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Koh, Ma et al. show that during climbing, mouse motor cortex instructs limb muscle activity patterns primarily by selectively activating certain muscles at certain activity states, via neural activity patterns distinct from those previously described.

Microglia influence amyloid-β effects on astrocyte reactivity in the living brain of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. This phenomenon further contributes to cognitive impairment via tau phosphorylation and aggregation.

Dominant coactivation patterns are primarily studied in resting-state fMRI. Here, the authors study the rest of the signal, which reveals ‘caricatured’ connectomes with improved behavioral prediction.

The authors develop a neural probe with over 1,000 light emitters arranged along its length and circumference, enabling panoramic 3D optical stimulation across large brain volumes.

The authors mapped the dendritic morphology of thousands of striatal D1-type and D2-type medium spiny neurons in healthy and Huntington’s disease mouse brains, revealing dendritic modules with distinct neuronal shapes, spatial distributions and cortical inputs.

Cortical neurons comprising an output pathway form a specialized population code that enhances the propagation of information to a downstream target, potentially improving the accuracy of decision-making.

TDP-43 dysfunction in ALS/FTD causes faulty splicing of the KCNQ2 ion channel, leading to toxic protein buildup, neuron hyperactivity and a potential new biomarker and treatment target using RNA-based therapies.

Yang et al. show that moments of failed attention we experience after sleep deprivation reflect brief ‘sleep-like’ episodes in the brain, corresponding to a brain- and body-wide event with altered brain activity, pupil size and brain fluid movement.

Functional connectivity analyses using ultra-high precision 7 Tesla functional MRI identified a unified system for allostasis and interoception that included more than 96% of the anatomical connections documented in non-human animal tract-tracing studies. This whole-brain system included densely interconnected regions thought to form the backbone of neural communication across the brain.

Li et al. propose a conceptual framework to study the phenomenon of falling asleep based on electroencephalogram data. They show that a tipping point marks the brain’s nonlinear wake-to-sleep transition and that the unfolding process can be tracked in real time.

A pioneer in oculomotor neuroscience, Edward L. Keller identified key elements of the brainstem circuits that produce eye movements and provided the foundation for decades of research on neural control of gaze. He passed away on 4 July 2025.

The authors show that connectome datasets alone are generally not sufficient to predict neural activity. However, pairing connectivity information with neural recordings can produce accurate predictions of activity in unrecorded neurons.

Working memory improves during adolescent brain development. Zhu et al. tracked monkeys through adolescence, revealing that maturation of white matter tracts and refinement of neural firing patterns sharpen working memory precision.

This study maps chromatin accessibility in neurons and glia in schizophrenia, revealing fetal-like regulatory patterns in adult neurons enriched for genetic risk variants, linking early brain development to schizophrenia pathogenesis

The brain is constantly monitoring the systems in the body. Here the authors use 7 Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging to map a large-scale brain system for body regulation in humans, including brainstem nuclei, and confirm many monosynaptic connections traced in nonhuman animals.