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Zhang et al. show that the activation of RIPK1 is suppressed by acetylhypusination in a spermidine-dependent manner. Disruption of this axis contributes to RIPK1-mediated vascular pathology to promote insulin resistance and diabetic kidney pathology.

Under low-protein conditions, decrease of protein NUFIP1 is found to impair DNA damage response and induce necroptosis in the intestine, thereby contributing to intestinal inflammation in male mice with inflammatory bowel disease.

The authors show that NAT10 is upregulated with T cell antigen receptor signaling and that T cell-specific NAT10 deficiency results in diminished numbers of naive T cells, translating to an inability to mount a significant antiviral T cell response.

Zhang, Huang, Wang, Long et al. report that NAT10 enhances serine uptake and biosynthesis in an ac4C-dependent mechanism, thereby promoting stemness and progression in acute myeloid leukaemia.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) establishes chronic infection in human, but the underlying mechanistic insights are lacking. Here the authors use single cell RNA and TCR sequencing to profile peripheral blood and mucosal cells from infected patients to report alterations in macrophage differentiation and T cell gene signature that may contribute to persisting H. pylori infection.

Adult zebrafish possess the ability to regenerate injured hearts through a complex orchestration of molecular and cellular activities. Here, the authors present a single cell and spatially-resolved atlas of the regenerating zebrafish heart, which serves as a valuable resource for research on heart regeneration.

The genomic epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii, which is rising in virulence and multidrug resistance, was explored. This study examined bloodstream infection isolates from Chinese patients in 2011–2021, revealing increased genetic diversity and dominance of highly virulent ST208.

Interferon-γ (IFNγ)-activated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMK2) phosphorylates phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) at serine 337 (S337), enabling glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) interaction, promoting α-ketoglutarate-dependent PHD3-mediated GPX4 proline 159 (P159) hydroxylation and stabilizing GPX4 to counteract ferroptosis.

Wildfires are becoming increasingly frequent in several regions around the world due to climate change, posing serious health risks, especially for respiratory diseases. This study examines the respiratory health risk and burden of wildfire-specific PM_2.5 pollution across eight countries and territories.

This study elucidates that d-galacturonic acid and d-glucuronic acid regulate apple fruit softening by repressing MdHb1 expression through the MdMYB2/MdNAC14/MdNTL9-MdHb1 regulatory module, offering new insights into postharvest fruit quality control.

In Drosophila and mouse models of cancer cachexia, Liu et al. show that tumour-derived cytokines induce hepatic gluconeogenesis, which in turn leads to dysregulation of metabolism and drives cancer cachexia.

Long-term stability is a key challenge for ruthenium-based oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. Here, the authors present a RuO2/LiCoO2 catalyst with dynamic Li dissolution, which weakens the covalency of the Ru-O bond to prevent the lattice oxygen mechanism, thereby ensuring stable acidic OER.

The role of KLF10 in exercise-mediated anti-obesity effects is not clear. Here, the authors show that exercise-induced adipose KLF10 interacts with FOXO1 and recruits KDM4A to transactivate lipolytic genes, which defends against obesity in male mice.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

This study demonstrated that different types of HC-Pros from potyviruses exhibit varying capacities to inhibit HEN1. This results in distinct levels of autophagic AGO1 degradation, which in turn leads to differences in RNA silencing suppression efficiency.

In a prespecified interim analysis of the randomized, double-blind phase 3 COMPASSION-15 trial, patients with advanced HER2-negative gastric/GEJ cancer treated with the anti-PD-L1/CTLA-4 bispecific Ab cadonilimab plus chemotherapy showed significantly improved overall survival compared with patients treated with placebo plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment.

Rapid, high-density labelling methods for multiplexed live cell imaging remain scarce. Using NHS-ester fluorescent dyes, the authors use multiplexed superresolution imaging to perform pan-membrane-protein labelling of mammalian cells. The study sheds light on membrane topology dynamics and cell-cell interactions.

This study utilizes Stereo-seq to comprehensively map the geospatial architecture of breast cancer, revealing venular niches that promote immune infiltration and better clinical outcomes, offering new insights into tumor microenvironment regulation.

In this contribution, the electrocatalytic hydrogen oxidation activity and CO resistance capability of Pt clusters are enhanced through the combination of the electron delocalization effect, which allows W3O/WC to share electrons with Pt clusters, and the oxygen spillover effect.

Evaluating the off-target effect is crucial for ensuring the safety of CRISPR–Cas9-based technologies. Duan, Gao and Zhang et al. developed TOPO-seq, a method to capture and evaluate DNA topology-regulated off-target activity of Cas9-based genome-editing tools.

Controlling Li nucleation and growth is crucial to avoid dendrite formation. Here, Li₂S(111)@Cu is used as Li metal electrode substrate, where a substrate-dependent Li nucleation process and a facet-dependent growth mode are identified, enabling dense Li deposition and improved battery performance.

Here, the authors show that GalNAc-T3 and T7 regulate furin cleavage of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein via O-glycosylation. This influences viral assembly and infection, highlighting glycosylation as a host defense mechanism.

Efficient electron extraction in photoelectrocatalysts requires matching energy levels between semiconductors and catalysts. Here, the authors show this matching enhances electron extraction from copper oxide by combining platinum nanoclusters and iron single-atom catalysts.

In this work, authors describe a Group Association Model (GAM) that detects genotype phenotype associations in microbial drug resistance; refined with the machine learning, it identifies features for predictive modelling, reducing cross-resistance artifacts and potentially improving treatment decisions.

The cobalt-catalyzed intermolecular reductive coupling of alkenes and alkynes is attractive due to the unique reactivity and cost-effectiveness of cobalt catalysts. Here, the authors report an asymmetric desymmetric reductive coupling of electronically unbiased succinimide-containing cyclobutenes with internal alkynes via photoredox and cobalt dual catalysis.

Duan, Hu, Han, Lei, Wang et al. report that ADSL-mediated production of fumarate suppresses STING activation and impairs T cell and NK cell infiltration, thereby facilitating immune evasion in breast cancer.

Copper-mediated SEC14L3 activates the ERK/YY1/FDX1 axis to promote cuproptosis and suppress hepatocellular carcinoma progression.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

Acute myeloid leukaemia(AML) modifies the bone marrow(BM) microenvironment, impacting hematopoiesis. Here, the authors demonstrate that AML-modified BM endothelial progenitor cells(EPC) remodelling supports normal hematopoiesis after complete remission and this process is improved by the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC).

The site-specific DNA inversion system is a versatile tool for genetic engineering. Here, authors developed a multiplexed DNA inversion system, Rci51-5/multi-sfxa101, in eukaryotes, facilitating promoter substitution for metabolic engineering applications.

Characterization of HIV infection at the cellular level is important to understand the molecular forces maintaining the latent reservoir and productive infection in T cells. Here authors describe the pathways that are governing these T cell states across the T lineage via a humanized mouse model allowing precise labeling of the HIV-infected cells coupled to single cell RNA sequencing.

This study introduces a ChickenGTEx atlas of regulatory variants across 28 tissues and illustrates its utility in deciphering association signals for 39 complex traits in chickens.

High-temperature fuel cells often face bulk cracking due to insufficient fracture strength and stiffness. Here, the authors show that chemical hydration enhances cathode mechanical properties, significantly improving thermal cycling stability and overall performance in proton ceramic fuel cells.

Trained on a cohort of 45,064 cases and validated on data acquired from mobile computed tomography scanners deployed in rural China, a lung cancer screening deep learning model is shown to outperform existing lung cancer risk scores.

Adipose-secreted SERPINA3C in exercised dams protects their offspring from high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders by promoting KLF4-mediated anti-inflammatory effects in adipose tissue.

Liu and colleagues examine how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants evade CD8⁺ T cell epitope recognition.

In this work, authors present a supramolecular fluorescent sensor array that enables the accurate discrimination of intracellular bacteria, also demonstrating that this can be modified as a host-guest drug delivery system to combat these bacteria.

Evaluating the short-term exposure to wildfire-specific fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) showed greater risks of hospitalization for all major respiratory diseases than non-wildfire PM_2.5. When developing air quality guidelines, it is also important to consider that PM_2.5 from varying sources can have different health effects, which require targeted health and environmental policy approaches.