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Experimental measurements of high-order out-of-time-order correlators on a superconducting quantum processor show that these correlators remain highly sensitive to the quantum many-body dynamics in quantum computers at long timescales.

Typical quantum error correcting codes assign fixed roles to the underlying physical qubits. Now the performance benefits of alternative, dynamic error correction schemes have been demonstrated on a superconducting quantum processor.

New evidence from five randomized trials suggests that withholding β-blockers after myocardial infarction (MI) is safe for carefully selected, low-risk patients. However, even if β-blockers are not required to treat ventricular dysfunction, hypertension or arrhythmias, it might still be wiser to continue treatment during the vulnerable period immediately after MI and withdraw treatment several months later.

This systematic review and meta-analysis provides an updated assessment of the efficacy and safety of intravenous iron therapy in patients with heart failure and iron deficiency, incorporating the results of the newly conducted FAIF-HF2 trial.

The isolation of dental proteins from fossils deposited 1.5 million to 18 million years ago in the Turkana Basin in Kenya, a tropical region, demonstrate the promise of dental enamel for palaeoproteomic and evolutionary studies.

Here authors show that machine learning derives the degree of background retinal pigmentation with more nuance than self-described ethnicity. Retinal pigment scores are associated with genes linked to melanin and may improve algorithmic fairness.

Terrestrial ecosystem productivity is widely accepted to be nutrient limited. A series of standardized nutrient addition experiments, carried out on grasslands on five continents, suggests aboveground grassland productivity is commonly limited by multiple nutrients, including potassium and micronutrients.

Conceptually and in practice cardiac dyssynchrony is complex. In this Review, Cleland et al. discuss the results of atrio-biventricular pacing trials, and examine how this pacing can improve cardiac synchrony in many patients and whether cardiac resynchronization is indeed the mechanism by which atrio-biventricular pacing exerts its effects.

A comparative analysis of head-regeneration capacity across planarian species in a phylogenetic context reveals multiple Wnt-dependent transitions in head-regeneration ability and proposes Wnt functions in the reproductive system as possible evolutionary drivers.

Remotely sensed NDVI data and contemporary field data from 84 grasslands on 6 continents show increasing divergence in aboveground plant biomass between sites in different bioclimatic regions.

Shor’s quantum algorithm factorizes integers, and implementing this is a benchmark test in the early development of quantum processors. Researchers now demonstrate this important test in a solid-state system: a circuit made up of four superconducting qubits factorizes the number 15.

Quantum entanglement is one of the key resources required for quantum computation. In superconducting devices, two-qubit entangled states have been used to implement simple quantum algorithms, but three-qubit states, which can be entangled in two fundamentally different ways, have not been demonstrated. Here, however, three superconducting phase qubits have been used to create and measure these two entangled three-qubit states.

The ability to coherently switch a state between two systems is a key requirement for quantum information processing. Such control is now demonstrated by shifting the quantum state of a microwave photon between any one of three superconducting-circuit resonators: in analogy to the classic three cups and a ball game.

MCL-1 is an anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family member and is frequently upregulated in cancer, but the mechanism by which it promotes cell survival has been elusive. Opferman and colleagues provide insight into this process by showing that MCL-1 exists in different forms with discrete localizations and functions. MCL-1 variants targeted to the outer mitochondrial membrane antagonize BAX and BAK activation, whereas an N-terminally truncated isoform localizes to the mitochondrial matrix and regulates mitochondrial metabolism.

It remains unclear whether exotic and native species are functionally different. Using a global grassland experiment, Seabloomet al. show that native and exotic species respond differently to two globally pervasive environmental changes, addition of mineral nutrients and alteration of herbivore density.

Pulmonary and peripheral oedema are fundamental features of heart failure; however, clinical data for optimal management of these conditions are lacking. In this Review, Clark and Cleland describe the pathophysiology of both types of cardiogenic oedema and discuss how knowledge of the pathophysiology can guide treatment.

Quantum mechanics provides an accurate description of a wide variety of physical systems but it is very challenging to prove that it also applies to macroscopic (classical) mechanical systems. This is because it has been impossible to cool a mechanical mode to its quantum ground state, in which all classical noise is eliminated. Recently, various mechanical devices have been cooled to a near-ground state, but this paper demonstrates the milestone result of a piezoelectric resonator with a mechanical mode cooled to its quantum ground state.

The superposition principle is a fundamental tenet of quantum mechanics, allowing a quantum system to be 'in two places at the same time'. Here, the preparation and measurement of arbitrary quantum states in an electromagnetic resonator is demonstrated; states with different numbers of photons are superposed in a completely controlled and deterministic manner.

A NutNet global grassland study finds that leaf N, P and K consistently respond to soil nutrient additions, but leaf morphological traits, such as specific leaf area, are inconsistent indicators of anthropogenic perturbations.

In this Review, Lakhal-Littleton and Cleland use the latest understanding of iron homeostasis to evaluate existing and emerging markers of iron status, describe the reciprocal relationship between iron status and heart failure, and mechanistically examine the benefits of oral and intravenous iron replacement therapies.

Defects in Josephson junctions are considered a nuisance when it comes to using superconducting circuits as building blocks for a quantum-information processor. But if the interaction between the circuit and defects is accurately controlled—as has been demonstrated now—the imperfections might be useful, serving as memory elements.

Two below-threshold surface code memories on superconducting processors markedly reduce logical error rates, achieving high efficiency and real-time decoding, indicating potential for practical large-scale fault-tolerant quantum algorithms.

A universal set of logic gates in a superconducting quantum circuit is shown to have gate fidelities at the threshold for fault-tolerant quantum computing by the surface code approach, in which the quantum bits are distributed in an array of planar topology and have only nearest-neighbour couplings.

Rubisco's CO₂ cofactor is involved in divalent -metal binding, activity regulation and probably also in the catalytic chemistry. Recent studies of the CO₂- and metal-binding site in the absence of phosphorylated ligands provide a structural understanding of the unusual activation mechanism.

A quantum error correction scheme is demonstrated in a system of superconducting qubits, and repeated quantum non-demolition measurements are used to track errors and reduce the failure rate; increasing the system size from five to nine qubits improves the failure rate further.

For patients with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, intravenous iron is likely to deliver clinical and prognostic benefits for those with anaemia and transferrin saturation <20%, especially if serum ferritin exceeds 100 μg/l. A serum ferritin of <100 μg/l does not appear to be useful as a marker of iron deficiency.

In a multicenter, randomized trial, the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin improved the health status and exercise function of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a condition for which effective treatments are lacking.

A new trial suggests that pirfenidone, an approved treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, may also reduce myocardial fibrosis in patients with heart failure who have a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.

Defibrillators, with or without cardiac resynchronization therapy, can reduce the rate of sudden death. However, shocks are unpleasant, often unnecessary, and can damage myocardium or defibrillator leads, thereby increasing morbidity and mortality and detracting from the benefits of this therapy. Conservative programming of devices may reduce such risks.