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A computational null model is proposed to study the gender and racial diversity-association effects in academia. Researchers’ early training in diverse environments is strongly correlated with nurturing diverse groups in the established period.

The reaction between Criegee intermediates and water vapour greatly impacts atmospheric chemistry and climate, yet its dynamics remain poorly understood. Now it has been shown that syn-CH₃CHOO reacts with water vapour at rates much higher than previously estimated, through a roaming mechanism that enhances reactivity and challenges conventional understanding of atmospheric OH radical production.

The α6β4 receptor has been considered an appealing therapeutic target for pain. Here, the authors determined the structures of α6β4 bound with its agonists, nicotine and tebanicline, providing molecular insights into its function.

Here, by analyzing 306481 microbial genomes from human-associated microbiomes, the authors reveal a largely unexplored biosynthetic landscape of ribosomal peptides (RiPPs), identifying protective peptides that obstruct pathogen biofilms and regulate gut microbiota in disease models, underscoring their significant therapeutic potential.

This study introduces a ChickenGTEx atlas of regulatory variants across 28 tissues and illustrates its utility in deciphering association signals for 39 complex traits in chickens.

Waste lithium-ion batteries and low-density polyethylene plastics present environmental issues. Herein, the authors demonstrate a synergistic pyrolysis approach for efficient and selective lithium extraction and upgrading of transition metal-carbon composites.

Here, the authors provide structural and mechanistic insights into psilocybin biosynthesis enzymes, encompassing L-tryptophan-specific decarboxylase PsiD, 4-hydroxytryptamine kinase PsiK, and methyltransferase PsiM. The antidepressant properties of psilocybin intermediates in mice are evaluated.

In a multicenter, open-label, randomized phase 2 trial, neoadjuvant chemoradiation with PD-1 blockade elicited a pathological complete response rate superior to that with neoadjuvant chemoradiation alone in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

Criegee intermediates are pivotal in atmospheric chemistry, yet their cationic forms remain poorly understood. Here, the authors present infrared spectra of cationic Criegee intermediates, specifically syn- and anti-CH₃CHOO⁺, using vacuum ultraviolet photoionization coupled with IR photon dissociation spectroscopy.

Developing efficient catalysts for artificial photosynthesis brings promise but challenges for limited light absorption and sluggish H₂O oxidation. Here, the authors report an indium-organic framework heterostructure that facilitates the conversion of CO₂ and H₂O into HCOOH and H₂O₂ under sunlight.

Engineered kill-switch-encoding Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects, elicits immune responses and is cleared from immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice, providing a model of controlled tuberculosis infection.

The design of highly permeable polyamide (PA) membrane capable of precise ionic sieving remains challenging. Here, the authors report an anhydrous interfacial polymerization on the solid-liquid interface to eliminate water-caused side reactions, leading to a PA layer with an ionic sieving accuracy of 0.5 Å.

While solid-state batteries offer higher energy densities than liquid-based batteries, such devices require effective ion conduction pathways. Here, authors prepare porous organic cages as solution-processable catholytes that are enable excellent performances from various cathode active materials.

A large range of inert and non-defective sites in catalysts is a primary factor impeding catalyst activity in acidic CO₂ electroreduction. Here, the authors achieve high HCOOH selectivity and activity in acidic electrolyte by introducing tensile strain to activate inert sites.

The gut microbiota bacterium Ruminococcus gnavus is implicated in the development of cirrhotic liver encephalopathy through the production of neurotoxins.

For battery electrolytes, addressing their safety often leads to compromised electrochemical properties. Here, the electrolyte formulation is not only non-flammable but also supports excellent performance in both K-ion and Li-ion cells.

Pluripotent stem cells depend on specialized nuclear organization for their function. Here, the authors show that DDX18 regulates nucleolar phase separation and chromatin architecture to preserve human embryonic stem cell pluripotency.

A study reveals the regulatory mechanism of Bergeyella cardium peptidase SpBcA by self-cleavage and the role of SpBcA in degrading host defense proteins and inducing cell death, elucidating peptidase-driven virulence strategies of B. cardium.

Through a joint analysis of radial velocity and astrometry, Wang et al. have discovered a putative mass-gap black hole candidate in a wide binary system. Its wide circular orbit challenges current binary evolution and supernova explosion theories.

The complexity of matching ABO blood groups presents a formidable barrier to successful transplantation. Here, the authors show that an enzymatic converted type B kidney was transplanted into a type O brain-dead recipient without hyperacute rejection.

To suppress the polysulfide shuttling effect in Li-S batteries, here the authors report a carbon/sulfur composite cathode with a wrapping layer that overcomes the trade-off between limiting polysulfide diffusion and allowing electrolyte infiltration, and affords extraordinary cycling stability.

Here they identify Tex10 as a critical regulator of male fertility and germ cell development. By fine-tuning Wnt signaling, Tex10 promotes spermatogenesis and PGC differentiation, offering potential therapeutic insights for treating male infertility.

Cell expansion at large-scale remains a big challenge in the growing field of cellular agriculture. Here, the authors present an approach for the production of muscle and adipose cell-laden microtissues using edible porous microcarriers for 3D printing of cultured fish fillets.

Nylon-12 monomers are traditionally produced through chemical synthesis and more recently by bioconversion of plant-derived lauric acid. Here, the authors report the construction of E. coli cell factory to enable de novo biosynthesis of the nylon 12 monomer ω-aminolauric acid from glucose.

Oncolytic viruses have been tested in patients with malignant glioma, however clinical efficacy remains limited. Here the authors report the results of a phase I trial of Ad-TD-nsIL12, an oncolytic adenovirus expressing a mutant (non-secreting) form of IL12, in patients with high-grade glioma.

Metabolic dysregulation in the development of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains to be understood. Here the authors identify that a carnitine synthesis enzyme BBOX1, which inhibits TBK1-mTORC1 signaling and glycolysis, is often lost in ccRCC.

scRNA-seq reveals cell differentiation and bulk RNA-seq uncovers temporal gene regulation during skeletal regeneration in Acropora muricata, jointly highlighting a critical regenerative phase and offering insights for enhancing coral resilience.

This study classifies rotator cuff tendinopathy into three distinct subtypes that include a hypoxic atrophic, an inflammatory proliferative with white appearance and an inflammatory proliferative with red appearance subtype. Using both clinical data and animal models, the research reveals that glucocorticoid is only effective in treating the latter inflammatory proliferative subtype that has the highest level of neovascularization.

An in situ-grown layer of SiO_xN_y contributes to passivating surface defects in inverted organic solar cells, enabling power conversion efficiency of up to 18.49% and an estimated device lifespan of over 16 years.

Hantaan virus is carried and transmitted by rodents and results in asymptomatic infection, yet transmission to humans’ results in symptomatic disease and development of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Here the authors explore the disparate effects in myeloid cells from mice and humans.

The pilot phase of PigGTEx, re-analyzing 5,457 published RNA-seq samples, presents a pan-tissue catalog of molecular quantitative trait loci. Cross-species comparisons identify traits with shared genetic regulation in humans.

Suspended sediments in river networks are a critical pathway for material and nutrient transport from land to the oceans, but global monitoring is challenging. Satellite records for the past three decades document an increase in sediment delivery, driven by climate and land-cover change.

Here, the authors examine the human anterior cruciate femoral and tibial entheses and identify two thin-graduated mineralization regions with distinct biomolecular compositions and mineral assembly patterns to adapt to their respective mechanical functions.

Here the authors analyzed 3.7 petavoxels of 3D imaging data from 204 mouse brains, aiming to comprehensively characterize diverse morphological and modular patterns conserved across six spatial scales of mouse brain anatomy, ranging from the whole-brain scale to synaptic levels.

The Oryza genus comprise two cultivated rice species and 20 extant wild species. Here the authors assemble genomes of 13 representative wild rice species, construct a super pangenome by integrating them with four previously reported genomes in the genus, and reveal the genome evolution and diversity within the genus.

No method exists for real-time evaluation of the status of spinal implants. Here, the authors developed a bio-adhesive metal detector array (BioMDA) that provides a wearable, non-invasive solution for positional analyses of osseous implants within the spine.

An important source of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals is from the dissociation of Criegee intermediates produced in alkene ozonolysis reactions. The dissociation dynamics of the prototypical CH₃CHOO Criegee intermediate have now been determined. Complementary experimental and theoretical studies were carried out and the translational and internal energy distributions of the OH radical products were characterized.

Drug exposure during pregnancy lacks sufficient fetal safety information world-widely. Here, the authors report the establishment a multi-center birth cohort to explore the correlation of maternal drug exposure during pregnancy with pregnancy outcomes.