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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has limited dietary treatment options. Here, the authors show that torularhodin, a microbial carotenoid, alleviates NAFLD by enriching Akkermansia muciniphila and promoting adenosylcobalamin synthesis, which reduces ceramides via HIF-2α inhibition.

Supported single atoms are promising catalysts for alkane dehydrogenation, although tuning their reactivity via active site modulation remains a challenge. Here the authors introduce an Ir₁–Cu₁ dual-atom catalyst for n-butane dehydrogenation that outperforms the corresponding Ir₁ single-atom system.

Seed size plays an important role in determining soybean yield. Here, the authors report GmSW17, encoding a homolog of Arabidopsis UBP22 that plays a role in deubiquitination, as a positive regulator of soybean seed width and seed weight through inhibition of the G1-to-S transition by interacting with GmSGF11 and GmENY2.

In the CRHCP-3 cluster-randomized trial, blood pressure reduction lowered the risk of all-cause dementia by 15% in 33,995 individuals with hypertension.

A rare variation in the promoter of qRBG1/OsBZR5 is associated with larger rice grains. OsBZR5 is found to negatively regulate grain size in rice, a biological role opposite to other OsBZR members. A regulatory module of OsGSK2–qRBG1–OsBZR1–D2–OFP1 is further revealed.

Depolymerization and transformation of lignin into aryl halides, which are indispensable chemicals in both the academic and industrial communities, remain challenging. Here, the authors report a simple and mild method for the depolymerization and halogenation of lignin, leading to the production of useful aryl halides.

ERα^vlVMH neurons mediate the inhibitory role of 17β-oestradiol on prolactin production, and this inhibition is lifted in lactating mice to promote lactation-associated metabolic adaptations.

Microsatellite-instability-high gastric cancers typically respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors, but only a small proportion of patients in the microsatellite-stable group responds. Here authors stratify these patients via a semi-supervised learning approach using multi-omics input data and functionally validate T-bet+ CD8 + T cells as crucial factor in the immunotherapy response.

MiRNAs and natural antisense transcripts can both regulate gene expression and plant development. Here, the authors show that cis-NATs to MIR398 repress processing of pri-miR398 and that cis-NAT expression is downregulated at high temperatures, contributing to miR398 mediated thermotolerance responses.

Dual targeting of BRAF and MAPK signaling in the BRAF v600E mutant colorectal cancer patients has shown limited efficacy in clinical studies. Here, the authors identify PLK1 inhibition as synthetic lethal with dual BRAF and EGFR inhibition due to loss of ferroptosis inhibition via a PLK1-CBX8-GPX4 signaling axis in preclinical models of colorectal cancer.

Induction of hypothermia during hibernation/torpor enables certain mammals to survive under extreme conditions. Here, the authors show that the natural product P57 induces hypothermia by targeting pyridoxal kinase and has a potential application in therapeutic hypothermia.

The authors present a feasible strategy of anion-induced strain engineering to regulate the lattice structure and properties of super-elongated BiFeO₃ epitaxial films, revealing the correlations among lattice distortion, local electronic hybridization, and multiferroic properties.

Ammonia electrosynthesis from nitrate reduction direct in acid is restricted by intense competition with hydrogen evolution. Here, a heterogeneous catalyst adlayer composed of multivariate covalent organic frameworks is reported to regulate the microenvironment and promote acidic nitrate reduction.

The genomic epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii, which is rising in virulence and multidrug resistance, was explored. This study examined bloodstream infection isolates from Chinese patients in 2011–2021, revealing increased genetic diversity and dominance of highly virulent ST208.

Honeybee behavioral plasticity provides a model to study how brain gene networks regulate behavior. Here, authors show stripe activation in Kenyon cells links gene regulatory networks to behavioral maturation via spatial-cellular coordination.

Reactivating adult cardiomyocyte proliferation is key to heart regeneration post-injury. Here, authors show that medium from human iPSC-derived primitive macrophages (hiPM-cm) induces adult cardiomyocyte proliferation and promotes heart regeneration.

Anxiety involves abnormal respiratory responses to emotional stimuli. Here, the authors show that CeA^GABA neurons, acting as a central hub, are instrumental in orchestrating anxiety-like behaviors and breathing patterns through the CeA-PVT and CeA-LPBN-preBötC circuits, correspondingly.

The cobalt-catalyzed intermolecular reductive coupling of alkenes and alkynes is attractive due to the unique reactivity and cost-effectiveness of cobalt catalysts. Here, the authors report an asymmetric desymmetric reductive coupling of electronically unbiased succinimide-containing cyclobutenes with internal alkynes via photoredox and cobalt dual catalysis.

Aumolertinib is a third generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, approved for use in patients with advanced EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, the authors report a phase 2 clinical trial investigating neoadjuvant aumolertinib in patients with unresectable stage III EGFR-mutant NSCLC.

Sweat sensors are important in personalized healthcare using natural oxidase to target biomolecules but these reactions are susceptible to external interference. Here, the authors report tryptophan- and histidine-treated copper metal-organic frameworks which show highly selective activity for ascorbate oxidation and can serve as an efficient ascorbate oxidase-mimicking material in sensitive sweat sensors.

Topochemical polymerization (TCP) emerges as a leading approach for synthesizing single crystalline polymers, but the untapped potential of performing TCP in a liquid medium with solid-state structural fidelity presents unsolved challenges. Here, the authors reveal details of single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation during the TCP of chiral azaquinodimethane monomers through in situ crystallographic analysis while spotlighting a rare metastable crystalline phase.

Silacyclobutanes have wide applications in ring opening and ring extension reactions, but functionalization remains challenging. Herein, the authors report visible-light-induced metal-free hydrosilylation of unactivated alkenes with hydrosilacyclobutanes.

Climate-driven warming affects the reproduction of oviparous ectotherms. Here, authors identify and characterize a VtgR-mediated heat protection mechanism for oocyte development in both mud crabs and zebrafish.

Here, the authors perform a pan-genome-based genome-wide meta-analysis of six independent GWAS experiments in rice, demonstrating the potential of this approach to increase understanding of the genetic basis of, and genes underlying key rice traits.

Here, the authors leverage whole-genome sequencing from >88,000 diverse individuals to uncover 18 BMI-related genetic signals, including novel variants in participants of African genetic ancestry, highlighting the value of diversity in genetic discovery.

This study utilizes Stereo-seq to comprehensively map the geospatial architecture of breast cancer, revealing venular niches that promote immune infiltration and better clinical outcomes, offering new insights into tumor microenvironment regulation.

By resonant excitation of an InAs quantum dot embedded in a microcavity, a deterministic single-photon source is demonstrated. Single-photon purity of 0.9795(6), photon indistinguishability of 0.9856(13), and an overall end-to-end efficiency of 0.712(18) are simultaneously obtained.

The interplay among hybrid self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) during deposition has not been well studied. Here, authors mix co-adsorbents with carbazole-based SAM material to improve the buried interface, achieving efficiency of 20.67% for wide-bandgap solar cells and 28.94% for all-perovskite tandem devices.

Far-red kinase biosensors are applied to image kinase signaling networks at super resolution.

A telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of allohexaploid bread wheat cv. Chinese Spring (CS-IAAS), along with transcriptomic and proteomic data, highlights wheat genome complexity and its structural and functional features.

Lignin valorization has long been hindered by the challenge of precisely controlling product selectivity. Here, the authors construct a robust electrocatalytic system that enables pH-driven switching between depolymerization and hydrogenation pathways with high selectivity.

Controlling the propagation of spin currents with opposite polarities in antiferromagnets has remained challenging. Now the frequency of coherently excited spin waves in a haematite-based device is shown to control the sign of the spin current.

ABA signaling is found to modulate global mRNA translation efficiency. GRP7 associates with ribosomes and directly binds to its target mRNAs. ABA suppresses GRP7&8 protein levels via its core signaling components and decreases global mRNA translation efficiency.

Relatedness of individuals is a major confounder in genome-wide association studies, and is challenging to control for in large-scale studies of traits such as longitudinal traits. Here the authors propose a scalable and accurate analysis framework to meet this challenge, and apply it to 79 electronic health record-derived longitudinal traits in UK Biobank.

The role of soil health in crop productivity and environmental sustainability is often overlooked. Using a 0.5° × 0.5° global dataset, this study shows that soil health accounts for 12% of yield variation and 22% of nitrogen use efficiency variation. Enhancing global soil health could increase yields by 7.8 Mt and cut nitrogen surplus by 8.1 Mt by 2050.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

It is extremely difficult to separate tritium from radioactively contaminated water. Here the authors introduce catalytic hydrogen isotope exchange to water distillation, realizing excellent detritiation performance.

The study reveals how bortezomib activates Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clp protease complexes. Cryo-EM structures reveal how sub-stoichiometric bortezomib binding triggers structural changes, mediates holoenzyme formation and disrupts Clp system regulation.

Baseline performance, benchmarks, and guidance for LLMs in biomedicine are limited. The authors assess four LLMs on 12 tasks, establish baselines, examine hallucinations, and provide recommendations for optimal LLM use.

Sun et al. report human lifespan changes in the brain’s functional connectome in 33,250 individuals, which highlights critical growth milestones and distinct maturation patterns and offers a normative reference for development, aging and diseases.

The authors realize the enhancement of energy storage performance of NaNbO3-based multilayer ceramic capacitors guided by phase-field simulation through the design of directional slush-like structures.

Xiangdong Fu and colleagues report characterization of a major rice grain yield QTL at the DEP1 locus.

A study finds that RUVBL2 is a conserved component of eukaryotic circadian clocks and suggests that slow ATPase activity, which was initially discovered in cyanobacteria, is a shared feature of eukaryotic clocks.

In this partially randomized clinical trial, the authors find that an orally inhaled Ad5-nCoV booster is associated with a lower incidence of symptomatic COVID-19 during the following 6 months compared with controls who haven’t received a booster. Intramuscular administered Ad5-CoV booster is associated with reduced COVID-19 incidence as well.

Polymer electrolytes are promising but are limited by narrow electrochemical window. Here, authors develop a family of in situ polymerized gel electrolytes with long term stability up to 5.0 V and develop a non-destructive life extension strategy through freezing the cells.

Solid polymer electrolytes suffer from limited ionic conductivity and poor interfacial stability for lithium batteries. Here, authors propose a fluorinated ether diluent to reduce the dipole-dipole interaction of ionic solvate with the polymer matrix and induce the formation of aggregates.

An estimate of water abundance in the lunar mantle indicates that the farside mantle is potentially drier than its nearside counterpart.