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Using a grating-based mode-splitting and reflector approach, a bidirectional chip-scale nanophotonic Kerr-resonator circuit that consumes 97% of the pump power to generate a soliton frequency comb at approaching unit efficiency with 65% conversion efficiency is reported.

Kerr resonators can support a new form of parametrically driven temporal cavity soliton (and associated optical frequency comb), with potential performance advantages that include background-free operation and the possibility of very high pump-to-comb conversion efficiencies.

Kerr frequency combs are well suited for high-capacity data transmission with phase-sensitive modulation formats. This work demonstrates error-free transmission with data rates of up to 1.44 Tbit s⁻¹, spectral efficiencies of up to 6 bit s⁻¹ Hz⁻¹ and transmission distances of up to 300 km.

There has been considerable interest in using magnons for information processing. Such ‘magnonic’ devices will require magnetic patterning analogous to the lithographic patterns of integrated circuits. Here, Levati, Vitali and coauthors present one possible approach to this, demonstrating laser induced changes in the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Yttrium Iron Garnet.

The dynamical axion quasiparticle, which is directly analogous to the hypothetical fundamental axion particle, is observed in two-dimensional MnBi₂Te₄, and has implications for quantum chromodynamics, cosmology and string theory.

Qutrits, or quantum three-level systems, can provide advantages over qubits in certain quantum information applications, and high-fidelity single-qutrit gates have been demonstrated. Goss et al. realize high-fidelity entangling gates between two superconducting qutrits that are universal for ternary computation.

Signal processing is key to communications and video image processing for astronomy, medical diagnosis, autonomous driving, big data and AI. Menxi Tan and colleagues report a photonic processor operating at 17Tb/s for ultrafast robotic vision and machine learning.

New fully integrated semiconductor laser architectures are shown to be able to generate bright and background-free picosecond solitons at GHz repetition rates in the mid-infrared range.

Photonic-crystal ring resonators (PhCRs) offer direct control of nonlinear interactions. Here, authors explore the bandgap detuned excitation regime of PhCRs where they open bandgaps mode-detuned from the pump laser, and demonstrate OPOs and microcombs with low threshold power and high efficiency.

Spin currents can be generated by passing electric currents through ferromagnets, but the process is too slow for ultrafast spintronics. Here, the authors show an approach for laser-driven thermal spin generation that has the potential to attain much higher speeds.

A nonlinear nanophotonic resonator is used to spectrally translate an electro-optic frequency comb to a controllable set of wavelengths between 600 nm and 1,050 nm, with comb properties that are advantageous for high-resolution spectroscopy preserved.

The authors introduce and demonstrate experimentally an all-optical platform in fibres for reconfigurable operations at the sub-nanosecond time scale. This paves the way towards programmable hardware for photonic computing and machine learning.

This work reports an inverse design approach that can spectrally shape Kerr microcombs by imprinting a nanophotonic dispersion filter to a microresonator to engineer solitonic frequency-comb states in the resonator with an optimization algorithm.

The imaging of magnetic domains in three-dimensional solids has been hampered by a lack of suitable methods. The authors show that Talbot-Lau neutron tomography is capable of visualizing the domain structure of an iron silicide bulk crystal.

Proximity effects in molecule/metal heterostructures offer a promising route to control magnetic properties. Here, the authors report a light-controlled proximity effect at a Co/C₆₀ interface, where laser-induced excitons in C₆₀ alter interfacial interactions, leading to a 60% quenching of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency of Co.

Nematicity, the spontaneous breaking of lattice rotational symmetry, plays an important role in kagome metals. Here, the authors report on a nematic phase within seven Kelvin below the charge density wave transition in the bilayer kagome metal ScV₆Sn₆.

In a ferromagnetic layer, an electric current parallel to the magnetization generates opposite spin–orbit torques on the two surfaces of the magnetic film, which is attributed to the generation of spin currents with a spin polarization transverse to the magnetization within the ferromagnet.

The authors report a meta-analysis of methylome-wide association studies, identifying 15 significant CpG sites linked to major depression, revealing associations with inflammatory markers and suggesting potential causal relationships through Mendelian randomization analysis.

This Review summarizes the recent progress in ultrahigh-bandwidth optical-fibre communications based on integrated optical frequency comb technologies, or integrated Kerr microcombs, highlighting the challenges and opportunities ahead.

Optical switching of ferromagnets has attracted interest for use in ultrafast spintronics but the physical origin of the effect remains unclear. Here the authors determine the contributions of two proposed mechanisms, the inverse Faraday effect and optical spin-transfer torque.

The authors introduce and demonstrate experimentally a novel fundamental property of nonlinear multimode optical systems, named mode rejection. This paves the way towards a more general idea of all-optical mode control and its related applications.

A turnkey regime for soliton microcombs is demonstrated, in which solitons are generated by switching on a co-integrated pump laser, eliminating the need for photonic and electronic control circuitry.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

The full-fledged development of qudits in superconducting circuits is hindered by limited interaction toolkit and stringent requirements on frequencies and anharmonicities. Here, the authors propose and demonstrate an alternative scheme to perform multi-qudit gates in transmon-based devices, which is based on Raman-assisted two-photon interactions.

Magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy is used to show that monolayer chromium triiodide is an Ising ferromagnet with out-of-plane spin orientation.

Exploring strong-field laser interaction requires pulses that are both energetic and short. Here, the authors demonstrate a mid-IR soliton-like pulse compression in a mm-long YAG crystal, reaching the multi-millijoule energy range and showing pulse filamentation in atmospheric air.

A first-order, disorder-driven, superconductor–insulator phase transition is demonstrated. This is in contrast with the usually observed second-order transition and highlights the role of Coulomb interactions between preformed Cooper pairs.

Viruses such as coxsackievirus B (CVB) have been associated with type I diabetes (T1D) and islet destruction. Here the authors show that Yes-associated protein (YAP) is upregulated in the whole pancreas in T1D and at-risk autoantibody (AAb + ) organ donors and that YAP over-expression enhances CVB replication, islet inflammation and β-cell apoptosis and suggest exocrine-islet-immune interactions as targeted interventions for T1D.

Neel domain walls are typically stabilized by an interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, with a chirality that is fixed by the sample materials. Here, Song, Huang and coauthors demonstrate the existence of two bistable Néel domain wall states with opposite chiralities, and the switching between these via magnetic field pulses

Here, the authors perform large trans-ancestry fine-mapping analyses identifying large numbers of association signals and putative target genes for colorectal cancer risk, advancing our understanding of the genetic and biological basis of this cancer.

Genetically engineered cows could resist a disease that makes them produce poor-quality milk.

Integrated multi-omic analyses using samples from the TRACERx study highlight cross-talk between DNA hypermethylation and genomic lesions in non-small cell lung cancer.

The strong electro-optic interaction, low optical loss and high microwave bandwidth of thin-film lithium niobate have enabled applications from computing to quantum information. This Review explores the fundamental principles, recent advances and the future potential of integrated lithium niobate technologies.

Ferrimagnetic Gd₄₄Co₅₆ near the compensation temperature enables domain wall motion with a speed of 1.3 km s^–1 and room temperature skyrmions with diameters close to 10 nm.

Most genetic studies have been done on European cohorts, which affects the efficacy of polygenic risk scores in non-European populations. Here, the authors demonstrate that a colorectal cancer PRS including Asian and European ancestries has improved performance over the European-centric PRS across racial and ethnic groups.

Terahertz-frequency underdamped vibrational modes in proteins are thought to be involved in biochemical processes, but their observation in solution is difficult. Here, the authors use femtosecond optical Kerr-effect spectroscopy to experimentally identify these modes during enzyme–ligand binding.

A passively mode-locked laser system featuring cavity filtering and cavity-enhanced nonlinear interactions within an integrated microring resonator produces nanosecond optical pulses with a spectral width of 104.9 MHz.

Nonlinear optical properties of conventional materials have limited spectral tuneability as they are defined by the material properties themselves. Here, the authors demonstrate that strong nonlinearity can be achieved in metamaterials where negligible nonlinearity of the constituent materials exists.