Articles

Pretrained using 335,645 whole-slide images, a foundation model is developed to provide representations for slide- and patient-level tasks. It is capable of performing clinical tasks and generating reports even in data-scarce scenarios, such as rare cancer diagnosis and survival prediction, without requiring further fine-tuning.

In this follow-up study presenting results at 96 weeks, cabotegravir and rilpivirine long-acting therapy remained noninferior to oral therapy, had acceptable safety and tolerability profiles, and resulted in durable virologic suppression, further supporting its consideration for African treatment programs.

In cognitively normal older adults at risk for Alzheimer’s dementia, physical inactivity was associated with faster tau protein buildup and cognitive decline.

This study identifies four distinct polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) subtypes using unsupervised clustering analysis on data from 11,908 women and validated across five diverse cohorts. The subtypes show unique clinical features and suggest that subtype-specific management could enhance treatment precision for PCOS.

The biological clock model LifeClock predicts biological age across all life stages from routine clinical data, revealing distinct pediatric and adult disease risk patterns.

In a phase 1 dose-escalation study including 11 patients with heart failure who were followed for 12 months, delivery of a cardiotropic adeno-associated viral vector designed to deliver constitutively active protein phosphatase 1 inhibitor 1 to the heart was well tolerated and showed preliminary evidence of efficacy.

In a phase 1 trial, intramuscular injection of synthetic plasmid DNA encoding monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was safe and well tolerated and did not elicit antidrug antibodies.

Researchers analyzed 5,279 plasma proteins in 40 people undergoing feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy over 6 months, revealing significant changes in 299 proteins. Such changes could have implications for reproductive capacity, immune regulation and long-term health.

Myelin damage in multiple sclerosis can be detected up to 7 years before symptoms, with early immune pathway activation and a 21-protein panel showing promise for presymptomatic diagnosis.

As presented at the ESMO Congress 2025: Results of the phase 2/3 AGITG DYNAMIC-III trial show that de-escalated chemotherapy based on ctDNA-negative status in patients with stage III colon cancer did not meet non-inferiority for 3-year recurrence-free survival when compared to standard of care, although it enables better informed treatment decisions.

As presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology Congress 2025: In patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumours, including mesothelioma, treatment with a first-in-class inhibitor of the Hippo−YAP−TEAD pathway was safe and led to encouraging clinical response rates in patients with mesothelioma.

As presented at the ESMO Congress 2025, in the single-arm phase 2 IKF/AIO PHERFLOT trial, the perioperative combination of FLOT chemotherapy with anti-PD-1 and anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies led to a pathological complete response rate of 48.4% in patients with resectable HER2+ esophagogastric adenocarcinoma, meeting the prespecified co-primary endpoint.

As presented at the ESMO Congress 2025: in this international, single-arm phase 2 trial, first-line treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer, gastroesophageal junction cancer or esophageal adenocarcinoma with domvanalimab (Fc-silent anti-TIGIT) and zimberelimab (anti-PD-1) plus FOLFOX (oxaliplatin, leucovorin and fluorouracil) led to encouraging objective response rates and survival outcomes, which will be validated in a phase 3 trial.

As presented at the ASCO 2025 Annual Meeting and the ESMO Congress 2025: In RELATIVITY-098, treatment of patients with stage III/IV resected melanoma with nivolumab and relatlimab compared to nivolumab alone did not significantly change recurrence-free survival, with correlative data pointing to the absence of tumor-infiltrating LAG3⁺ T cells as a potential reason.

The authors explore the impact of MC4R deficiency on lipid metabolism in humans, based on two large cohorts. Findings indicate that individuals with obesity due to MC4R deficiency have lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels, as well as reduced cardiovascular risk.

The authors conducted prospective multimodal monitoring of simultaneous brain and heart function to define physiological changes during the human dying process leading to circulatory arrest.

Whole-exome sequencing analyses in a cohort of 2,140 participants with female infertility after recurrent in vitro fertilization, coupled with functional analyses, identified genes associated with oocyte and early embryo competence defects.

This prospective cohort study of patients with cancer incorporated antemortem follow-up visits and rapid autopsy analyses, and reports that spikes—rapidly increasing levels—of circulating tumor cell clusters, observed immediately before and at the time of death, along with tumor masses infiltrating large vessels, were cancer-related events associated with patient mortality.

A new study combines MRI data with proteomic, metabolomic and RNA data to develop and examine seven organ-specific MRI-based aging clocks, uncovering links to overall mortality and organ-specific diseases.

A randomized, controlled phase 1b trial evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics and impact on viral kinetics of budigalimab, a PD-1 inhibitor, during analytical treatment interruption for HIV and found that it was well tolerated and resulted in delayed rebound in a subset of participants in an exploratory efficacy analysis.