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Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

The neural substrates of anxiety are poorly understood. Here authors show that VMH αCaMKII⁺ neurons reduce anxiety when stressed. Ghrelin receptor GHS-R1a inhibits these neurons, promoting anxiety. Targeting GHS-R1a may help treat anxiety disorders.

This study utilizes Stereo-seq to comprehensively map the geospatial architecture of breast cancer, revealing venular niches that promote immune infiltration and better clinical outcomes, offering new insights into tumor microenvironment regulation.

Many thrombolytic agents depend on plasminogen, leading to D-dimer accumulation. Here, Tang et al. report a plasminogen-independent thrombolytic enzyme that degrades blood clots and D-dimer without plasminogen.

The yin–yang codec transcoding algorithm is proposed to improve the practicality and robustness of DNA data storage.

Balancing stretchability with electrical properties is a challenge for organic electrochemical transistors. Here, the authors develop an all-gel network structure for effective ion transport and stretchability.

The authors observe out-of-plane ferroelectric polarization induced by interlayer sliding in a multiferroic van der Waals semiconductor. The switching voltage scales down to 0.3 V at room temperature, which promises low-power device applications.

The authors present a feasible strategy of anion-induced strain engineering to regulate the lattice structure and properties of super-elongated BiFeO₃ epitaxial films, revealing the correlations among lattice distortion, local electronic hybridization, and multiferroic properties.

The authors discover oldhamite (CaS) in Chang’E-6 lunar soils. Through thermodynamic calculations, the authors suggest a potentially large-scale, high-energy impact event with an S-rich asteroid or involving lunar S-rich mantle-core excavation to be responsible for the formation of oldhamite.

This study highlights the role Polar regions as a limiting factor in global sustainability due to teleconnection effects, and then propose a SDG target, key indicators, and emphasize Indigenous inclusion and global action.

Li-rich oxides face challenges such as voltage decay and slow kinetics due to irreversible anionic reaction. Here, authors activated the Ni-t2g orbitals through generating superexchange interactions via Be doping. By triggering the reduction coupling mechanism, the reversibility and kinetics of the anionic reaction are effectively improved.

Heterogeneous single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer high atom utilization and well-defined active sites but face challenges in multi-stage cross-couplings due to limited coordination and reactivity. Here, the authors introduce SACs on reducible carriers, enabling adaptive coordination to bypass oxidative addition in cross-couplings.

Aumolertinib is a third generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, approved for use in patients with advanced EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, the authors report a phase 2 clinical trial investigating neoadjuvant aumolertinib in patients with unresectable stage III EGFR-mutant NSCLC.

Conventional methods for nanoparticle cluster formation involve surface functionalization, which can alter the properties. Here, the authors propose a non-disruptive strategy to position nanomaterials of different shapes between nanosheets without the need for pre-modification.

Cerebellar ataxia, a hallmark of cerebellar degeneration (CBND), is driven by mitochondrial dysfunction in Purkinje cells. In this study, transplanting mitochondria into CBND mice improve mitochondrial function, reduce mitophagy, and reduce ataxia.

Honeybee behavioral plasticity provides a model to study how brain gene networks regulate behavior. Here, authors show stripe activation in Kenyon cells links gene regulatory networks to behavioral maturation via spatial-cellular coordination.

A gene-edited pig liver transplanted into a human recipient remains functional after 10 days and indicates that porcine organs could help meet the growing demand for liver transplants.

It is extremely difficult to separate tritium from radioactively contaminated water. Here the authors introduce catalytic hydrogen isotope exchange to water distillation, realizing excellent detritiation performance.

Urban heritage embodies the tension between preservation and dynamism. Focusing on historic sections of Singapore and using archives, fieldwork and machine learning, this study finds that color is an evolving part of the sociocultural ecology of a city and its heritage.

Long-term stability is a key challenge for ruthenium-based oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. Here, the authors present a RuO2/LiCoO2 catalyst with dynamic Li dissolution, which weakens the covalency of the Ru-O bond to prevent the lattice oxygen mechanism, thereby ensuring stable acidic OER.

Glycogen phosphorylase kinase (PhK) initiates glycogen degradation by phosphorylating glycogen phosphorylase (GP), positioning itself at the core of glycogenolysis. Here, the authors utilize cryo-EM to elucidate the mechanisms by which human PhK is regulated by phosphorylation and calcium ions, and reveal its binding mode with the substrate GP.

A challenge in the selective functionalization of ubiquitous C-H bonds is to increase the turnover numbers (TONs) for catalytic C-H functionalization reactions, and the selective functionalization of less reactive primary C-H bonds. Here, the authors report iridium porphyrin-catalysed asymmetric carbene insertions into primary N-adjacent C–H bonds, with up to 99% ee and product TON > 1000000.

Precise regulation of the phytohormone gibberellin to optimal levels may not only confer alkali–thermal tolerance to Green Revolution rice varieties but may also further enhance their yield, and ATT2, by enabling the fine-tuning of gibberellins, is expected to be a potential new post-Green Revolution gene.

The role of KLF10 in exercise-mediated anti-obesity effects is not clear. Here, the authors show that exercise-induced adipose KLF10 interacts with FOXO1 and recruits KDM4A to transactivate lipolytic genes, which defends against obesity in male mice.

Strongly correlated systems exhibit universal dynamics near phase transitions, from particle to condensed matter physics. However, despite the successes of various theoretical approaches, systematic treatments of fluctuations are scarce. Here the authors unveil a universal damping of pseudo-Goldstone modes in systems with approximate symmetries, advancing our understanding of near-critical dynamics in several contexts.

The high performance of two-dimensional (2D) channel membranes is generally achieved by preparing ultrathin or forming short channels with less tortuous transport through self-assembly of small flakes. Here, the authors report the construction of vertical channels in graphene oxide membranes based on a substrate template with asymmetric pores demonstrating high flux and metal ion rejection.

The GEMS satellite’s hourly measurements enhance the accuracy of surface O₃ estimation, leading to lower O₃ concentrations and a reduction in O₃-related deaths, particularly in rural regions, revealing overestimated mortality in previous assessments.

The oxygen evolution reaction is crucial for renewable energy technologies but limited by low activity. Here, authors show that high-entropy alloys can enhance the oxygen evolution reaction by activating the lattice oxygen mechanism through multi-path electron transfer, particularly in nickel.

Traditional bromine chemistry uses Br₂, which is environmentally unfriendly and wasteful. Here, the authors design a scalable electrochemical route to synthesize Br-substituted molecules using NaBr over Co₃O₄ under mild conditions and with high selectivity.

Yang et al. developed a new method, BEPH, a foundation model trained on TCGA WSI images. BEPH improves cancer recognition, classification, and survival prediction across subtypes, potentially reducing reliance on expert annotations.

Cas9d employs a unique RNA-coordinated structural module for precise DNA targeting. Structure-guided engineering on both Cas9d and its sgRNA achieved a smaller, high-fidelity CRISPR system with robust activity, advancing genome-editing applications.

Cerebrospinal fluid circulating tumor DNA profiling had prognostic value in a cohort of 584 patients with lung cancer and central nervous system metastases, and could be used to inform personalized therapies.

This paper shows that nano-enabled dehydrogenation catalysis in biological systems induces a domino effect, including reductive stress, immunosuppression and tumour metastasis.

Electrocatalytic semi-hydrogenation of alkynes offers a viable route for the synthesis of Z-alkenes, yet it falls short in achieving the semi-deuteration of these compounds. Here, the authors report an electrochemical cobalt-catalyzed transfer deuteration reaction that yields Z-configuration deuterated alkenes.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

This study reveals that E. coli lipoate-protein ligase A (LplA) exhibits reversible phase separation and forms condensates in cells, which can be specifically regulated by small molecules, offering chemical tools for synthetic biology and biomedicine.

Organic semiconductors suffer from low optical damage thresholds, limiting their use in applications. Here the authors bypass this limit by utilizing spectrally tailored gain from stimulated emission to amplify molecular vibrations in organic semiconductors for efficient Raman lasers.

Stimulating endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation offers a promising approach for treating cardiac injuries. Here, the authors demonstrate that Foxk1 and Foxk2 promote heart regeneration by enhancing cardiomyocyte proliferation through cell cycle activation and metabolic reprogramming, presenting potential therapeutic targets for ischemic heart disease

A quantum microsatellite, with a payload weighing only 23 kilograms, in combination with portable ground stations that weigh merely 100 kilograms, is capable of performing space-to-ground real-time quantum key distribution.

Jia et al. uncover a molecular mechanism based on the balance of nitrate-sensitive protein–protein interaction between ferredoxins ZmFd4 and ZmFd9, together antagonistically targeting ZmNiR enzymes, thus regulating NO₃^– assimilation in maize.

This study reports an adsorption-independent O₂ activation pathway for superior ¹O₂ electrosynthesis via an O₂ mono-hydrogenation process on compressive-strained rutile TiO₂. The compressive-strained TiO₂ suppresses the formation of reductive unsaturated sites for O₂ adsorption and enhances the reductive ability of atomic hydrogen, thereby enabling direct O₂ hydrogenation into free ^•OOH without the O₂ adsorption.

The authors present a photocatalytic method to selectively oxidize glycerol to hydroxypyruvic acid over rubidium–iridium catalytic pairs on poly(heptazine imides) under visible-light illumination.

Abnormal T cell proliferation often triggers autoimmune disorders. Here the authors show that T cell-specific deficiency of the enzyme N-acetyltransferase 10 ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalitis potentially by RACK1-mediated regulation of T cell metabolism and expansion.