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Analysis of the longest-lived mammal, the bowhead whale, reveals an improved ability to repair DNA breaks, mediated by high levels of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein.   

A population genomic analysis of 1,854 Listeria soil isolates collected across the contiguous United States identifies geographically prevalent phylogroups with increased pangenome openness and recombination, as a result of adaptation to variable environments.

Genome-wide analysis in individuals of African ancestry identifies a nonsense variant in CD36 associated with increased risk of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), partly accounting for the higher incidence of DCM in African-ancestry populations.

Zeng et al. show that TDP-43, known for repressing cryptic exon usage in frontotemporal dementia/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also controls alternative polyadenylation, impacting expression of disease-linked genes (SFPQ, NEFL and TMEM106B).

Current bacterial sgRNA activity models struggle with accurate predictions and generalizations. Here the authors report crisprHAL, a machine learning architecture that can be trained on existing datasets, and shows good sgRNA activity prediction accuracy can generalize predictions to different bacteria.

Cryo-EM structures of the stabilized prefusion conformation of the glycoprotein B ectodomain—the HSV-1 entry machine—identify a prefusion-specific neutralizing antibody and reveal how prefusion glycoprotein B may evade antibody-mediated neutralization.

Zhao et al. generated models from whole blood gene expression to predict amyotrophic lateral sclerosis case-control status and combined gene features with clinical variables to predict survival, both validated in an external independent dataset.

Here the authors develop a novel statistical method for quantifying mutation burden from whole genome sequencing data and use it to discover the genetic, genomic, and phenotypic correlates of clonal hematopoiesis without known driver genetic lesions.

Here, the authors report that Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence in Drosophila is not immediate upon infection, but instead it is acquired through a priming process elicited by N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG) that involves a morphological switch.

In this study, authors show that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drives 63% of dengue case variation via rising local temperatures. They estimate future cases may increase by 39–82% due to increasing ENSO events under human-induced warming.

The joint analysis of datasets from NOvA and T2K, the two currently operating long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, provides new constraints related to neutrino masses and fundamental symmetries.

How changes in species’ native occupancy over time relate to global naturalization success remains unclear. Here, the authors show that species with both high occupancy decades ago and increasing native occupancy ever since are more likely to become naturalized elsewhere.

An efficient quantum thermal simulation algorithm that exhibits detailed balance, respects locality, and serves as a self-contained model for thermalization in open quantum systems.

Polygenic risk scores can help identify individuals at higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Here, the authors characterise a multi-ancestry score across nearly 900,000 people, showing that its predictive value depends on demographic and clinical context and extends to related traits and complications.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

Natural products and their synthesis have always fascinated organic chemists, frequently providing the inspiration and testing ground for new synthetic methods. This Review considers examples of natural products that were prepared first synthetically and predicted to be natural products prior to their isolation from nature.

Multi-omics can be used to characterise tumour and immune cell populations. Here the authors use multi-omics to characterise CLL blood and tissue samples and use prediction models for CLL TCR specificity and implicate interactions between galectin-9 and TIM3 as involved in CLL immune escape and propose galectin-9 as a possible immunotherapy target.

Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of cells and matrix along the fibrotic trajectory in mouse lung identified PI16 as an anti-fibrotic factor with potential for therapeutic application in humans.

Recently, the increased capabilities in generating pulsed optical fields that are rigidly transported in linear media without diffraction or dispersion has opened the path to realisation of 3D optical skyrmionic structures. Here, the authors demonstrate 3D-localized optical merons by imprinting polarization textures onto the momentum-energy space of ultrafast light pulses.

Here, a combination of forward genetics and genome-wide association analyses has been used to show that variation at a single genetic locus in Arabidopsis thaliana underlies phenotypic variation in vegetative growth as well as resistance to infection. The strong enhancement of resistance mediated by one of the alleles at this locus explains the allele's persistence in natural populations throughout the world, even though it drastically reduces the production of new leaves.

The intrinsic robustness to perturbations makes antiferromagnets ideal building blocks for spintronic devices, however, it also manipulation and detection of antiferromagnetic ordering difficult. Here, Xu et al demonstrate an anisotropic tunnelling magnetoresistance in an all-antiferromagnetic tunnel junction.

Here the authors use a range of approaches to examine the interplay between genetic variants linked to risk for polygenic skin diseases and transcription factors (TFs) important for skin homeostasis. The findings implicate dysregulated binding of specific TF families in risk for diverse skin diseases.

This study presents a framework combining theory and super-resolution imaging to uncover how chromatin-lamina interactions reorganize the genome across diverse microenvironments and regulate cell identity through molecular mechanisms.

Weldy et al. show that smooth muscle expression of the RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 regulates activation of the double-stranded RNA sensor MDA5 in a novel mechanism of atherosclerosis.

Molecular mechanisms associated with human germ cell aplasia in infertile men remain undefined. Here the authors perform single-cell transcriptome profiling to highlight differentially expressed genes and pathways in each somatic cell type in testes of men with idiopathic germ cell aplasia.

Identifying genes involved in MYC-driven lymphoma reveals therapeutic vulnerabilities. Here, the authors show by using CRISPR knockout screens in primary cells in vivo that the GATOR1 complex suppresses MYC-driven lymphomagenesis, and that GATOR1-deficient lymphomas are sensitive to mTOR inhibitors.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Expanding the complexity of genetically encoded peptides is a long-standing challenge at the intersection of chemistry and biology. Now it has been shown that linear peptides with a reactive N-terminal β- or γ-keto amide can be synthesized ribosomally and elaborated to generate atropisomeric and/or macrocyclic peptides with embedded pharmacophores.

A large-scale atom-array architecture enables coherent continuous operation of more than 3,000 physical qubits, where new qubits can be introduced without destroying existing quantum information encoded in the system.

Artificial spin ices are composed of a honeycomb lattice of nanoscale magnets. Depending on the orientation of the magnets in the lattice, the spin ice can host high or low effective magnetic charge at each vertex. Here, Guo et al use neutron spin echo spectroscopy to show that these magnetic charges exhibit sub-ns relaxation times, analogous to bulk spin-ices.

Here the authors show that lung epithelial, fibroblast, and endothelial cells retain an imprint of influenza A infection, including increased MHCI/II expression and that re-infection is quickly controlled by a localized antiviral response acting before memory T cells are required.

Accurate cell-type identification is vital for single-cell analysis. Here, the authors develop a computational pipeline called “LungMAP CellRef” for efficient, automated cell-type annotation of normal and disease human and mouse lung single-cell datasets.

Here the authors reveal via whole genome sequencing of an East Asian AD cohort a common variant locus (APCDD1), rare noncoding variants in excitatory neurons, and short tandem repeat expansions, suggesting a cumulative effects model for Alzheimer’s risk.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

The phase transitions of rare earth nickelates have attracted intensive study as they arise from the complex interplay of charge, spin and lattice degrees of freedom. Here Guo et al. present evidence that LaNiO₃ has an unanticipated magnetically ordered metallic phase.

Petroni et al. report that the infiltration of IL-17A-secreting γδ T cells in the tumor microenvironment coupled with the accumulation of immunosuppressive macrophages is associated with resistance to CDK4/CDK6 inhibition in HR⁺HER2⁻ breast cancer.

A wearable hydrogel-based electrochemical platform is presented for on-demand hydrogen gas therapy, enabling localized gas generation, storage and sustained delivery. This device offers a therapeutic modality for treating ischemia–reperfusion heart disease and skin bedsores, expanding bioelectronics applications in gas-phase chemical delivery.

A mass-spectrometry-based approach to identify E. coli targets of ppGpp finds 56 putative targets including enzymes involved in nucleotide synthesis, such as PurF, which is directly inhibited by ppGpp, regulating adenosine and guanine nucleotide synthesis.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

A stable plasma state with a high ratio of plasma to magnetic pressures is likely to be a key requirement for any future magnetic fusion reactor. Here, the authors create such a plasma using a field reversed configuration and active plasma boundary control and demonstrate its stability.

Parity-time symmetry breaking and related non-Hermitian phenomena, such as high-order exceptional points, have attracted significant interest across various experimental platforms. Here the authors demonstrate a third-order exceptional point induced by parity-time symmetry breaking in a dissipative trapped ion.

Olfactory deficits occur early in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, the authors identify that loss of locus coeruleus axons in the olfactory bulb underlies impaired olfaction in an AD mouse model and provide translational evidence for similar deficits in humans.

Alterations in lipid metabolism and circulating lipid species have been reported in patients with acute critical illness. Here the authors show that selective rise in systemic phosphatidylethanolamine levels is a common feature of critical illness that associates with worse clinical outcomes.

Global land cover conversions increased carbon uptake during 1982 to 2019, with newly established forests in the Northern Hemisphere driving gains that counterbalanced emissions from tropical deforestation.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulates the extracellular composition of the central nervous system (CNS), but it is not known whether its properties differ across CNS regions. Here, the authors show in mice that the BBB exhibits regional specializations, and that such specializations can be important for the function of specific neural circuits.

Climate change is transforming the water cycle and impacting the availability of food and water—effects that are most severe in low- and middle-income countries, where they can impact child mortality substantially. Analyses of rainfall patterns indicate that although increased annual rainfall is associated with improved child survival, these benefits depend on seasonal stability and the absence of extreme weather events.

Time-series data from tropical forests tracking weather and declines in arthropod diversity and function show that fluctuations in species were largely dependent on their El Niño sensitivity and ecological specialization.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis study of blood lipid levels in roughly 1.6 million individuals demonstrates the gain of power attained when diverse ancestries are included to improve fine-mapping and polygenic score generation, with gains in locus discovery related to sample size.