defects.

Tracking the success rate of clinical drug development is key for pharmaceutical and economic decision making. Here, the authors establish a strategy enabling dynamic measurement of the success rate using public data and generate an online platform.

Rice indica varieties have higher nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) than that of japonica varieties. Here, the authors show that natural variation of OsWRKY23 and its interaction with DULL NITROGEN RESPONSE1 (DNR1)-mediated auxin accumulation play a role in NUE divergence between the two rice subspecies.

During vectorial protein translation, native interactions are temporarily unsatisfied. Here, authors introduce “Native Fold Delay”, integrating protein topology with translation kinetics to quantify the resulting delays in co-translational folding which may result in protein aggregation.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

Using scanning tunneling microscopy and qPlus based non-contact atomic force microscopy, this work directly visualized the aggregation of specific number of alkali metals in promoting the activation and reaction of CO₂ on copper surfaces.

At single-cell resolution, Tarkhov et al. delineate stochastic and co-regulated components of epigenetic aging, revealing a simultaneous loss of regulation at the epigenetic and transcriptional levels in aging.

Direct methane oxidation to C2+ with O₂ is impeded by tough C–H activation and uncontrolled coupling. Here, Fe-(μ-O)-Zn dual-atom sites on ZSM-5 enable efficient photocatalytic acetic acid production at ambient temperature and pressure.

Non-oxidative alkene dehydrogenation is hindered by side reactions like cracking, iso- or polymerization, or alkyne formation. Here the authors report a Pd/TiO2 photocatalyst decorated with Ni single sites for selective ethane to ethylene production under simulated solar light conditions with high yields.

Inhibition of AMPK activation under low glucose conditions in oligodendrocyte precursor cells is shown to be important for myelination during development and remyelination in neuronal disorders.

Barnett et al. disentangle the differential contribution of mitochondrial complex I- and complex III-derived ROS to astrocytic function, with CIII-derived ROS being a major driver of neuroinflammatory responses.

DISC1 attenuates Zika virus infection and congenital Zika syndrome by promoting autophagy via AMPK-mTOR signaling and is implicated in ZIKV-induced long-term neurological deficits.

Quality control for epigenomic datasets requires robust ground truths. Here, authors generate genome-wide quantitative methylation reference datasets from the publicly available Quartet DNA reference materials, which could serve as a resource for the standardised benchmarking of emerging technologies.

Insects colonized with Metarhizium fungi emit longifolene to lure new hosts for infection to disperse spores. A fungal strain was engineered to emit longifolene to attract and eliminate mosquitoes.

Achieving complete coverage of 2-4 μm pyramids on industrial fully-textured silicon with solution processed perovskite film remains challenging. Here, authors spray-coat alumina particles on silicon for near-conformal deposition of perovskites, achieving efficiency of 32.74% for tandem solar cells.

C10, a potent non-nucleoside inhibitor targeting NSP14’s SAM-binding pocket, suppresses viral translation, exhibits immunostimulatory effects, and reverses NSP14-induced transcriptome alterations, offering promise for broader coronavirus treatment.

Batch effects in MS-based proteomics pose important challenges in protein quantification, and the optimal stage for batch-effect correction remains elusive and crucial. Here, the authors, through benchmarking using reference standards and simulated data, demonstrate that protein-level batch correction is most robust in MS-based proteomics.

Typical quantum error correcting codes assign fixed roles to the underlying physical qubits. Now the performance benefits of alternative, dynamic error correction schemes have been demonstrated on a superconducting quantum processor.

This study presents prime-editing-based inversion with enhanced performance, a prime editing-based system that enables efficient and precise genomic inversions from kilobase to chromosome scale, offering a powerful tool for chromosomal engineering, disease modeling and studying three-dimensional genome architecture.

NatD is an acetyltransferase responsible for N-α-terminal acetylation of the histone H4 and H2A and has been linked to cell growth. Here the authors show that NatD-mediated acetylation of histone H4 serine 1 competes with the phosphorylation by CK2α at the same residue thus leading to the upregulation of Slug and tumor progression.

The thyroid plays an important role in pregnancy and body temperature maintenance, and both ambient temperature and thyrotropin levels have been reported to associate with risk of preterm birth. Here the authors report that in a nationwide cohort from China biothermal stress during each trimester was associated with increased risks of preterm birth, with synergistic interactions with preconceptional thyrotropin abnormalities.

This study presents ECloudGen, which uses latent diffusion to generate electron clouds from protein pockets and decodes them into molecules. The adopted two-stage training expands the chemical space accessible to generative drug design.

Atomic precision Au clusters show biocompatibility and characteristic emission in the NIR region and find various applications in biosensing and imaging. Here, the authors demonstrate stable and highly dissymmetric circularly polarized emission in both visible and NIR regions from cholesteric liquid crystals overlaid on a uniform Au cluster film.

The biological clock model LifeClock predicts biological age across all life stages from routine clinical data, revealing distinct pediatric and adult disease risk patterns.

Vapour-phase methods are promising for nanomaterial synthesis but the vaporization of different precursors for the synthesis of a broad nanomaterial space is challenging. Here electrified vapour deposition generates ultrahigh-temperature, high-flux atomic vapour at atmospheric pressure to rapidly vaporize diverse precursors, enabling the synthesis of multi-elemental nanomaterials with uniform compositions and tunable structures.

Authors identify and characterize 16 endo−1,3-fucanases within the GH168 family sequence space, unveiling a recognition mechanism for sulfate polysaccharides. These findings can promote the application of endo−1,3-fucanases for the development of sulfated fucans.

Green and sustainable ⁹⁰Sr uptake is urgently needed for radionuclides remediation. Here the authors propose an efficient strategy based on the electrochemically switched ion exchange (ESIX) method to enhance ⁹⁰Sr uptake using the electroactive ion exchange material.

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) supports the circular economy and energy sustainability, yet its application is limited by high operating temperatures and coke formation. Here, the authors introduce a concentrated-solar catalytic DRM strategy that overcomes these challenges.

Rab5 GTPases deliver RopGEF8 from endosomes to the pollen plasma membrane, establishing polarity for germination. This crosstalk between trafficking and signalling GTPases is crucial for the reproductive success of flowering plants.

Copper isotopes in the martian mantle are heavier than those in chondritic precursors, indicating that sulfides extracted isotopically light copper into the core during planetary differentiation. This process resulted in a sulfur-poor mantle and a sulfur-rich core, accounting for the observed depletion of chalcophile elements in the mantle. Isotopic evidence and modeling further reveal the history of martian differentiation, providing new insights into the early evolution of Mars.

Experimental measurements of high-order out-of-time-order correlators on a superconducting quantum processor show that these correlators remain highly sensitive to the quantum many-body dynamics in quantum computers at long timescales.

Desmocollin 2 (DSC2) binds to the EBV glycoprotein H/glycoprotein L complex and allows for virus entry to epithelial cells, which could be blocked by DSC2-specific antibodies. DSC2 allowed for virus entry independent of Ephrin receptor A2.

In a prespecified interim analysis of the randomized, double-blind phase 3 COMPASSION-15 trial, patients with advanced HER2-negative gastric/GEJ cancer treated with the anti-PD-L1/CTLA-4 bispecific Ab cadonilimab plus chemotherapy showed significantly improved overall survival compared with patients treated with placebo plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment.

Uranium extraction is necessary to power nuclear reactors, though it is challenging to extract uranium from seawater. Here the authors design a polyacrylonitrile-polyethyleneimine adsorbent to extract uranium from seawater.

A super-pangenome analysis incorporating 123 newly sequenced bryophyte genomes reveals that bryophytes exhibit a larger number of unique and lineage-specific gene families than vascular plants.

Infectious diseases can cause acute seizures. Here the authors investigate their long-term impact on the risk of epilepsy for older adults. They find that hospital-treated infectious diseases have a lasting impact on the development of epilepsy in older age, and that cardiovascular risk factors may exacerbate this impact.

The authors show that deep brain stimulation (DBS) inhibits local neural activity via differential suppression of glutamate and GABA release, and they developed a chemogenetic therapy as a less invasive, cost-effective alternative to electrical DBS.

Lampreys are jawless vertebrates that can offer unique insights into vertebrate evolution. Here they generate a comprehensive cell atlas of the lamprey, uncovering 70 distinct cell types across 14 tissues, and identify pancreas-like cells in the lamprey small intestine.

The commercialization of perovskite solar cells has been impeded by lead toxicity and environmental leakage risks. Here, the authors incorporate a cellulose material into perovskite crystal to suppress lead leakage, achieving an optimal efficiency of 26.27% in environmentally stable devices.