Search

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a role in energy expenditure but its thermogenic activities differ between sexes. Here, the authors show that PGC-1α enhances mitochondrial function and BAT thermogenesis in females by promoting phospholipid synthesis and enhancing estrogen signaling.

Despite the widespread application for primary amines as nucleophiles, the potential for facile deaminative functionalization using primary amines, particularly sterically hindered α-tertiary amines, has remained less explored. Herein, the authors report catalytic direct synthesis of aliphatic diazenes from sterically hindered α-tertiary amines.

Balancing EBM and Ikigai in Aging Hearts The figure highlights how the 5Ms of geriatrics guides patient-centered decision-making. EBM evidenced based medicine

Using more than 100 independent iPSC lines derived from patients with Alzheimer’s disease, the authors discovered loci associated with the neuronal production of amyloid β and confirmed their influence using RNA interference.

A total of 1074 patients with a history of ischemic stroke enrolled in The Recurrent Stroke Prevention Clinical Outcome (RESPECT) Study were assigned to intensive blood pressure (BP) control group (blood pressure < 120/80 mmHg) or standard blood pressure control group (blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg) and were followed up for a mean of 3.9 years. Seventy-eight first recurrent strokes occurred, including 70 ischemic stroke and 8 intracerebral hemorrhage. Intensive treatment did not change annual risk of ischemic stroke (1.74% vs. 1.75%, P = 0.999), but markedly reduced risk of hemorrhagic stroke (0.00% vs. 0.39%, P = 0.005). Beneficial effect of intensive BP control were observed for risk of hemorrhagic stroke in the patients with a history of ischemic stroke.

Plant-specific Dof proteins simultaneously recognize AAAG nucleobases and a nearby minor groove, enabling directional expansion of the major groove for tandem sequence binding. This mode allows CDF1 to regulate the CONSTANS promoter in photoperiodic flowering.

A major source of genetic heterogeneity is derived from single base-pair alterations in the DNA sequence. The presence of these single-nucleotide polymorphisms can be measured and analyzed, and can potentially be used, therefore, to investigate genetic heterogeneity, to identify disease-associated variants and, in the future, to develop tailored clinical approaches for individual patients with rheumatic diseases.

Chalcone synthase is the first committed enzyme in the plant flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, yet shows low product specificity in vitro. Here Waki et al. show that chalcone isomerase-like proteins bind to and reduce the catalytic promiscuity of chalcone synthase, ensuring efficient flavonoid production in planta.

Elongation of acenes with linearly fused benzene rings is a synthetic challenge. Now, the use of a metal–organic framework enables the synthesis of polymeric precursors, which undergo thermal transformation to form polyacenes.

Salt chemotaxis behaviour inCaenorhabditis elegansis partly dependent on previous experiences of starvation. In this study, the authors show that this learned behaviour is due to experience-dependent plasticity in a subset of gustatory neurons.

Hidewaki Nakagawa and colleagues identify three new genetic loci associated with prostate cancer in Japanese.

Using large magnetic fields to drive domain walls in nanowires causes precessional motion, which reduces the velocity. The Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction is shown to circumvent this problem by inducing soliton-like magnetic domain wall motion.

Although sodium is an abundant element that can be electrochemically and reversibly extracted from and inserted into layered materials, the resulting reversible capacity for storing energy remains low. A manganese–iron–sodium-based electrode is now shown to exhibit a reversible capacity of 190 mAh g⁻¹ due to electrochemically active Fe³⁺/Fe⁴⁺ redox reactions.

Ishikawa and colleagues perform integrated genomic and drug-sensitivity screens with extensive PDX modeling and reveal combined XIAP and BCL2 inhibition as a vulnerability hub across AML genetic alterations.

More than 170 genetic loci have been linked to prostate cancer risk, primarily based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in European population. Here, the authors performed a GWAS on a Japanese cohort of prostate cancer patients, finding 12 new susceptibility loci, and identifying a polygenic risk for Japanese prostate cancer.

Myopic maculopathy is a complication of myopia that often progresses to blindness. Here, in a genome-wide association study, Hosoda et al. find that rs11873439 intronic to CCDC102B is associated with myopic maculopathy, but not with myopia, thus representing a risk factor independent of myopia.

Myopia is a significant and increasing public health concern. Here Miyake et al. conduct a genome-wide association study and identify WNT7Bas a susceptibility gene across different ethnic groups, suggesting a possible role in the development of myopia.

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is a common genetic disorder in Europeans. Here Setohet al. perform a genome-wide association study of AAT serum levels in a Japanese population and find three missense variants in the metabolism genes ALDH2, HNF1A and GCKR.

How β-AR signaling coordinates epigenetic and transcriptional pathways is unknown. Here the authors show that cold-induced β-AR signaling negatively regulates MYPT1-PP1β phosphatase activity to orchestrate both pathways for beige adipogenesis.

Some neurites in developing C. elegans interneurons are eventually pruned. Which exact neurites are subject to pruning appears to be random, suggesting an ongoing local competition between pro- and anti-pruning signals. Hayashi and colleagues show that Wnt signaling through the transmembrane receptor kinase CAM-1/Ror protects developing neurites from being pruned.

Studies on the genetics of rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, have identified multiple polymorphisms related to disease susceptibility. The findings on rheumatoid arthritis-associated genes are reported in this Review, which focuses on the differences in the frequency of polymorphisms between various ethnic groups.

Advanced colorectal cancers are characterised by intra-tumour heterogeneity dictated by neutral evolution. Here the authors analyse early colorectal tumours by whole-exome sequencing and find that Darwinian evolution determines the fate of early lesions in colorectal adenoma and carcinoma in situ.

Multimodal single-cell profiling reveals heterogeneity of colonic CD8⁺ T cells in patients with ulcerative colitis, including expansion of a chronically activated IL-26-expressing subpopulation with innate-like features.

Lingulid brachiopods possess calcium phosphate shells. Here, the authors sequence the genome of Lingula anatine to show that Lingula is evolutionary close to molluscs, but distant from annelids, and identify the genomic background of Lingula’sunique biomineralization mechanism.