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The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Cut-seq1, Cut-seq2, DeepCut and CLOVE-seq methods find optimized single-guide RNAs to detect a large number of rare variants in cells.

PARP inhibitors, either alone or in combination with bevacizumab, have regulatory approval as maintenance therapy following response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Here this group reports SOLACE2 trial investigating whether combining olaparib with low dose cyclophosphamide treatment improves progression-free survival, comparing to olaparib monotherapy alone, in platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer.

Deciphering body-brain communication pathways is key to a deeper understanding of brain physiology and pathology. Here, the authors define the astrocyte endfoot proteome and show dynamic vascular-to-astrocyte signaling relevant to human neuropathology.

Performance of solid-state triplet fusion upconversion films is enhanced by surface plasmons, intensity threshold is reduced by a factor of 17 and external quantum efficiency is enhanced by a factor of 19. A white-emitting organic light-emitting diode featuring upconverted blue emission—rather than blue electroluminescence—is demonstrated, with a colour rendering index of up to 86.2.

Embedding non-porous MXene film into metal thin films can achieve unprecedented shielding performance, which can be used to protect electronic components and equipment from electromagnetic noise.

A high-resolution transcriptomic and epigenomic cell-type atlas of the developing mouse visual cortex from embryonic to postnatal development is presented, providing a real-time dynamic molecular map associated with individual cell types and specific developmental events.

Plasmid-mediated transmission plays a significant role in the spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales. Here, analyzing 1,115 carbapenemase-producing plasmids from Singapore, the authors suggest that maintenance of conserved genomes adapted for stable propagation across multiple species, enables evolutionarily successful carbapenemase plasmid genotypes to achieve hyperendemicity in the population.

The study finds coherent spin waves, generated by ultrafast laser pulses, drive antiferromagnetic domain walls (DWs) in Sr₂Cu₃O₄Cl₂ at a record  ~50 km/s. DW propagation direction is controllable via laser helicity and DW winding number, explained by in-plane magnon mode-induced dynamics unique to easy-plane anisotropy magnets.

Florfenicol amine hijacks intrinsic resistance in Mycobacterium abscessus, highlighting that antimicrobial resistance mechanisms can be harnessed for antibiotic activation.

The study shows that time-dependent diffusion MRI detects subtle axonal changes in brain injury by identifying structural signatures of diffusive dynamics of water along axons, bridging cellular-level alterations with millimeter-scale imaging.

The role of mosquito saliva proteins in viral infection remains incompletely understood. Here, the authors show that sialokinin facilitates viral dissemination while suppressing immune response and inflammation in chikungunya virus-infected mice.

Observations of multi-temperature stellar eruptions from EK Draconis reveal a solar-like yet complex view of stellar coronal mass ejections. Such frequent, powerful events on the young Sun may have shaped Earth’s early atmosphere.

Crystal structures of HIV Env trimer with native glycosylation in complex with neutralizing antibodies reveal a glycan shield of high-mannose and complex-type N-glycan and indicate a path for germline-targeting vaccine design.

Cell type labelling in single-cell datasets remains a major bottleneck. Here, the authors present AnnDictionary, an open-source toolkit that enables atlas-scale analysis and provides the first benchmark of LLMs for de novo cell type annotation from marker genes, showing high accuracy at low cost.

mRNA vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2 also sensitize tumours to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Here, the authors report recent updates to the ENCODE data portal including a redesigned home page, an improved search interface, custom-designed pages highlighting biologically related datasets and an enhanced cart interface for data visualisation plus user-friendly data download options.

As presented at the ESMO Congress 2025: Results of the phase 2/3 AGITG DYNAMIC-III trial show that de-escalated chemotherapy based on ctDNA-negative status in patients with stage III colon cancer did not meet non-inferiority for 3-year recurrence-free survival when compared to standard of care, although it enables better informed treatment decisions.

Oxidative catalytic depolymerization of polystyrene (PS) can produce benzoic acid, but the annual consumption of benzoic acid is ~40 times lower than PS, so benzoic acid should be converted to higher-volume chemicals for the process to be viable. Here, the authors report a hybrid chemical and biological process that uses PS as feedstock for production of adipic acid, a high-volume co-monomer for nylon 6,6, via benzoic acid.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Pathogenic variants in UNC13A underlie a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome, with three subtypes defined by distinct genotypes with varying clinical and functional impacts characterized in cellular and animal models.

The hunt for a quantum spin liquid has involved many different material families and models. Now, Zn-barlowite has been found to have similar behaviour to another candidate material, herbertsmithite, hinting there may be universal physical behaviour.

The authors find that TDP-43 loss of function—the pathology defining the neurodegenerative conditions ALS and FTD—induces novel mRNA polyadenylation events, which have different effects, including an increase in RNA stability, leading to higher protein levels.

Here, the authors find that relative abundances of stress-sensitive gastrointestinal microbes at age 2 years predicts internalizing symptoms in middle childhood through altered emotion-related brain network connectivity.

General-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations coupled with general-relativistic radiation transfer of a wide class of black hole spacetimes forecast the ability of future VLBI projects to distinguish between black hole images.

Whole genomes of 185 atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) isolates reveal 30 LEE (locus of enterocyte effacement) subtypes in 3 major lineages, varying in insertion site preference and their complement of non-LEE encoded effector genes.

The authors assess the impacts of tropical deforestation and its subsequent local warming on human heat-related mortality. They estimate that deforestation-related warming (+0.27 °C) is associated with approximately 28,000 heat-related deaths per year.

An iontronic tip-sensing guidewire measures haemodynamic and contact pressure in animal stenosis models and can be integrated with commercial workhorse guidewires.

Analysis of the longest-lived mammal, the bowhead whale, reveals an improved ability to repair DNA breaks, mediated by high levels of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein.   

Genomic deletions in poxviruses are not well understood, the authors found large deletions in >2% of Mpox virus genomes during routine surveillance, highlighting their role in poxvirus evolution and potential impact on diagnostics and therapeutics.

This multi-omic longitudinal analysis of the healthy human peripheral immune system constructs the Human Immune Health Atlas and assembles data on immune cell composition and state changes with age, including responses to cytomegalovirus infection and influenza vaccination.

Metal-directed assemblies of helical peptides have emerged as chiral biomimetic materials, but examples of dynamic helical peptides are rare, despite their ability to adopt multiple conformations. Here the authors report the coordination-driven assembly of a dynamic helical β-pentapeptide into metal peptide frameworks with silver ions.

Experimental measurements of high-order out-of-time-order correlators on a superconducting quantum processor show that these correlators remain highly sensitive to the quantum many-body dynamics in quantum computers at long timescales.

The authors present ARPES measurements on the triple-layer cuprate superconductor Bi₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_10+δ. They find that, although the doping level of the inner CuO₂ plane is extremely low in under-doped samples, the d-wave superconducting gap is enhanced at the antinode and persists well above T_c without a Fermi arc, indicating a “nodal metal”.

The interactions of CAR-T cells and solid tumors are modeled on a chip.

A nanoparticle-based microfluidic assay enables rapid sterility testing of biopharmaceuticals, such as those derived from human mesenchymal stem cells and T cells, by detecting microbial contamination within 18 h.

Viruses generally have compact genomes, resulting in many viral mRNAs with short 5’ untranslated regions. An antiviral complex exploits this feature of viral mRNAs to selectively inhibit viral protein synthesis and repress viral replication.

Watt, Dauber, Szkop and colleagues find that H3K4me3 remodels 5′UTR selection in hypoxia and that this process is independent of HIF-1 transcriptional mechanisms.

Proteins in the fungal plasma membrane are key antifungal targets but their native structure and spatial distribution are poorly understood. Here, Jiang et al. use proteomics and cryo-electron tomography to investigate the organisation of membrane proteins in the fungal plasma membrane and how this is affected by antifungal drugs.

JWST data show that the exoplanet WASP-18b has thermally distinct regions of its dayside. The authors mapped the sizes of these regions, measured their temperatures and potentially identify water destruction in the hottest region.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Neutralising antibody levels are an important correlate of protection for pre-exposure prophylaxis against COVID-19, but it can be difficult to account for immune evasion of emerging virus variants. Here the authors present a variant-adjusted threshold of protection model, developed and validated with data from two clinical trials, which can be used to infer efficacy against any SARS-CoV-2 variant.

Here the authors present a method to transform polygenic scores into disorder probabilities using only GWAS summary statistics, genotype data and a prior - no tuning sample is needed. The method enables individualized, well-calibrated predictions.

The authors identify AgcT as the glycosyltransferase required for synthesis of Bacteroides fragilis-derived α-galactosylceramides (BfaGCs), metabolites known to regulate natural killer T cells, and its structural homologue BgsB that synthesizes α-glycosyl diacylglycerols (aGDGs). They establish a functional link between the production of BfaGCs or aGDGs and the activity and development of natural killer T cells.