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Repetitive head impacts from contact sports are associated with brain inflammation, vascular damage and neuron loss that are independent of hyperphosphorylated tau pathology.

Low-metallicity molecular clouds in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies exhibit a strong deficiency in turbulent support against their self-gravity, suggesting that the magnetic field may play a dominant role in supporting clouds under such conditions.

Sunlight-harvesting materials require the clean integration of light-absorbing and catalytic components to be efficient. Here, authors link silicon photoelectrodes and molybdenum sulfide catalysts with defect-free gallium nitride nanowire to improve photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution.

Passive daytime radiative cooling presents a promising low-cost refrigeration solution but has thus far relied on specialized nanophotonic structures. Here Bhatia et al. show a directional approach that decouples solar reflectance and infrared emission to achieve superior cooling performance.

By utilizing an AI-accelerated silicon photonic slow-light technology, researchers demonstrate a record 400 Gbps/λ PAM-4 transmission based on pure silicon modulators, paving the way for next-generation optical interconnects in computing centers.

Ancient DNA can reveal evolutionary and demographic history of a region. Here, the authors analyze ancient human DNA from ShanDong, China to reveal two waves of gene flow from Yellow River populations in the DaWenKou (6-4 kBP) and early dynastic (3.5-1.5 kBP) periods.

This work introduces GLORI 2.0 and 3.0, enabling sensitive m⁶A quantification from RNA inputs as low as a few hundred cells.

Ancient DNA, stable isotopes and other archaeological methods establish that humans were living at extremely high elevation on the Tibetan Plateau 4,400 years ago, maintaining sedentary lifestyles that combined fishing, hunting and crop exchange.

Reaching the depths of the respiratory tract is hard even with vapor-based drug delivery. Here, the authors devise inhalable biohybrid microrobots that, thanks to their motility, reach deeper regions of the lungs.

Developed on cytology images of hydrothorax and ascites from 57,220 cases at four hospitals, a deep-learning model shows high accuracy in tumor origin prediction and presents prognostic value when patient treatment is consistent with the cancer origin predicted by the model.

This study reveals the transition of move and evolve strategies and their interaction with niche opportunity and trait innovation throughout the diversification of the grape family—a globally distributed plant group originated in the Cretaceous.

Activated GBP5 binds to STAT1, facilitating its nuclear translocation, which induces STAT1 transcription and cytokine production, ultimately promoting innate lymphoid cell expansion and exacerbating inflammation.

A process based on perovskite semiconductors is described to downscale micro-LEDs and nano-LEDs to below the conventional size limits, demonstrating average external quantum efficiencies maintained at around 20% across a wide range of pixel lengths.

Colonoscopy is the most commonly used tool to screen for colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, the authors develop a deep learning model to perform optical diagnosis of CRC by training on a large data set of white-light colonoscopy images and achieve endoscopist-level performance on three independent datasets.

Green spaces are known to help cool cities, but they contribute humidity while reducing heat—and both matter. Using smart sensors mounted on bicycles, this study finds that daytime temperature reductions in urban green spaces are largely offset by humidity increases but that urban vegetation causes a net reduction in humid heat at night.

After generating a dataset on plumage colouration for over 4,500 bird species, the authors show that tropical species are more colourful than temperate species, confirming a long-held but difficult-to-prove belief.

The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mosaicism across different tissues and cells within individuals.

The charge carrier polarity and concentrations in an emissive perovskite semiconductor can be adjusted by incorporating a molecular dopant widely used for the passivation and structural control of optoelectronic perovskite materials.

Polo-like kinase 3 (Plk3) has a tumor suppressive role through the induction of apoptosis, however, the mechanism underlying its activation is unclear. Here, in pancreatic cancer, the authors show that activation of Plk3 is dependent on its cleavage into p41Plk3, by the metalloendopeptidase nardilysin.

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the main cause of hypothyroidism. Here the authors develop a deep learning model for diagnosis of HT on a large multi-site dataset including image and video data.

Programmable silicon nanophotonic processor empowers optical neural networks.

Human fibroblasts are reprogrammed to generate blastocyst-like structures called iBlastoids, which recapitulate aspects of embryo implantation.

A subcutaneous injection of a glucose-responsive formulation of insulin that does not trigger the formation of a fibrous capsule leads to week-long normoglycaemia in mice and minipigs with type 1 diabetes.

Microglia associated with Aβ plaques may have a distinct transcriptional signature compared to those in plaque-free areas of the brain in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) models. Here the authors show that amyloid plaque phagocytosis is associated with a specific microglia transcriptional signature in a mouse model of AD.

The gut microbiome plays an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis and predictive microbiome signatures have been proposed for colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis. Here the authors perform a meta-analysis of 16S rRNA-based profiles to identify microbial markers able to discriminate patients with adenoma from control and CRC, building a model that can be applied for the early detection of CRC.

The tunability of electronic properties is a central goal of research into topological semimetals. Here, the authors report Weyl nodal ring states in the magnetic semimetal EuGa₄ and link the nodal ring state to the observed large non-saturating magnetoresistance.

Epigenetic markers are potential biomarkers for diabetes and related complications. Here, the authors identify CpG sites associated with kidney function and its subsequent decline using both single-site and multisite analyses, which are shown to have functional significance in the kidney.

Low complexity (LC) domains can drive the formation of both amyloid fibrils and protein droplets. Here, the authors identify reversible amyloid cores from the LC of hnRNPA1, based on which they elucidate the structural basis of reversible fibrillation and its interplay with hnRNPA1 droplet formation.

Pseudouridine (Ψ) is an important modification in RNA biology and mRNA vaccine. A method called PRAISE was developed via selective labeling of Ψ by bisulfite to induce nucleotide deletion signature during reverse transcription, thus realizing quantitative assessment of the Ψ landscape in the human transcriptome.

Two-dimensional materials are promising platforms for the realization of an excitonic insulator state. Here the authors report evidence for an excitonic insulator in a single-layer ZrTe2 based on ARPES measurements.

The dark surface of Mercury can be explained by <1 wt% of microcrystalline graphite and similar amounts of Fe⁰. Low-reflectance materials may be secondary crust and carbon was not completely drained from the mantle during early differentiation.

Vegetation productivity in the Northern Hemisphere has increased under climate change since the 1980s. However, the correlations between productivity and summer temperature are projected to decrease by the end of the century, with implications for the magnitude of the terrestrial carbon sink.

Understanding loss mechanisms in superconducting circuits is crucial for improving qubit coherence. Here the authors use a multimode resonator to study loss mechanisms in thin-film superconducting circuits and demonstrate on-chip quantum memories with lifetimes exceeding 1ms, using Ta thin-films and high-temperature substrate annealing

Heterogeneous shock impedances of planetary materials cause abrupt changes of ejection angles, forming non-radial ejecta. Interpretations for provenances of surface deposits and ages derived from crater counts are affected by such untrackable ejecta.

The stacked and brittle 2D layered structure of molybdenum disulphide limits its practical application in lithium ion batteries. Here, authors report a dewetting-induced manufacture strategy to create the interpenetrating network and induce the pseudocapacity to improve the electrochemical performance.

An analysis of subsoil structure using lunar regolith penetrating radar at the Chang’E-6 landing site indicates a distinct 2-layer structure, and when compared with Apollo mission data, suggests a link between regolith maturity and electromagnetic properties.

Space weathering of graphite yields unnoticeable reflectance changes over 40 Earth years on the surface of Mercury, according to the time-series remote-sensing images acquired during the MESSENGER mission.

Self-secondary impact craters are rare on Mars relative to airless bodies and are almost absent in layered ejecta deposits, according to satellite observations of Martian surface geology which suggest the two deposit types form largely contemporaneously.