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This study introduces a genomic typing system for Moraxella catarrhalis, revealing two major lineages with distinct evolution, variability, and virulence traits.

Here they perform a systematic dissection of OCT4 and reveal how intrinsically disordered regions can be used to serve specific functions during reprogramming and embryonic development. This can be exploited to engineer more efficient and specific reprogramming factors.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Grain chalkiness is an undesirable trait that severely compromises rice quality. Here, the authors report the cloning of an E3 ubiquitin ligase encoding gene Chalk9 and reveal its crucial role in regulating grain chalkiness through mediating the ubiquitination-dependent degradation of OsEBP89.

Tumor pericytes are located surrounding blood vessels, and can regulate tumor vascular structure. Here, the authors discover that a subpopulation of NKX2-3 high tumor pericytes modulates vasodilation and hemodynamics to promote metastasis.

Walmsley and colleagues report that systemic hypoxia induces persistent loss of histone H3K4me3 marks and epigenetic reprogramming in neutrophil progenitors, resulting in long-term impairment of subsequent neutrophil effector functions.

HIV replication has been shown previously to be inhibited by combinations of T cells and NK cells according to HLA and KIR haplotype. Here the authors consider a combination of KIR2DL2+ NK and HLA-C*12:02-restricted T cells and clarify how a specific HIV pol escape mutant facilitates virus control by KIR2DL2+ NK cells.

Natural variation in hecw-1 encoding an E3 ubiquitin ligase influences the avoidance of pathogenic bacteria by Caenorhabditis elegans and forms a molecular basis for behavioural variation.

Somatic cells in C. elegans stop dividing after completing their normal lineage at the end of development. Here, Heinze et al. show that constitutive expression of a hox gene prolongs proliferation beyond the restriction imposed by the cell lineage.

The genetic basis underlying resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) in oilseed rape remains elusive. Here, the authors identify BnaA07.MKK9 as a pivotal regulator of SSR resistance in oilseed rape by GWAS, providing new insights into plant defense mechanisms against necrotrophic pathogens.

Pucella, Maqueda-Alfaro and colleagues distinguish three developmentally related subsets of mouse plasmacytoid dendritic cells that differ in their ability to produce type I interferon and their susceptibility to virus.

Inhibition of AMPK activation under low glucose conditions in oligodendrocyte precursor cells is shown to be important for myelination during development and remyelination in neuronal disorders.

CRISPR base editing enables the precise introduction of single-nucleotide mutations in the genome. Here, authors generated new adenine/cytosine base editor dataset and proposed a deep-learning model CRISPRon-BE for base editor efficiency prediction, thereby enhancing base editing applications.

Influenza virus ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) are essential for replication and transcription. Here, authors solve the cryo-EM structure of influenza mini-vRNP to reveal detailed FluPol–NP–RNA coupling and suggest a conformational shift in RNPs during the viral life cycle.

A room-temperature double-layer WS₂ microcavity is used to explore spin anisotropy and tune it with interlayer spacing.

This work presents a portable nanofiber-based imaging technique that uses luminescent nanofibers to achieve high-resolution replication of human skin textures, such as fingerprints, with fine morphological details, including sweat pores, ridges, and scars.

Metabolic compartmentalization changes are common in cancer, but their mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors show that low expression of the integral membrane protein SMIM4 in pancreatic cancer reshapes malate metabolism and promotes survival under glucose deprivation and RSL3-induced toxicity.

Basal cells, rather than neuroendocrine cells, have been identified as the probable origin of small cell lung cancer and other neuroendocrine–tuft cancers, explaining neuroendocrine–tuft heterogeneity and offering new perspectives for targeting lineage plasticity.

K11/K48 branched ubiquitin chains regulate protein degradation and cell cycle progression. Here, the authors report the structural basis of how such a branched ubiquitin chain is recognized by the human 26S proteasome, revealing a multivalent binding mode that underlies selective recognition.

It is uncertain how much life expectancy of the Chinese population would improve under current and greater policy targets on lifestyle-based risk factors for chronic diseases and mortality behaviours. Here we report a simulation of how improvements in four risk factors, namely smoking, alcohol use, physical activity and diet, could affect mortality. We show that in the ideal scenario, that is, all people who currently smokers quit smoking, excessive alcohol userswas reduced to moderate intake, people under 65 increased moderate physical activity by one hour and those aged 65 and older increased by half an hour per day, and all participants ate 200 g more fresh fruits and 50 g more fish/seafood per day, life expectancy at age 30 would increase by 4.83 and 5.39 years for men and women, respectively. In a more moderate risk reduction scenario referred to as the practical scenario, where improvements in each lifestyle factor were approximately halved, the gains in life expectancy at age 30 could be half those of the ideal scenario. However, the validity of these estimates in practise may be influenced by population-wide adherence to lifestyle recommendations. Our findings suggest that the current policy targets set by the Healthy China Initiative could be adjusted dynamically, and a greater increase in life expectancy would be achieved.

Many cancers metastasize to the lungs, yet immune cells rarely succeed in eliminating them. Here we show that although NK cells that patrol the lung vasculature are highly differentiated and cytotoxic to circulating tumor cells, these fail to access extravasated lesions, while NK cells that infiltrate the tumor parenchyma are less differentiated, exhibit poor cytotoxicity functionally restrained by TGF-β, allowing metastatic tumors to persist.

Here the authors provide an explanation for 95% of examined predicted loss of function variants found in disease-associated haploinsufficient genes in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), underscoring the power of the presented analysis to minimize false assignments of disease risk.

Kappa-opioid receptors (KORs) influence pain and itch. Here, using cryoEM, spectroscopy, and cell tests, the authors show how specific amino acids shape KOR responses. These findings may guide development of pain treatments with fewer side effects.

A gallium-based, iron-embedded liquid metal catalyst enables reversible, magnetic-field-controlled switching between atomically dispersed and clustered iron states, achieving tunable production of CH₃OOH and CH₃COOH under ambient conditions.

Photonic quasiparticles are neutral, so controlling them by coupling with external fields is generally impossible. Now, by synthesizing a two-level photonic system, coupling with an electric field becomes possible and enables electrical control.

Iron distribution in the crust correlates with lithospheric compositional, density, and rheological structure, which impacts the preservation and destruction of Earth’s continents, including long-lived cratons, during intracontinental orogeny.

A materials platform using tantalum as a base layer and silicon as the substrate to construct superconducting qubits enables device performance improvements such as millisecond lifetimes and coherence times, as well as high time-averaged quality factors.

The contributions of vehicular and structural modes to proton transport are quantified in phosphoric acid electrolytes. The derived conductivity model guides electrolyte-conductivity design and identifies an optimum electrolyte concentration to achieve low-temperature performance in batteries.

Biomolecular condensates are made of multiple components but current techniques cannot capture their complex composition quantitatively. Now it has been shown that the dense-phase binodal point defining the composition of multicomponent condensates can be inferred precisely from the intersection of a spectrometrically determined tie-line with an isorefractive line obtained from quantitative phase imaging.

Myeloid-specific mechanotransduction ablation downregulates pro-fibrotic fibroblast transcriptional profiles to reduce scar formation in human cells

Jee et al. study a cancer hotspot allele of DICER1 that disrupts RNaseIIIb activity. Beyond ablating 5p hairpin cleavage, 3p passenger strands are globally upregulated and active. Thus, this setting induces both loss and gain of miRNA function.

Nanostencil etching and lithography enable the fabrication of green-emitting nanoscale organic light-emitting diode pixels with size as small as 100 nm, densities as high as 100,000 pixels per inch and average external quantum efficiency of 13.1% for green emission.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

mRNA vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2 also sensitize tumours to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

The taurine–taurine transporter axis is a critical dependency of aggressive myeloid leukaemias.

The carrier envelope offset phase (CEP) of a short laser pulse is tuned to control electrons on attosecond timescales, while rotational states are associated with much longer nanosecond timescales. Here, the authors introduce CEP control in rotational air lasing, unveiling nontrivial contribution from rotational states.

Pretrained on SpatialCorpus-110M, a curated resource of vast and diverse transcriptomes of dissociated and spatially resolved cells from both human and mouse, Nicheformer advances toward building foundation models for spatial single-cell analysis.

Glioblastoma—the deadliest form of brain cancer—alters the calvarial bone and its marrow components, pushing it toward producing more myeloid cells and contributing to an immunosuppressive environment.

This study identifies four distinct polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) subtypes using unsupervised clustering analysis on data from 11,908 women and validated across five diverse cohorts. The subtypes show unique clinical features and suggest that subtype-specific management could enhance treatment precision for PCOS.

Bacterial ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters can be utilized and engineered to transport non-canonical amino acids into Escherichia coli for highly efficient synthesis of proteins with novel functions.

A significant challenge in modern drug development is the comprehensive profiling of covalent inhibitors. Here, the authors develop COOKIE-Pro, an unbiased method for quantifying the binding kinetics of irreversible covalent inhibitors on a proteome-wide scale.

Bhandoola and colleagues describe the existence of two pathways of NK cell development that generate functionally distinct NK cell subsets in mice, and which may be conserved in humans.

Here, the authors report recent updates to the ENCODE data portal including a redesigned home page, an improved search interface, custom-designed pages highlighting biologically related datasets and an enhanced cart interface for data visualisation plus user-friendly data download options.

Blanpain and colleagues delineate lineage reprogramming following PTEN deletion in different prostate cancer-originating cells, demonstrating that in basal cells the NF-κB pathway and innate immunity control stem cell plasticity and tumor initiation.